Skip to main content

Full text of "A flora of North America ?containing abridged descriptions of all the known indigenous and naturalized plants growing north of Mexico, arranged according to the natural system /by John Torrey and Asa Gray."

See other formats


J 


‘dn y / | s ak 
E FLORA ' udi 
5 See Sage dés. 
a: ae > Teal ags 
NORTH AMERICA, £2 9 
à F.A , s Lar eg tos y -— 
rc REG —— P s Nm F. 
EXOGENOUS OR à DICOTYLEDONOUS BLANY i 
-7 CONTINUED. e 


Szoros I. MONOPETALOUS EXOGENOUS PLANTS. m 


Floral envelopes consisting of both calyx and corolla; the 
u composed of united petals* (rmonapessinns or gam é 
ous). 


ee 
^ 


A x I. Saye adherent to the ovary (ovary inferior). t 
"s CONSPECTUS OF THE Poa IN THIS DIVISION. = 


* Ovary with 2 or more cells, a d lm 
e d Stamens inserted upon y 


Stipe none. d E Cbürrocn ia 
Stipules interpetiolar, or Sig the leaves. =a : f 

Stipules? 2 1 to 3 on each side, entirely similato z 
"os leaves and forming wi - a verücil. Y = 
Stipules seen the petioles! a * 
cohere 


pm X A few —1 pests of Ptumbaginac, s some Asner, 
polypetalous, or » 
a few bine pa : : 

w Ru *otary x pibe 


Lo mue l " CAPRIFOLIACER. l 5o Lmwza. Qd 

ze t 4 3 

> * * Ovary with a single k and asolitary ovule, or rarely du 3 cells, two 

: Y which are enpty. Seeds with little or no albumen. Fruit indehiscent. 
stinct. Seed suspended. 


ers not in involucrate*heads. Albumen none. 74. VALERIANACER. 
_ Heads dense, involucrate. Seeds: al us, 75. DipsaceBy ^ 
ens syngenesious. Heads involucra =a 76. Composirz. © ^ q 


: ore Ora with one or several Velle, and mumerós ovules. Stamens 1 
x EE ‘with the corolla. Prodi capsular. Seeds mostly à = 


ünous. 

Corolla irregular. Stamens united. | P S. TT. LowucrB: x. 

Corolla regular. Stamens mostly distinct. e e. 10: AL. 2 | 

Corolla regular, 5-parted. Anthers sessile. ~- x os. Podesta” ^ 
Ss A " 


pe 


EN am CAPRIFOLIACEAE Juss; DO. 


Theo Er adherent to the o E 5 the limb 5- (rarely 4- ) 
. eleft or —€— Valls E es or somet e5 rotate ; the lobes im- 
bricate in æs r and alternate with 


om deficient), and inserted 

X anthers introrse, versatile,” Ovary 9- (rarely 4—5-) 
several pendulous ovules in each cell: style filiform, | 

j capitate stigma ; or wanting, and the oblong stigmas _ _ 

3-5. Fruit baccate, fleshy, or sometimes dry (rarely capsular), often + | 

1-celled by abortion, Seeds anatropous. Aes in the axis of — 


a ce en.—Shrubs, or rarely herbaceous pl w 5 opposite a 
E eaves. Infoseite vege > M oe 
: sa? e "e og TES E 

ERE 


_ Subaibe I Carnon —Fruit baccate, or Bou neatly dry. 
ta of the seed erust à ceous. .. ONE 2 : 
no. 774 ; DC. prodr. i 
prodr, 4, p340. E 


ee limb lanceolate-subul ate. 
vino oe somewhat ei í 


dii 
Saa A 


oe a A l va B 
= y , y " 


^ 
at 


LINNEA. CAPRIFOLIACEÆ. 3 
— . 
with broadly oval sparingly erenate-toothed leaves, abruptly narrowed into a 
petiole. Peduncles filiform, terminating the ascending branches, bearing 
two pedicellate (minutely bibracteolate) nodos flowers. Mer, Lair: 
. rose-color or nearly white. 


«e nod. boreali Saera "Lon Lapp. p. 214, t. 19, f. 4, fl. Suec. ed. 2. 
si p. 219 A od i Spec. 2 j. Dan. L3; Schkuhr, ‘handb: t. 176; s 
All. 1.536; Engl. bot pp. p E 


1 Pu At 
Richards. appx i 
v (A. Lond. n. ser. t.199 a. l.p. 285. 
[oist mossy woods, usually under the shade of a from dis Arc- 
— tic Circle to the New England. Rs! New Aan New J ersey ! (in a cedar 
swamp near New Durham, M enard,) and the mountains of o 
sylvania; and from Newfoundland! and Labrador! to the 
_ tains! Oregon! Unalaschka and Kotzebue's Sound! June-July.— 
filiform, sending up numerous short nches. ~ deai about DUM ed "ind 


larly the calyx-tube a n ressed bra clot ed wil h ol; 
Corolla hairy ndi pretending ud gine al plani 
from its association Ur d Linneus, ed asw ets tmd 
out the northern gon of the new, as ofthe o <3 


2. sxurnioni@anres Dill. Elth. p.371. 1.278; DC. prod 
Symphoria, Pers. ‘es, v. ee 
: Calyx-tube Sont the limb 4-5-toothed, persistent. Corolla infundibu- - 
lifor or campanulate, somewhat regularly 4-5-lobed. Stamens 4-5, in: 
=  serted into the throat of the corolla. Ovary 4-celled ; two of the cells with 
several abortive ovules; the two others (opposite) : each with a single fertile 
* agp ovule pendulous from the summit. Stigma capitate. Fruit a globose id 
berry, 4-celled ; two opposite cells 1-seeded, the others empty. Seed? bna. 
= —Sm all ein shrubs (natives of America and Mexico) ; with 
+ eaves on short petioles. mall, bibracteolate, in short - 
Ev" axillary. uses or terminal spikes. € aed ere or white. Berries 


à uie 3 
a ? MC e 
rminal, loose, interrupted, often so . 
e5 Style D NUS 
su Park i 


ers (mostly on inco 
ge States! to Oregon 
. & Arn. bot. Beech 


hos 


Ie, ] t. 3 ae 
* $ Pi * k, Bd. uo. 
E . -NE ` 
" E. m 


i X * 
a a 

t- CAPRIFOLIACER. "^ SYMPHORICARPUS. 
e S. occidentalis (R. qom) s spikes oui terminal and. axillary, n nod- - 
Æ din sely bearded within: stamens | 
d (commphat bearded) ` ek exserted. Tk Br. in Richards. ! appt. —- 
j Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. 6 ; d 
Wi country of British Brie Tee 5 and Saskatchawan i 
S 


(Drummond !) to the sources of the Mississippi, Dr. Houghton ! and near 
ort Gratiot, ae Dr. Pitcher ! Also Oregon, Douglas. (Hook.) June 
Ju uly.—Shrub 1-4 feet high. Leaves ovate, 1-3 inches long, somewhat . 
he airy above, pubescent underneath, — Neen the petioles about one- E 
third of an e e ong. Spikes nearly se Calyx-teeth minutely ciliate. — - 
-. Corolla ; rplish and white, larger than in ihe pe peta and the border miore ~ 
"Bprea D. ** Berries White, remaining on the plant during the autumn and » 
. winter. "Dr. Pitcher.— Wolf-Berry of the Canadians. 
Tom aris (Michx.): spikes axill : almost _ Sessile, capitate-glo- 
Crude MS ME 3 sone ide; stamens 
a. and (bearded) by included.— Mic. rfl. n J- pa LN ie -p | 
é flora, Desf. cat. hort. Par, "gene © Symphoricarpos, Linn. 7 spec. 1. p 4 
noc 175. gw. Lo. dear Pers. a Pe 214. S. a Purs 
l- exp Nutt. ! 9; Torr. tfi.1 
" anks of ri me PRdeylvanin (Miultenfora) Virginia and mountains of 
. the Southern States! to the Upper Missouri (Nuttall! Dr. James!) and — ~ 
exas, Drummond! July-Sept.—Shrub 2-3 feet hich, with erect - ari f 
lé pubesee ent branches. Leaves about an inch and a ha If long, roundish-oval i 
or ovate, mucronate, ke 2d hairy above, tomentose-pubescent beneath. : 
mE much shorter n the leaves. Corolla 2 lines long, greenish-red; 
the tube bearded in den Cosas arta the size of a small currant, defi red m 
( luish- purple, Nutt.) — Indian Curran 


S. mollis s (Nutt.! mss. y “racemes very short, towards the summit of. 


the branches, n ly sessile ; corolla, glabrode inside; calyx conspicuous ; e 
hoa villous un 


~ leaves oval or ovate, obtuse, pubesc ry and softly | 

BN demes . * " 

E. St. Barb omnia ; common.—Nearly to the preceding; but 
with small on ie oe flowers and a conspi allied to calyx. Flowers des : 
— ” - Nuttall. res 


spikes x very short, was the summit of — | 
Bigeduncalate: = esse leaves ` ^n 


5. S. ci s -—- [T : 


derneath; c 


very sm te reddish.- 


Flowers i nsiderably 
vas: bat differs in the leaves being Sotalia at ase and . 
Nuttall 


j 'ICERA. = Desf. fl. Atl. 1. p. 183; Dc. prodr. 
` ylosteon, Caprifoliam, Chameecerasus, E iil wr. ^R 
E " 
Calyx- tube eiue iiobis: baiiia hiat Commie 4 
r, infundibulifo: or campanulate, often gibbous at the base; the limb 5- 


ee early regular, or ringent. Stamens 5. Ovary 2-3-celled, with sever- . 
al pendulous ovules in each cell. Stigma capitate. Berry 2-3-celled, or by x 
obliteration 1 d, few-see See | 


Lonicera ` - 5^ CAPRIFOLIACEX. 5 


$1. Stem climbing: leaves often connate : lowers sessile, in verticillate- 
capitate clusters: berries never connate, often 1-celled when mature, crowne ad 
with the persistent limb of the calyxr-—CAPRIFOLIUM, Juss. . ^ 


* Corolla nearly regular. (Periclymenum, Tourn.) 


. L. sempervirens (Ait.): leaves oblong and hebr piisk, r penae = 
Te glaucous and sliehtl pu Turn underne ath; thel somewhat 


(ed. 1) L. p. 230; Walt. Car. p. 131; Bot. mag. t. 781, & 1753; Bot. ot. reg. | oh 
556; Torr.! fl. 1. p. y: DC. prodr. 4. p. 432. Ča prifolium sempervi 
rens, Michx. ! fl. 1. p. 10 ; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 160 ; Ell. sk. 1 

orders of dep Island of New York! to, Geo m Flerida! and - 
Saphistana: April-Oct. (in the E States.) em t "n over Hon 
or docete prostrate. Leaves 14 to nearly 3 inches long; the upper 1-2 — 
inches wide ; the lower Siento almost lanceolate. Pedur den 1-2 inches, 
ons orls owy, inodoro 


leaves are somewhat DL the case with the native plant in the - 
Southern States.—Scarlet aise es T. Hiisesoite, t 


ys EA ciliosa Ariani aye eie Ae beneath, cons; 


m, Pursh ! ^ ned 
regon ; on ee Koos koosky, Love? and alon ng the e Oregon from the Falls 
to the sea, Nutiall/—We have see n the original specimens in Mr. Lambert's 


herbarium, but as e not means of completing the diagnosis between this 
and the following species. "The flowers has bright yellow, according to Mr. 
2 ; who alone seems to have im with the plant, subscqueliy to 


mantas PRSE ma rm nearly sessile, Due. 2 


cous underneath; upper ones counate-perfoliate ; aay m 
gis 


con 
S; coroll a (orange-red) glabrous; the tube elongated, ish 
e the early equal; stamens somewhat 
Po r^ pe p. 282. Capi Eua E HEN 


tg the. „upper lip E oh ir: m Crisis 
Natives of the United States and Canada. 


es 


es CAPRIFOLIACER. 5 LONICERA. 


filaments glabrous rx .C.; Willd. spec. 1. p. 984 ; DC. prodr. 4. p 
332; E VET ! fl. Cest. p. 159. Canain Es ai Pursh, f. 1. p. 10; 
Ell. sk. 1. p 

- ana, Dr. Hale! ** Mountai o Ca wolina," Pursh. May.— 


about "inches 


ye ation nn or e. leaves (small and rather crowded) 
: vie glabrou s, glaucous beneath; the upper pair connate-perfoliate ; the 
rs distinct, eau: owers in small ae heads; tube of the glabrous 
EM slender; not gibbous; filaments gla . 
rairies near Fort Towson, on the kanse D r. Leavenworth !—Climb- 
ing over bushes and small trees. Leaves less than an inch long, rather rigid. 
Corolla ** white," about thitee-fourtha of an-inch long; the lower oou 
scarcely half the length of the Bander tube. Stamens somewhat exserted.— 
A 


ava (Sims): sae and somewhat glaucous; stem scarcely 
a iia leaves ovate, o vate, or oval, with a narrow Cartilaginous. margin; 
the upper pairs conna oa liate; the lowest distinct; flowers in small 
heads or ns: ote ate wh: tube of the gla cms corolla ae not gib- 
"DO o Con glabrous.—Sims, bot. mag. t orr. fl. 1. p. 943 


C Caprifolium. Fraseri, Pursh! di © 160. C. f flavunf, Ell. sk. 
more glaueous 3 the lower — ons narrowed at the base; tube 

of the corolla rather short d stoute Ew ee * 
Rocky pese of reer p untiin $ New York, 5 Pursh; and Paris 
OE S. Carolina, Fras in distriets of G orgia, - Boykin! 
- B. M— RE above: Col Col us, Ohio, Mr. Sullisant! Milwaukie, 


uly.—Leaves 13 to nearly 3 inches long, 
s md often with an extr y minute and soft 


vi Apron shove: m 18 
ery” nee beneath, obtuse, or with a blunt 


whitish caducous pubes 


per 4-lobed. Stamens ex- 
» Which han long voen cultivated in the puce. 


z pe irsuta (Eaton): stem mostly twiuin ; leaves (pale green, not 
shining) bi a dly oval, very veiny, ciliate, serio T t hairy [X vil- 
; rfoliate, often nea rly glabrous; the 
a od three rée together; the flowers in 
£t bu. viscid- e 


83 


hor 
: slightly ome ec at the base; 
Eaton! ma ‘ed. 3. p. 


cal -Am. 1 


y p 323 ; Hook. exot. fl. 


s 
‘Moist ar Tolis Pennsylvania A gah ort t) to Wesi Louisi- 


- 


E 


P 


Sta 
parentl Dre very distinct species: the Corolla, in shape, hber. that of 


filament towards the 
341; if Pa ae non f. 5n; : 
bese 


| ; Brit ae ui. 
p.758. "D ugntolium 


* 


LowiERA. © _ CAPRIFOLIACE E. 7 


banks and margin of thickets, in damp soil, Canada! and Michi- 
Su 


ge: (aroupa. Lake Huron and L -— 
v Englan 


perior!) and in the northern parts of 


1 Sta MAI une-July.—Stem often twin- .. 


nd the Nev 
ing to pe s ight of 15-30 feet, rh somewhat age branches. 
cuo 


ye Ves long, a and a broad, memb 


greet a little glandular or viscid), 


what rugose, sprinkled with scattered hairs ahó M of which are 
icuo e 


d or slightly pointed at the base 


glabrous when old. Peduncles and even the ovaries often covered with a 
uides icd or eoa pubescence, like that of the eorolla. Flowers nus. 


and st ed; the ee 


like the filaments, more or less hairy below, somietim  himute. Berri 
eeded. 


ange, 3—5-s 


L. parviflora (Lam.): ee 
liptical or oblong, smooth, shining 


eae 
- sted trailing or EH leaves X. 
above, very. glauco s beneath, with 


a 
slight often undulate dide. apta margin Me bim. per - e -perfoliate ; 
the 


others xu an ostly so 


ate; flowers in a more or less 


mewhat c 
pe eduscitibe head or 2-3 5 clos ely a de whorls; corolla short, Loren) 
below.—ZLam. - 


E iiis at oi ^ filaments somewhat 
dict. 1l. p. 7 Torr. £: fl. À. p. AE. igi fs pa ed. 2 


+ pen 4. Ad B Hook. ji. Bor.- Am 


te Linn. nes es in p. i 
reg. t. "L.m Murr. in 


m, 


test, Rem. § 


* s 
SHE p 200: eo 

8.7? leaves pubescent or even ebimewhat villous- tomentose > entath the 
lower ones distinct, sessile or slightly petioled ; corolla paye esi yim PME 

viflora 8. Hook. l. c. €. Ca ium Dou 
` Lindl. in hort. trans ae p.n C. Put villi i Richards’ appz. Fiankl 
journ. ed. 2. - p. 6, 

Rocky banks of. does, &c. Canada! (from Hudson's Bay.to the Roc 
Mountains, a. & 8. Hoo -) and from the New En gland. States! to Missouri, | 
and sparingly in the mountains of the Sou B. Saskatchawan 

c., Dou rt Gratiot, Michi Dr Pitche / imestone 


o, Mr. vant Pr : 
feet long. dne 2-3, or on young shoots even 4 inches some- 


sparse deciduous pu 
us Silos; the lower ones often nar. 


eneath, but usually — 
ed = i base, | Sessile. — 


a 8-9 lines long, including the short spreading E ae tinged 
-. with dul ull purple. Stamens exsert Berri 


rted. oranges—In rom 
Ohio, T © zene of the ME regie E the oreo s apparently deci- 


duous, and in vi gorous shoots t 


var. B. fro 


y are 
ones inclined to ovate-lance olate. We ave | bris P on that this is 


with the Caprifolium Doug 
the leaves in the slightest 
ies : but our specimens 
the — 


7 9. de California: fá 
uppermost 


; leaves ovate-o| 
connate- i 


s long; the lower - - 
mame —— 
ed 


" “a * 3 fi : : 
EN . a CAPRIFOLIACEH: ^ "Lowirma * 


flowers i in rather distant whorls; the peduncle -— rachis clothed with gland- 
cular and hispid hairs intermixed ; tube of the corolla conspicuously gibbous, 
aeiy hairy, not longer than the deeply bilabiate limb; filaments some- 
i ase, exserted ili 


MAR Cur 
S 
3 
E 
ss 
[^^] 
Š 
eo 
B5 
o 
et 
o 
Fe 
"y 

dE 
= 
hu 
e 
T 
i| 
> 
a 
xy 
2 
fa 
Fh 
a) 
F 
s. 
— 


ong; ti "wi 
stipuliform appendages. Cor olla (incluling the BD seve m ore prei half 
yello i 


se 
- which the younger branches are said to be airy along one side: in our 
specimen Douglas's Californian N the branches are kaonei 
les, &c. pdepedly fand ular and somewhat hirsute. It is 
quite different from the Caprifolium ciliosum of Pursh, and T pea ang 
other North Anand species. 


= 16. L. hispidul a (Dou ugl. mss. is stem slender twining Meine, | sere 
OF pilose-hispid ; leaves rather rigid, ov. as ric a obtuse, glaucous be- 


vill ed; 
es connate-perfoliate; heads or whorls on slender peduncles 8; p 
nearly glabrous; the upper lip shorter than the gibbous tubes” pre es 4d 
e ad hairy below, exserted.—L. microphylla, Hook. fl. Bor.-Am 
283 hin es ers), not of Willd.  Caprifolium hispidulum, Lindl fi A 
_ bot. re Ks 
rand and rocky places, oe: on Mount Hood, and at the Grand Re 
es of the Oregon, at ‘Oak Poi ) &c. Douglas. * Oak Point,’ on the Ore 
gon near the in "Nutt all !—A ‘nal mostly trailing shrub, pubescent with 
slender sca hairs. Leaves 6 to 10 lines, or sometimes an inch in. ^ 
length; the upper surfa ace glabrous, and the one ortwe upper pairs often con- . EC 
nate-perfoliate, in the cultivated plant. Flowers — "emerit cn near dy. E 
pest Corolla a bout half an inch long. Oca gla Calyx-teeth ~~ 
minute.—According to the description and figure in the Beason Register, 


li 
oes he tube. In the wild plant, the leaves are about three- 
I an n inch a ieii according to Me Nuttall; but the upper ones 


n pm (Hoo "&- Arn. je and much branched; 
a 


bus fs W^ 
e 


e leaves, corolla pubescent; leaves ( 
pie be ellipti oblong, obtuse, coriaceous, shini e, 
d 9n Peg! short petioles ; spikes few-flowered, bracteate ; corolla bila- 
el em 2-, the other 3-cleft.'— Hook. & Arn. bot. Beechey, suppl 
ro 


Douglas. Bushy hills near. St. cer. Nuttall.— An erect 
arly ale 


: er xe y 3 feet Jig. ; Im ularh nt leaves, gag pale pink 
tower. and a minute calyx." Nuit. B donum about an inch long, 
1 remote. pairs of bracts pef in thei S asi lesser 
ez Sarik; bear the flowers solitary or in pairs. Corolla not half an 
E Loo, ereht f from — other Lonicera. - Hook. & Arn. 


E Ko 

= 2. ab Rs connate: peduncles ae 2-4-bracteate Be on (rarely. 
Slowered at the summit: berries geminate, distinct or often un 
E = wb of the me e per 


Ea 


& s jd 
Lonicera. . = CAPRIFOLIACER., T 
- Pedunde A-bracteate at the summit ; the bracts foliaceous and dilated. 


; FEL. foliero (Herb. Banks.): stem erect or reclined; branches — 
prominently 4- angled ; leaves ovate-oblong or oval, petioled, obtuse or acu- - 
inate, hirsute-pubescent beneath; peduncles shorter than the leaves, 2~3- — 
za red ; exterior bracts ovate or subcordate ; the interior broadly obovate s 
or obcordate, "5 t frat Vert small, at length many times larger than the distinct 
ovaries and enclosing e fruit; corolla pube. gibbous-at the base on the 
outside.— Spreng. syst. 1. p. 759; DC. prodr.4. p. 336; Lindl. bot. reg. t. 
1179 ; Hook. ! £t - Am. 1. p. yee a ru Lodo Eschs. in mem. acad. 
St. Petersb. 10. p. 284; DC. l.c ham. I in Linnea, 3. p. 138; 
Hook. & Arn.! bot. BUR Y, p p. 143, oup. P. 349. Xylosteon involucra- 
tum, Richards.! appx. Frankl. journ. ed 
Saskatchawan! (and woody country fu ^ 54° to 64°) and Rocky 
Mou to the North West Coast between lat. 54° & 56°. Also in Cali- 
nia, E: , Douglas ! Nuttall !— tem 2~10 fee t long, * often sup- 


lines in length, usually cuminate point. Corolla yellowish, 
6-7 line , pubescent and glandular, cylindraceous; the lobes sho 
s e 


_the interior at first very small, but becoming large and conspicuous in fruit, 
-each conn of two partially united and overlapping bracts. i 


* * Peduncle minutely 2-bracteolate p the summit. 


* 33. L. ciliata (Mag) stem erect; leaves ovate-cblotiit often cordate, pe 
pilose-ciliate, the younger ones villous beneath ; peduncles shorter than the 
eaves; bracts shorter than the ovaries; teeth of the calyx very obtuse; co- 
rolla obtusely saccate at the base; the lobes em and somewhat equal; style 

- exserted ; berries distinct, diverging. — Muhl ep . 4. p. 
E E Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 283. L. Canadensis, Ren. & Schult. syst. 
960. Xylosteum Tartaricum, € ! a 6. (not L. Tartari- 
55 Lin nn.) X.ciliatum, Pursh! fl. 1. p. ae 73 album, which is 
Soroa racemosus, fide Nut i); orr. !. fl. l.p . 245; Bigel.! fl. 

ed. 2 88. 


so ocky woods and VIL en throughout Canada (from the Sakuri a 
and the northern portions of the New England States! ? 
vania and Ohio! May —Shrub 3-5 feet high. with. aie a 
nc 


nb us, light green, 1-2 or more i is obs: 
,rathe cute: petioles short, beset wi e stly l Ma 2» 
"gre enish-yellow somewhat ee a ree-fourths of an inch long 


. Lc a (Linn.): stém erect; leaves oval or oval-oblong, hirsute 
on adi riu orm or quite glabrous above when — e pear very 


at 3 
hort, reflexed in fruit; b cis subulate, longer than the ovaries ; lagbe — = 
bogs M tha base a lobes short, nearly edis il; berries (deep ge ond law i E. 
` cous) globose, formed by the union of 2 ovaries.— Linn. s spec. 1. p. 174; E 
Pall. fl. Ross. t. 37; Bot. mag. t. 1965; DC. prodr. 4. p. 337; Hook.! ft. 
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 983. L.cmrulea Canadensis, Lam. dict. 1. p. 731, 


: a Can 3lex DC. — 
AL. M e Dc. £45 c. (excl.syn. Goldie, Torr. $c.) ; Hook. § "bot. — 
ec .115. Xylost souii inie, Eaton! 3 xy 
sum, Bige! ! As Bost ed. ar ; Torr.! 
): ! appx- Frankl. journ. ed. | 
B. villosa : wire iut P wif: crece trs debeely vi 
VOL. T * : 


2 


10 CAPRIFOLIACE K. ".. LowickRA, a 


í 
=. tose; limb of the e sy ciliate.—L. velutina, DC.! d. e. a 4 
$ villosum, Michx. ! ji 


n s ES Li abehilér ! aud New woundlana ! to the Rocky E 

Mountains in British America, and north to lat. extending south to the — 

- mountains or mountainous districts of Massachusetts! and New York! ~. -` 

; Hudson’s Bay, Michaux! Newfoundland, use ! Máy.— Shrüb - 1-4 feet 

high; the younger branches mostly villous. Leaves an inch or less in 
‘length. eue yellow, about half an inch long, either glabrous or hairy, 
longer than the peduncles; the lobes longer than the aper b erect. 
Stamens parcel? exserted: filaments bearded.— We agree with 
aa? in oe our plant i identieal with the L. en "t Europe and 

ibe 


* 


5. L. oblongifolia ( (Hook.) : stem erect, much branched; leaves oblong . 
a or oval, peg pates when young, at sinc: amoa glabrous; pedun- ` 3 
eles filifor uch longer tha n the flower ; bracts obsolete; corolla” = 
"e bv $ 


L4 
ay © 
as o. 
E: 
[s] 
r= 
a 
£3 
BS 
oo 
THE 
ad 
RE 
[e] 
[2] 
| 8 
co 
c 
c8 
zn 
mm 
ad 
EB 
—_ 
- 
dil 
[e] 
pie 
[e 
ME. 
“os 
3 
[1 
^ 
iU 
Do 
[2o 
rr 
uk 
wm 
SeS 
my 
UST 
oe 
ZA 


. the union of s ovaries ori -Am L. villosa, - 

> Ile artly. Xyloscuis oblongifolium, "oidie, in n Edinb. phil. jours i | 
pe» E mps, Canada, Mr. Goldie, «b dl orthern and 

< Western p the State of New York! May—June.—Shrube3—4 feet - 


short lobes. Filaments near y glabrous, , not ex sec didy the corolla: anthers 
* aes BP! a airy. Berries about the size of a lar arge pea, marked wi ith the i 
ves of Ker d two approximated calyces. * 


nally : the lower lip oblong-linear, often spre veins e he upper erect, with 4 - - 


4 DIERVILLA. Tourn. in act. acad. Par. (1706) t. 7. f. 1.5; Linn. hort. 4 
g OEC t. 7; Las 


t ill. t. 105 ; Sieb. f Zucc. A. Japon. p.68.1.99-32. = s 
unb— Cal ysphryum, Bunge.—Diervilla & Weigela, Alph. DC. | 
Calyx-tube oblo: or cylindrical, often attenuated at the summit ; the se - E 
A. of the i limb linear or subulate. Corolla infundibuliform ; 4 ihe* : 
limb 5c eft, nearly regular or slightly bilabiate. Stamens 5. Ovary 2- - 


eous or crus a ceous, 2-celled, 2-valved, 

- septicidal ; the 2-lobed ;lacentze usually “strongly projecting into the cells 
each bearing numerous seeds in a d ouble series. Seeds with a scrobiculaté i 
testa, naked or n cce" (natives of. North America, Japan, and 
a China). Leaves ovate or oblong, mostly pétioled, serrate, acute, 
s. Peduncles axillary or terminal, 1-flowered or cymosely 3-7- . 
i. the central flower pou sessile; all bibracteate atthébase. —— 


- The Asiatic indie have been-admirabh 
:  tedabove. These all have a somey 
.. branaceous, Zucc.) furnished w 


, 


‘illustrated by Zuccarini, in the work ci- 
durate capsule, and the seeds (testa mem= 
sis ; 
Xr 


into- wh 
honse De s g 
olle de Genève: Jan. 1839) not onl ly retains 5 
ons; = this even without being acquainted — .. 
which “a the most dee de 

Li e; » E a 


y 


ae 


+ 
s 


v» e a a: > 
_Drenvizia. CAPRIFOLIACEZE. no 
à th . We know not whether Mr. Brown was acquainted with these difference 
+ when he united Weigela to Diervilla, or whether he would consi € bos cs of dose erie ^ c 
importance. It must be remarked that both the elder an er De C -— "e 
i sion, described the capsule of Di pille a as one- erm 
tanists consider it 4-celled, an nic ; 


= 


rs 


have, by some misapy 
half 2-celled ; while Jussieu'and some other 
Mike, since the placentze often reach nearly or quite to the back of each cell. 


§ Sowers yellowish: capsule membranaceous : seeds not furnished with a crest 


ES Subtribe 2. Triosreæ.—Fruit drupaceous; the endocarp bony 


- -- tured, perhaps, to restore the pri : 
ne), had we found any thing like uniformity s among botanists 


L 


or wing; the testa crustaceous.—DIERVILLA proper 
m 


- D. trifida (Meench) : UN oblong-ovate, acuminate, on short seem 
glabrous or somewhat ha n the veins beneath ; peduncles 1-3-(mostl 
ered ; capsule affi at the summit, crowned with the subulate-set- 
cadiensis PE cosa 


-) OW 
aceous teeth of the calyx. LEN meth. 
&c. Tourn.; Duham. arb. 1. D. Toa nefonti. Miche 1f 107 ; 
Torr. ! A. E. p: E. D. EA Pers. syn. 1. p. 3 Canadensis, e 
hus Biget Q Bot ed p09; D T. 4. po 

Darlingt.! fl. curi p. er ep 


. Willd. enum. 1. p. 
330; k.!.fl. Bor.- 
ET. p JL 1. p. Ts Losers Diervilla Linn.! mat. med. p. 62, s 
" voté es “early — rather yap serrate. sess (e 
c Rocke 8, Canada ! an nd fr om Newfoundland ptas Bale 
the Roe! Ne ains. Nonhórm and Middle States! pe along the higher 
> sae Mea Casita. B. 2: the Black Mountains, North C Am. 
_. M.A. Curtis !—May-June. Stem 2-4 feet high, bn ched. Lea 
inches Jong.. Rach ios the wd of the upper leaves, rather long 
ral flower emp iud ceres ones pedicellate. racte- 5 
. Corolla greenish-yellow, about three- E: 
ens 


< . the petioles : the 
oles stfbülate, dioner than the ov 


— of an inch 


^ « good on 
. adoption of some one among the later names - 


of the seed scr es i: 
S i TRIOSTEUM. Limn.; Gaertn. ft 55 
^ Calyx-tube ovi FE ` the se se gments dA 5-parted limb linear-lanceolate, fo- 
liaceous, persistent, Ci : orolla- tubular, gibbous at the base, somewhat equally 

- ^. 5-lobed, a little longer than the calyx. Stamens 5, incl Ovary 3- 
* s (rarely 4—5-) celled, with a sin, nonu ovale suspen ndedfrom the sum- 

- mit of each cell: style included goctntate, somefvhat3-lobed. Fruit  — 

= drupaceous, rather dry, A cm n-obove obscurely 3-(5-) sided, containing e 7 


Lam. ill. t. 150. 


Cu 


d ug Dr. Tinker’s-weed. 


E 
fe Shady planen, Virginia and North Carolina! to Louisiana! Arkansas ^ 


ue 


E T3 SAMBUCUS. Tes Lone; ed d Lam. ill. t. 9311. 3 


E. = 7 


12 CAPRIF OLIACE;E. TRIOSTEUM. 
clustered ; or rarely (by the reduction of the leaves) verticillate in a terminal E 
raceme. E 
T. perfoliatum (Linn.):1 ‘stem hina zn "esed soft viscous hairs; €i 
, ab th - 


base, velvety Pu 
bescent beneath, somewhat hair iry Kis Tower all brown a s. x sess m 


art. 
! 245 ; * Sweet, Brit e gard. iet. 45; 
Pastas! n Cest. p . 159. E majus, „Michx. ! Atl ee oper 
mum, Dill. Elth. i 293, f. 378 
Shady rocky places, dna soil, PUE, the Northern, Middle, and 
Western States! and al e mountains of the Southern States. Ma 
t 


be escent A be rounded. Fi aie Du Meaty. 5 tyle E EA T ‘raft hal 


inch long, pubescent, orange-color r (not purple when mature, as desc ad b »1 
Push, Fanok & DC.), crowned E: the fi vem Aprende D of the - 
calyx: nucules marked with 3 strong ribs and 4 ves on the back, k, and 
with 2 grooves and a central projection on the face. The leav: re some- 

times more or e sinuate, w which is noticed by De Candoll a ( : 
A Meee specimens of this form in the herbarium of t ge Mr E 
wae init e root is reputed to B be emetic and cathartic, and | 


thë pli 3 
csi in the popo Ps ed der the name of Homes i 
Bän. Ferer- "snl LO 


i bispid t ;, Med lanceolate or Fabio: 
escent or almost glabrou 


mi 'ubes beneath, hir- = 
sute above; the e (ochroleucous) mostly tt: in the axils, sessile or = ‘ 
somew ulate.— inn- 11 oe 6 (pl. corem ys E z 


A 37; 


Pursh, L c er DG! SEES 4. p. 3 
ELE e Periclymenum hoste 


T.m 
ceum, &c. Pluk. A ss 287, t. "1047 


nd Missouri! May-June.—A smaller mrs than the preceding, with me 
. Yohes of the ochroleucous UA deep n proportion, the tube less gibbous - "n à 


at the base, &c. It probably has the same properties as T. perfoliatum, and 
- bears the same popular names. dede - received it under the name of _ 


Trege II. SAMBUCE Æ. Kunth. 


se agg à age rotate, or Sy somewhat 
doc 


ndocarp of the fruit crust 
Tess of the — ae $ = raphe 


A Be upying P inner 


£ 
gt 
T 


on the beo AE a on Ds ise, each co containing a suspended 
Shrubs or or perennial =? odor. emerge 


-a 


1 
A 
an 


e 
* 
* ES 
E A j 
v» E 
Fa 


SAMBUCUS. CAPRIFOLIACE E. 13 
~ nately divided ; the leaflets or divisions strade or incised, often pseudo-sti- 
pellate, or with 2 glands at the base of each pair. Cymes ——- yy. 
soid orfastigiate. Flowers whites or sometimes reddish.— 
R iaai ner, and most subsequent ^. except Kunth, have described the fruit 
& et this genus yS a pepper berry ; the nucules being taken for seeds. 


s ST S. ‘bens (Miehx.): stem shrubby; leaves pinnately 5-7-foliolate ; oc: 
leaflets ovate-lanceola ate, acuminate, the lower surface and the petioles pubes- 


cent; thyrsus ovoid or pyramidal, rather loose.— Mich ! Jt l. p. 181; 
Torr. ! fl. 1. p. 321; DC.! prodr. 4. p. 393; Bongard! veg. Sitcha, in 
mem. acad. St. os. ues 6) 2. p. 144 S5 escens, Pers. syn. 1. p. 
. 328; Pursh, t ; Ell. sk. 1. p. "368: "S. racemosa, "Hook k.! f 
3 Bor.- Am. 1. 
. -T p. leucoca white 
ey. HR i. leaflets 7-9, ta serratures longer and narrower; 
. anthers Jarge-— S. arborescens, Mm S. racemosa 8. Hook. ! l.c X 


a 
c. Canada! from Hee —€— and Notita 
* E. Estates! 1o ics of Carolina! Bites a the Rocky Mountains, Ore- 


a . gon! and Sitcha, Gerd var ic 2d as skill Mountains, Mr. J. Hog 4 
— May; the fruit mature in Ju dues em 2-10 feet high, sometimes 
Eis odi d i cp of 3 by ide at the base; the branches often warty. 
y pubescent es young seldom spelléts. Thyrsus about 3 
1 ong. Berries scarlet.—Hooker, perhaps with good reason, unites this 
ecies with the S. ndi d (c. We have ee 

= anit, arborescent, and at ast 18 feet high. $e 


2. S. Canadensis (Linn.) : stem suffrutescenty leaves pitate 7-1l-fo- ~ 
T liolate ; leaflets oblong or wat atumia glabro ep 5 Ra FO on 
_ the midrib ; the lower ones often 3 pare cymes vrbc il le 5-part 
—Li ; : y. 281 ; de zE p. 203; Ell. 
; Tom #. 1. p. 3215 DOE odr. 4. p H. f ' Bor.- 
a Darling. FA. Cest. p a ane arbust. p. 


. nat. p. 13. 
s Thickets ud: aoo eee in rich soil, throughout the United States! and 
= Canada! June-Ju uly. —Stem 5-10 feet high, stout, bas with pith. Leaflets 
s$ * hot unfrequently furnished with d stipellate appendages. Cymes 
i K- nches in diameter; the flowers pur s hi. Berries small, dark 
= or BATY Pes When mature}; Tube deep enge D S. ni- 
ex un" of Europe.— Common Elder. 5 
* 83. S. glauca at ! P: «somewhat arborescent, e leaves 
pinnate ; leaflets airs, lanceolate, acuminate, sharply serrulate, undi- 
vided; cy megane g reading; t (black) very glaucous. S 
aem ME near the Blue Mountains: common.—Berries re- 
“sembling i in taste X S SPER necne to which this species is allied. Nut — — 
-— We can scarcel distinguish this species from S. = adensis. P 
o3 VIBURNUM. Linn.; Gaertn. fer: Dc. ass 4. p.393. - 
l- A 53 IE 
^- ^ Limb of the calyx 5-toothéd. C lla rotate, s hat tubul 
orcampanulate, 5-lobed. Stamens 5. Ovary 1—3-celled ; -celled ; one -: the cel cells 
containing a single aa the others abortive: sessile. 
: Fruit drup -seeded, with a thin pulp; the endocarp ee m 
yerusaceoó, monly compressed: See conformed to the cavi- : 
; the testa €—— ren minute at the ex- 


~ 


"m 
A 


i 

yat E A 23 

3 "is 
3 DAN 


: E CAPRIFOLIACE.E. = ‘Vinvasom, 


tremity of the fleshy aiburcón diri or rame trees, with petioled undi- ^ 
vided or lobed leaves. Petioles sometimes furnished with appendages ex- 


actly similar to stipules. Flowers white, in terminal cymes; the marg à 
. ones sometimes sterile ee im x 


§ 1. Flowers all saila MSS: corolla rotate. Meo 
* Leaves enti, serrate, toothed. : ; 
udum (Linn.): leaves somewhat coriaceous, oval, inp, orlan- .. 


1 

k 

V. n : 

= oue. dotted beneath with brownish scales, glabrous: above; the margin | E 
crenulate or entire ; petiole somewhat margine ed ; cymes pedunculate ; fruit. E 


~~ id. 
a. Claytoni : leaves broadly oval, oblong-obovate, or oblong, obtuse or 
- slightly ake, entire or obscurely crenulate ; ; the veins s rather prominent | 
. beneath.—V. nudum, Linn. ! spec. 1. p. 268 (pl. ^ — ny * bern ic t 
we 974," — : ne hi P 1487 ; Mi a ! fl. 1. p. 178 7 Bot. m ks i^g .998P:5 
Ell: sk. 1. p..3 Torr. ! fl. 1. p. 319; Bigel. fl. be ed. 2. .p.116; DCL i 
AeA Eq n Dolini, Jl. Cest. p. 203. V. squamatum, Wats. dendr. 3 
"it Hs. 


B. an ddl ‘fol ium: leaves lanceolate and dhlong-laneeolate, often es en- E. 
*" tire or obscurely crenulate- pris ai the veins slight] ominent beneath. — ' 


eg nitidum, Ait. Kew. ( ed.) Y. p.371? V. pyracanthifolia, Sekei í ; a 


noides : leaves ovate, slightly obovate, or oblong, eae sbroply e 

Ll acuminate, oe = tt er te-acizate or undulate ; the veins not prom E. 
th.—V. cas noides, Linn. ! pec: edo 35 P 384 e a uv xcept of = 

am.) ; Pursh, fl. 1 p. 202 ; DC! prodr. 4. p. 326 of Mich. V. a 
um, Hook.! fl lium Pursh, [eA 


* j i d.c = " 
ps, a. Massachusetts and. idees part oi of New Yo rk! to Florida! p 
: i orth Carolin Orleans! y- 
Northern portion of Pe ee and New York! to Ne Saskateha* 
-Jun 


: Sing blackish in drying; the se iei at first. clot 
Lp dots, the upper at length somew Fi shining. : Cyme as e a 

- in the Laurustina (V. Tinus): peduncle 1-2 swg ae Fruit about 34 — 

a lines long, beue compressed; darkeblue, w ih a glaucous bloom, point P 

.Sweetish and e when ripe; the n nucleus or stone (seed of some autho * 

compressed, slightly convex on side, and with a shallow poos on 

—Our ei 8. is only a narrow-leaved form of V. nudum: the more 

hern pl ht is the original . cassiboides) appears persis 

= ; bus can find no gentis nt Characters 2 which to d dis- - 


v P. prunifolium MERO leaves. obiil oval; broadl S ovate. E 
d bo coriaceo-m: ranaceous, obtuse or with a slight a oa point 
We serrate wi with appressed or- uüñcinate teeth, iol a sli 
. ai cym 


t i Hook. Ù c. " Decii i Ls. V.Can- - 
UM. pyrifolium, Poir. dict. 5. p. 65: 2 
odr. 4. p. 325. Mespilus j p = 


e ^) 
VIBURNUM. | CAPRIFOLIACE E. . 15 


B. ferrugineum : lower E of the petiole and midrib when young 
— with reddish-brown wool. 
— and thickets, Canada? and Southern gt of New York! and 
od ylvania! to Georgia. $. N. Carolina! and Geo picid bin ca. 
and renkan May. —Shrub pe arly fect high with 3 


merous a 
_ branches or spur. eaves ne cs Dn mostly pikes ; one 
_ “petiole more d rise in ie d u hake about 


w 


half an inch long; 
tomentum,.which consists o chatt-like la E e: rat roper = 
hairs. Cyme ee 3 in thal a ameter. Fru arly half an inet long 


. (in B. more roundish than in the northern mes bluish- black when ripe,” 
k 


* glàucous, - ssed: the nucleus much compressed.— Black Haw. Sloe. ` 


3. VF. go (Linn.): leaves ovate, conspienously acuminate, finely - 
serrate vid pes slightly sects teeth, somewhat membranaceous, g 
brous; the lower surface’ and particularly ihe midrib and (undulate) mar- ; 
ene) rue tess with DR sem when young; cymes sessile ; fruit ` 

—Lin 


te! fl. 1.0. 178 ; JL. sk l. p. 3653 i 


Wate Jeudi. Brit. à 21; x^ XE l. p. id; Bigel. Jt. ze. ed. 9. p. 
116; DC.! prodr. 4. p. 325 ; Hook. l. c ; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 395. 

Woods and banks of streams, Cicada! (from the Saskatchawan) and 

eee the Northern Sang to Kentucky ! and the mountains of Geor- 

ay.—Tree 15-20 feet high. Leaves usually kia d ovate or oval, 

ost 3 inches long, so «P ins slightly cordate ; ; the petiole 6-8 lines s long, 

sometimes covered, as well as the midrib, with rusty scales. C yes widely 

á spre. edens somewhat compressed, half an inch long, PUE 

us bloom; the pulp- 


iroad Sp i flat on both sides. EC * 


4. V. obovatum (Walt.): leaves obovate or Emene tovar, (small) gla- 
brous, somewh coriaceou above, m ostly obtuse, entire, or often 


` acutely denticulate the mi ; cymes sessile ; fruit o TM 


LI E t. Car. B. 116; Poir. dict. 5. p. ses on Pe ep. 201 


į Lodd. bot. . 1476; E . 926. 
cassinoides, Mill. diet. no. 9? (not of ES Los 7 pe * p- 1491 
(excl. 2g & enum. p. 3975; Michz. 7! fl. 1. p.179. V. levigatum, Ait. 
H 


- « Kew. (ed. 1.) 1. p. 371; Willd. a 1. p. 1492, & enum. l.c. ; Pursh, fl. 1. 
sk. 1. p. 367; DC. l.c 


a 2 
— "Shady banks of “river 8, "&c. Vir rginia to Georgia! and Flo April- i 
May.—Shrub 2-8 feet high, with numerous branches, which are id when 


young with minute scales. Leaves 1-14 inch 1 and 3-8 lin oltm z 
short petioles, often ppt dues beheath; thos of the flo EIE bran 


ticulate or toothed. o. sm coal Fruit about one-third of an inch Mong 
pact ee ~~ Ss black, veetish.— Readily Rr by its 
ll and 


5. F. cd i: j; ledives s elliptical, with 3-5 parallel veins, obtuse 
eat chiefly towards the summit ; the lower surface, particularly 
s, Ms s irsu! iole short; ous pedunculate, dense ry 
glabrous ; fruit oval-globose (black). Hook. fi. Bor.- 


var. p. clothed with ecidinoad saath ‘pubescence iu 


AM 
t. go 


%, 


mls 


| f the P y oe Nuttall !—. Soe hae Ee 


j. j: leaves E dsl orm. ofien sl 
acute or somewhat acuminate, 


a s = A. - 
2e 2-0 e OAPRIFOLIXAGEX. VIBURNUM. 


ad. 


Re 


cate from the strong and nearly simple straight veins, glabrous and shining 
above, pale b eneath, with tufts of villous hairs in the axils of the veins, sagi 
ly a cilistesey ine s pedunculate, n nearly glabrous; fruit small, globos ; 
ovoid ; the nucleu Hes ee or excavated on one side and obtusely ridged a | 
the other.— Linn. À spec. 1. 2 968 ; Jacq. hort. M y 1.1. 36 ; Pursh, fle 2 


= E p.2 ! fl. 3. p. 319; DC. ! prodr.4. p. 3 Hook. fl. Bor.- Am. 


fu E 

RE 200; During tA "est. p.203. V.d dentatum var. uiu Ait. Kew. P 

(ed. 1) 1. p we x rar, glabellum, . mn ichz. p | 
p.? mini ie 


g Mincule phy pedunclesscabrous and o airy; 
^" leaves — large) ph Banda o ovate, coarsely and r: y 


toothed, pubescent Beneath i viser ed De dielos S kj dentatum 
(a. E Ee HR ped Ff 179; out € 1. Noh 
nds; a. T Cual Northern States ! to Vir- 
sink E. $. Caroling pe Georgia! to Florida! and. ana! June 
Marc 'h-May. —Shrub kem. feet high (the wood hard), with itas) angular 
ray branches; the young vigorous shoots — and slender. Fruit deep 
blue, or bluish- "black when See's ripe, with very little pulp: nucleus with a 
deep cea groo one side, and the idi incurved, so that the 
'transv s somew what reniform ; baj Sio there are two shal- 
ed grooves, and the A carcely incurved.— orthern plant is very 
niform in appearance : e leaves are 2-3 TERN long one of- 
son n of madia fé same vh, with strong simply-forked veins, and qui te gla- 
brous, except the tufts in the axils of the veins, and a few scattered hairs on | 


e young petioles and veins beneath; the peduncle is 2 or 3 inches in length; - 
and th e ut 3 li ong. Butin Pennsylvania cid same plant be-  — 
comes more pubescent; a few scattered hairs often appearing on the upper  — 
surface of the leaves, while the young petioles and pe Beevi are clothed with .— 

parate or fasciculate hairs. still more pube t plant abounds in the 


irs, in par T 
ch is and the drupes 4 lines in Me i» This may very Deos 
stinc a but we are unable to istinguish i it LE A 


y te s (Pursh): leaves ovate or oval-oblong, acuminate, coarsely 
geen often somewhat cordate, appearing stightly plicate m the straight 
sparingly branched veins, somewhat hairy a above; the lower surface, with 
the v short petioles, villous-tomentose or velvety ; cyme S pedintniakd 
~ari mer fruit (small) oblon er the much compressed nucleus Eu 

side and mend ng ged on the other — Pursh. 1. 


id. the habitat. win rf. » p. 320; DC. f prodr. 4. p. ees 
Hook. fl. Bor.- Am Vv dentatum va V agg nag Ait. Kew. 
ag 1) 3. a 168. vi bon var. semitomentosu icht. l l. c. parte 


ly. V. um, Raf.in med. m (hex. 2) 5. 361 1808); in Dos 
A T Aio ) 5. p. 361 (1808); & i 


. 228; not of . tomentosum, Raf. l. c. (18 08) 


r.) nesquianum, Schult. syst. 6. p. 630° 
P anks, Canada (from Lake Winipeg) and po ait di ; 
New York! also near We ! New Jersey, Beck ! and the mountainous - 
ns Carolina, Schweinitz! June.— rib 9-3 feet igh, with — 
ees branches. Leaves about 2 inches erg nearly glabrous. above 
t . Pedunele at first shorter than the cyme, but mos ostly elongated m. | 
fit. Flower fewer and larger than in V. de m. Fruit 3 lines long ; 
Perhaps the plant which Purs en Aiton, . 
ur V. dentatum £. scabrell The present | 


Southern States pale. the mountains ; but certainly . 
ginia and e ' "The plant 
Colin 


x 


bay 4 ^^ ed rt e AER" 


VIBURNUM. CAPRIFOLIACE/E. | " 17 Z 
* * Leaves lobed or incised. 
V. acerifolium (Linn.): leaves roundish or broadly ovate, mostly sub- -= 
E e, 3-ribbed from the CL. 3-lobed, c Gods and unequally toothed, e 
pe s arcos beneath; e lobes dive ie and mostly acuminate; petio t 
(wi e ) pube d somewhat — 
hirsute furnished near t ria e base it ra setaceous stipuliform appendages ; 
po ed; stamens much exserted.— Linn. ! 
Eis d p Cels. t. 272; Michx. ! . P- 
4: von dendr. Brit. 1.1. 118; 
Torr. ! fi. 1. p. 390 ; mad fl. Bost. ‘ed. 2 2. "A 116; DC.! nes 4. p. 397; 
Hook.! fl. Bor.- Am. l. p. e (pa zy) - Dorngt. x Cest. 
i n s, Can ! and dare throughout 


ERA in E Oed pos une.—Shrub 3-5 fee 
r md 


clothed both with a very short soft  pubeece nce, and with slender rather ap- 
pressed hirsute hairs. Less aves 2—5 inche es in diameter, membran pei ]a- 
brous or sparsely hairy above, often bg dotted beneath ; the soft close 
imei nce of the lower surface ste eduncle about 2 inches slong; the 
loose cyme 2-3 inches broad. Corolla. often rel € with rose-color 
Drips broadly oval, 3-4 lines long, nearly bla ripe: the nuc dléba 
with 2 obtuse ecu on one side, and 2 csi e QE grooves on the 
other. sheets ood. 


eens (Pylaie! herb.) : Veo and petioles glabrous or ~~ 
im vit: leave roundish, seldom subcordate, slightly 3-lobed or incised at x: 
the summit, mostly 5-nerved from the base, unequally serrate, sparsely pu- 


e j 
cymes (small and simple) Vi aei terminating the very short lateral 
branches; llc much shorter than. the corolla. E ey. sceniphane Bon- 


gard! veg. Sitcha, l. c. p. 144, tesi E 
Newfoundland, Pila Be &c. White ? mcm of New Hamia ind : 
on Mansfield Mountain, Vermont, Mr. Tuckerman! & Mr. W. F. Maerae! E 
Probably also in Oregon and in Deed from sect ps feet high. © 
ves 1-2 inches in diameter, nearly glabrous, or more or less pubescent 
on the veins v the lower € ace (the ami p aene: ae lobes often ob- — 
scure. Cymes seldom nch in diameter. Anthers on very i 
ments, not VEG yest Bie tube of ‘te corolla. Fruit unknown.—For 
specimens «de plant, we are indebted to the o ing botanists who first 
M3 $ .the United States (Mr. Macrae of Montreal and Mr. 
Boston), who 3 directi our nom p the gai which 


ucker * 
clearly disti ingùish them find from = notes upon La Pylaie’s collec- 
tion in Newfoundland, that he had given he same plant the “pe 
name which we have — A Canoe it wili be seen, has referred Py- 
laie’s lant to V. acerifolium 
small collection made by a à British JasE-urtevor, and given to us by A. B. 
ambert, Esq. of London. The V. acerifolium of Bongard, veg. Sitcha, ~ 
appears to belong to,or include this species: but if we mistake not, we 
ave a fragment of the true V. acerifolium from Oregon.—The leaves nenii- 
1 | blac kish in drying 


T3 Cynes radiant ; ; the marginal flowers much larger than de others, 
and neutr al.—O»Pvrus, Tourn., DC. 


fos + 


* eus 78 us Me S rush € leaves sed 


= X CAPRIFOLIACE E. VIBURNUM. 
* ae 
red.—Linn. spec. 1. p. 268; Fl. Dan. t. 661; Engl. bot. t. 322; DC. prodr. 
4. p. 328. Opulus Handuosn s, Mench, meth. p. 
B. Americanum (Ait.) : [eme remotely and rather obtusely toothed.— Ait. 
Kew. (ed. 1)1. p. 373. V. dq Marsh. arbust. p. V. Opulus £. 
Pimina & y. edule, Michz.! fl. 1 180. DE oris Aat Le P. 32. —H 
V. "uy quam & V. edule, Pursh, T. 1. p. 903; Torr. ! ; DC. -& 
res . p. 328; Hook. fl. Bor. -Am. 1. > 281 ; ibdubon, p P Amer. 4 


Èl 
= jg mU (Hook.) : eva somewhat incised, very pubescent 
—— Hook. l. c. under V. Oxycoccus. 
mps and Ts streams, from the puc partof Pennsylvania, New- — - 
York! and the pi d Dee gland States! to the Arctic Circle and the Rocky — - 
p. Oregon, Dr. Scouler, Douglas. May-June.—Shrub 3-10 — - 
feet high, ^ gl ud gray HOME Renier Leaves 3—5 inches long, : 
with divaricate lobes ; the base either truncate or somewhat acute ; the low- 
er sprinkled with hairs : petiole often ih prede Em appendages.  — 
yme 3-4 inches in diameter; the sterile flowers few ually numerous, j 
very large. Stamens exserted. Fruit nearly half an ela length, juicy, 
of a User y taste when ripe, often employed as a substitute for cran- 
rries.— no constant or Steen characters to di stinguish our plant 
from the V. o gias of Europe; a garden variety of which, with the flowers 
all sterile, is the well-known Show. ‘ball Bush. Our plant is called Cranber- 
ry Bush, or High Cranberry. 


11. V. lantanoides (Michx.): leaves s emmgenlen 2352 cordate, abruptly 
acuminate, finely and unequally or doubly serrate, membranaceous; the 
* ower surface, and especially the prominent rds ne the a 

with a pulverulent partly deciduo sa Tusty stellate pubescence; cymes ses- a 


Ww 
o 
E 
n-| 
5 
EB. 


- 
a 


sile; the exterior flowers sterile and very large; fruit ovoid; the nucleus” sig 
wäh a longitudinal groove on each eur bud > ae A d Pursh, fl. - 
1. p. 202; Torr: ! 

2 


PE s E Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 117; DC. prodr. 

ES p. 280 v. Tae antana f. enc. ie 

E Lantana " Canade emi, Pens. syn. 1. p. 327. V. grandifo- 
uth es, cycl. 


"wood 
and Now Y and along t o Alleghany Taboa to Virginia: May- i 
June.—A i uy straggling cmm with the branches often. procumbent. a 
Leaves and inflorescence appearing from the same large buds, every part of 
the newly developed bra deco 
which under a lens appears 


dt 


merous primary veins S aisse beneath, running nearly straight 

ehe midrib to the margin, sending off a few unilateral branches; the 
very numerous secondary veins passing between ipi phan at right angles, 
dir beautiful transverse reticulations. Cym arge and loose, flat: the — 
radiant rig flowers an inch in diameter. ^de neatly black when ripe.— E 


—. Hobble-bus 


a 12. F. molle (Michx.) : leaves pies tt ee pna 
` toc ; nearly tomentose with a soft pubescence und $e Epe etioles - | 

somewhat glandular; (cymes baee 7) fruit diletür-ctite.- an pe HM E 
P E 1. p. 203. ifoli . arb 


around Danville, Michaux! ** Bark foni: d y = 
he specimen of Michaux’s barbaran is in fruit , and 
e that the cymes were radiant; the leaves are crenately | 
at resemble one form of V. dent n A scabrellum. 
ing of Michaux’s refers to it the u e 
"We quote Mar 


š 


VIBURNUM. RUBIACEÆ. i 19 


Domos s account re and commend this obscure —€— to the botanists of 
l 


Kentucky, Ten esser, &c. “ This grows natural n Carolina and other 


edges, strongly veined, and ‘pla m Seaman on ane foot-stálke. The 
flowers ss collected in large cymes or umbels at the ends of the branches; 
those ranged on the border are — but the centre is filled with hermaphro- 
dite flowers, which are succeeded by pretty large oval berries, red-colored 
when ripe." Marsh. arbust. pe p. 162. 


Oroer LXXII. RUBIACEJE. Juss. — 


Tube of the calyx adherent to the ovary, or rarely partly or almost 
completely free ; the limb mostly 4—5-cleft or toothed, sometimes ob- 
solete. Corolla inserted upon the summit of the calyx-tube, com- 
posed of as many united petals as there are lobes of the calyx, valvate, 
imbricate, or somewhat contorted in æstivation. Stamens inserted 
into the tube of the corolla, equal in number and alternate with its 
lobes (or very rarely fewer): anthers introrse. Ovary 2-(rarely 3- 
several-) celled, with 1-many ovules in each cell : style single or part- 
ly divided: stigmas distinct or concrete. Fruit capsular, drupaceous, 
baccate, or separable into indehiscent carpels. Seeds anatropous or 
amphitropous, solitary, few, or numerous in each cell. Embryo 
straight or slightly curved, in the axis or at the extremity of copious 
densely fleshy or horny albumen-—Trees, shrubs, or herbs, with op- 
posite, or rarely verticillate, entire leaves. Stipules between the pe- 
tioles, sometimes simulating the leaves. Flowers regular. Inflores- 
cence various, 


 SvBonDER I. STELLAT E. 3 
Leaves apparently aere really ?) verticillate ; ; fe € whorls 


vat a a upposed to consist of a pair of leaves and 1 leaf-shaped 
ei on each side, which however are only to be distinguished from 
true leaves by their never bearing buds in their axils. — /Estivation of 


ube of the 
calyx. Fruit vibe cen of 2 united indehiscent (dry or baccate) 1- 
erbs, or rarely suffruticose plants, chiefly natives of 

temperate or m regions. E 


E GALIUM. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 60 ; Gertn. fr. t. 24; A. Rich. Ru ic 
in mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 133 ; Endl. gen. de 509r. X 


se or oblong ; the limb obsolete. Co 
ns as many as the lobes of th 
Es ài 


E 


£ RUBIACE Æ. terg GALIUM. 


; Styles 2, united at the`base: stigmas globose. Frič “stasis dry or 
sometimes fleshy, separable when ripe into 2 indehiscent 1-seeded carpels. 
Albumen horny.—Herbaceous or very rarely suffrutescent plants, with tetra- 

_gonal stems ; the root frequently containing a red coloring matter. Flowers 
(rarely polygamous) small, axillary or terminal, 2b or rarely solita- 
ry ; the cymules often paniculate.— Cleavers. Bed-stra 


$ 1. Root annual.—A parine, DC. 


1. G. Aparine (Linn.) : stem weak, ee rr retrorsely aculeo a 
pid, hairy about the nodes; leaves mostly 8 whorl, oe 
apiculate ; the margin and keel aculeolate ; : sii cele elongated, axillary, 

~ - 1-2-flowered ; fruit large. very hispid with hooked bristles.— Linn. Aes 1. op 

108; Engl. bot. t. 816; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 103; Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 
Torr.! fl. 1. p. 166; os ! prodr. 4. p. 608; Hook. fl. Bor.- Am. 1. p. 290; 

ingt.! fl. Cest. p. 10 

Eos Shady thickets Ee vet of woods, Canada and northern — Also 

in Oregon, Douglas, Dr. Scouler. May-June.—Ste feet long, 

E Ios! in eti whorls, 1-2 inches in length, and 2-3 Ties vide ar 

he base, 


rs w ger than in m 
ori s of the genus This plant ee perhaps been mue cg from 


p Californicum (Hook. & Arn.): — ei hairy throughout ; stems 
ander diffuse, branched from the base; lea 


iua whorl, a 
or mucronate; peduncles nearly terminal, a dace, much longer than . 
le lo 


the leaves; s of the corolla ovate ety acute ; ovary glabrous.— Hook, 
6 Ar . 349. ^ 


gpeteasas ovary hairy. 


^ Nuttall! ( a. § B.) y. Texas, Drummon 
Ph span high. Leaves at jengi mue x shorter than the le 
nodes, about 4 lines long, 1-nerved, appearing reticulate-veined by transmit- 
i ight. ers pol ve 3, greenish or yellowish-green” (Nutt ty: 
the corolla large for the size of the plant. i ras cles ss pedicels ene 
the -a BUS longer had the flowers.—The 


. 
de 
a 
> 
= 

g 
zd 
z 
EI 
P. 
3 

m 

a 

E 

= 
2 


8. may. only the fer- 
tile plant : the fruit is unknown. The Californian plant is pro abiy pee 
Staged is certainly the case gm that from Tex specimens of the 

e imma 


ture, not even in flower; bat iir ‘doubles belong to this 

3. G. virga atum (Nutt. ! mss.) : stems VK simple or branched from the 

base, hispid or almost Paon; ; leaves 4 in a whorl, oblong-lanceolate, his- 

Tle sory rather obtuse, much shorter than the i ern odes ; peduncles ax- 

Rota short, bitiréoteolate, 1 1-flowered ; fruit deflexed, hispid with unci- 

E ern fruit glabrous; stem almost glabrous.—G. nutans, Nutt. / 

ry prairies of Arkansas, Western Louisiana, and Texas, Nuttall ! Dr. 
Leavenworth ! tcher! Dr. Engelmann! Dr. Hale! ^ Drummond !— 

g branches 

one-third of an inch long, thickish, father 

3 b usually -— like the eoe with scattered rigid hai 

or rarel 3 from | horl, extremely short, furni 


tem = inches high, simple 
hei dg the base. L p 


. 3 


+ pall 


hs 


* 


E ^ r2 


GALIUM. _ es RUBIACE XE. 


large as those of the iiid: and give. a latter the AUAM HÉON of bein 


T. & 
leaved, or fasci Flowers nute, white, nearly sessile within the 


bracts: corolla e $ the lobes Rond rather obtuse. Fruit rather large.— 
Thi thas a different habit fro m any other sce of the United States ; 
but it resembles some species of the following section 


§ 2. Root pereo : fruit fleshy or baccate : peduncles naa bearing 
usually 4 involucrate bracts, one-(rarely 9—3-) flowered.—Relb . 
(Species of Rubia, DC. §c.) 


4. G. hispidulum ege ): stem much — "un minutely hairy 
or i id, the angles what glabrous; leaves whorl, ovate-oblong 
ove mucro onulate, r pen" hispid, especially « on Fie midrib and margins; 
Pidän 1-3-flowered ; the pedicels (at first very short) elongated in fruit; 


Browne), M G. i 
p- 195. G. bis pidum, Pu ni, A l.p Fo Rubia peregrina, Walt. Car. p. 
86. =R. Walteri, DC. / prodr. 


4. p. 590. 
Dry sandy soil, S. Car A lina ! Georgia! and Florida, particularly near the 
Oct 


ocean. May-Oct.—* Root somewhat jointed, saffron-colored." Ell. Stems 
about a foot long. Jona 5-8 lines long, rather rigid, shining above, ap" 
pearing somewhat veiny by transmitted light, both surfaces sprinkled with 
short rigid hairs. Peduncles axillary and icio poc longer than 
the fruit. Corolla (white, Ell), with the lobes acuminate. FRE lor arge, 
smooth, dark-blue or purple.—'l'he G. hispidulum of Weicligice is clearly the 
same plant as amy dois Brownei, described from specimens with unripe 
fruit. The genus Rubia will doubtless be restricted to the pentamerous spe- 
cies, as Spon} by A. Richar 


5. G. uniflorum (Michx.) : pee stems branched at the base, eee 
gent, slender; leaves usually 4 in a D linear, — acute, with sc 
i peduni solitar opposite, iila 
; fruit pedicello, — glabrous, 
0p dint 4. p. 611; 


. 1. p. 48. 
petey t len r soil, S. Ca rolina ! to Florida! and Louisiana ! -July.— 
slen ler, 


reddi sh. Stems vec inches long. Leaves about an inch 


poe 1-2-bracteolate, rarely 


- for ked. Fruit e. fleshy, if not baccate when mature, purple ? 


$3. Root perennial: fruit dry: peduncles 3-many-flowered.— E ugalium, DC, 


* Flowers white or mes s greenish: pe tes axillary or terminal, fw flowered, 
occasionall 


y somewhat c. En c carat dí Ae anchlets. 


+ Suffrutescent: — 
* 
6. G.suffruticosum (Nutt. ! mss.): * bing, oft ffruti 
Mn bar the base of the stem, which is Facately Dr aces and minutely 
Scovel: leaves 4 in a whorl, very short. ovate-oblong, acute, scabrous on 
A aps flowers (polygamous i pidaia, eon and in pe 
nt ‘bre — fruit glabrous. ee 
UN allied to G. tri 


e 


i d E. s 


ne 
» 


€ 


rf 


22 RUBIACE Æ. GALIUM. 


r 


G. 
a gm Kicia obtuse ; Taves in : whorl oblong: linear, eee 
short, rather rigid, the margins and nerve slightly scabrous ; branchlets few- 
flowered ; 2x densely c clothed with very tos ipe gt bristles.—JVutt. ^ mss.; 
DC. prodr. 

B. ban es Lg flowers in s any sessile clusters terminating 
the "ag cda —G.a rre Nut 

St. 


Stem stout ie rigid, a foot or more Du h. L 

whorls, about one-t third of an inch long, shining, t thickis ** Flowers poly- 

gamo-diccious, greenish-white." Nuti. Fruit clothed with aiie pres” 

inp d A: hah are longer than the ogee scot G. ach is plant, to 
ric 


riocarpum, Mucha are ees Chilian en 


T t Herbaceous. 


G. trifidum (Linn.) : stem flaccid, decumbent or ascending, branching ; 
a. angles retrorsely scabrous ; leaves in whorls of 4-6 (the € frequently 
' upper 4-5 o and 


5 or 6, the 4-5), linear or oblanceolate, bdo 2 mid- 
rib minutely (often retrorsely) aculeolate-scabrous Buis axillary an 
terminal, 1-3-flowered ; lobes of the — Mares vw v stamens of- 
ten 3; fruit glabrous and even.— Lin . Dan. t 48 ; 
ahl. fl. Lapp. p. 47; Pursh, fl. 1 105; dor ! gr 
Bost. ed ; DC.! prodr. 4. p & Schlecht. in Linnea, 
4. p. 221; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. G- Claytoni, Michr.! fl. ; 
Rich ppr. Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. 4; Ho Bor.-Am. 1. p. 
288. Aparine joan &c. Clayt.! (Gronov. fl. Virg. ed. 2. p. 18.) 
- tine : m (usually sanee scarcely or not at all eos lobes 
the corolla oe stamens mostly 4.—G. tinctorium, Linn. l. c. ; Pursh, 


LerJwrtie: DOM c "Darling t. fl. Cest. p. 100. G. trifidum, 


fill. sk. 1. p. 194? 
Y. latifoltum (Torr.): stem diffuse DP abrous: leaves Es or ob- 
e margins and midrib manifestly ilt scabros —Torr.! fl. 1 
65>. G. obtusum, Bige. Jl- Bost 

_ Swamps and moist low grounds, Cait dio lat. 68°) to Virginia nia! S. 
Carolina and Western Louisiana! and from Newfoundland! to “Oregon! 
Unalaschka, and Sitcha ; algi in p fonifomis (Nuttall June-July.—Stem 
inches to 2 feet in length, e ung, branched, at length diffuse z 
reclined. Leaves- en ae ge treet 5-10 lines long, often less 
than a line wide, varying up to 3 or 4 lines wide, in var. y. rather membran- 


aceous, narrowed at the ba: Flowers very small, white. Pedicels of the 
fruit slender.—A yey diffused and very variable species; the various 
forms of which are so blended, that we think no botanist, bac dn a full — p 


specimens, will succeed m distinguishing two or more s ecie 
lwarf state, growing in northern sphagnous swamps, w which mentee scanio 
to differ from the G. palustre except in the sonra angles of the stem: this 
form is also a native of the north of Eur ave another — from 
ORE dece ced has probably referred to G. tinctorium), which much 
resembles rellum in its numerous flowers and very n hune kie and 
e var. y. mori u i 


st 
grows in drier soil: the margins of the leaves are almost ciliate, while 
the angles of the o character can be derived from the di- 


rection of the very minute Dx whack fringe the margin of the leaves: ; 
e i 


they. umes s on one margin and downwards on 


other. "The var. 3. as well as. - have usually larger fruit. ‘The leaves are E 
. apt to turn blackish in ng verd ee M m 


D 


UU ERG 


TA VES 


GALIUM. RUBIACEÆ. 23 


9. G. concinnum: stems diffuse, decumbent, with retrorsely and minutely 
scabrous angles; leaves in whorls of 6 pe tag linear, mucronulate, 1- 
nerved, veinless, glabrous, with upwardly sc s margins; peduncles fili- 
form, often twice or thrice trichotomous, Miehtly | pit niculate at the extremity 
of the branches ; pedicels short; lobes of the corolla acute or acuminate; 
ovary glabrou 

Dry open di jm hill- sides, ys oe os near Ann Arbor! Blue 
Lick, Kentucky, .D hort! May-June.—Stems diffusely — a 
span to a foot high, Bra, very leafy, ribi (sd, as well as the smooth 
and shining leaves: the latter about half an inch lo ong, or a little longor in in 
the Kentucky plant, about a line wide. Flowers very sm 

hite; the peduncles and short pedicels eve capillary We hay 
seen the fruit. The leaves do not turn blac iu od and their adi 
and the angles of the stem are often veri slightly. scabro 


G. €— Say ): stem diffuse, much ee oe ange very 


saath with m rigid retrorse prickles der. 6 (those of the 
branchlets often p or FB) it in a whorl, elliptical or lanc tie mucronate or acu- 
minate, glabrous, — the iab aculeolate- hispid margins and midrib; 

peduncles short, very numerous, crowded or paniculate on the flowering 


bra nchlets,. di- "trichotomons; po filiform, divaricate ; A n piaba or 
«p. 78; h, fl. 1. p. 103; Torr 


icha. ! 
Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. ai; DC.! pes «p. 598; Darlingt. fi. 
Cest. p. 100. G. , Pennsylvanicum, Muhl. cat. p. 15; Willd. mss. in 
E mant. 3. p. 1 G. m emp Pith; 7 1. p. 103? G. spinul- 
m, Raf. pre P tent (814) iba 
Eo ampy thickets, Canada! an a Nor "hern States! common: probably 
also in the mountains of the Southern States. J aara flaccid, usual- 
ly supported o n bushes, and attaining the — of 2 to 5 feet, a herent to 
sb h pric 


1 mall but ex- 
tremely Tainos, pro the bi ya ine the € and pedicels short 
but filiform. Lobes of the corolla acu Fruit. perhaps usually glabrous 
when ripe, but not unfrequently more or gum hispid when young: ; in which 
state it is probably the G. micranthum of Pursh.—There a specimen in 
Elliot''s herbarium, mixed with his G. cuspidatum ; but no lacet is given. 
The leaves usually turn blackish i in drying. 


11. G. triflorum (Michx.) : stem flaccid, ——— or procumbe 


ly somewhat aculeolate-scabrous or slightly hispid on the an uk ding; 
leaves 6 in a whorl, narrowly elliptical or elliptical “lanceolate, acuminate- 
cuspidate, 1-nerved, veiny, glabrous, the margins and sometimes the midrib 


vang ae ciliolate- — or sca bendi peduncles Mary and terminal, most- 
ly 3-flowered at the extremity ; the flowers all pedicellate ; fruit kispid with 
d. hort. Berol. t. 66; Pursh, 


aia reba eM. ichr. ! fi. 1. p. 80; Will fA 
p. 104; Ell sk. 1. p. 197; Torr.! ft. 2c Bigel pn st. ed. 9 gp 

56; D . 601; Hook.! fl. .l. p. 290; Darlingt. 
Cest. p G. cuspidatum, l.! cat. (er herb herb. Willd.) ; 


- Cest. p. 101. : UNS 
Ell.! sk.1. p. 197; DC. l. c. G. brachiatum, Pursh, fl. 1. p. 103. G.. 
suaveolens, Wahl. fl. Lapp. p.48. G. P ennsylvanicum, Bart. compend. fl- 
Philad. 1 ot 83, not of Muhl. 

Moist woodlands, nearly throughout the United States (from Maine! to 
Alabama! and Louisiana!) and Canada! to Oregon! California Reon 
Unalaschka! and Sitcha. Also a native = Lapland, Sweden, nd Russia 

! June 


as far south as Moscow ! -July. m 1-4 feet long, sonetinieg uite - 
smooth and gl. ven on the an, | the br anches short and diverge: 
uen i wk i 
$ >. x P p 
= je Res ous 3 
: A dew 


E. 


24 RUBIACE Æ. oc | 


Leaves membranaceous (sometimes in whorls of 5), eyes at the babes 
varying in size from 2 inches to three-fourths of an inch in length; those of 
the branches more cares “peta cuspidate. Peduncles taker twice tricho- 
tomous. Flowers small, greenish, or greenish-white in open places: th 


hairs.—This plant has a wi (alth 
to considerable diversities, which however we cannot distinguish as varieties. 
The smaller-leaved forms (G. cuspidatum, Ell. &c. ee abound in the Southe ern 
shag It exhales a vanilla-like odor in drying. 


* * Flowers dull hes or brownish: peduncles axillary and terminal, usually 2-3 
times di-trichoton 


12. G. pilosum (Ait.): stem — hirsute or hairy; leaves 4 in 
whorl, oval, mucronulate, ndi inctl rved at se! base, punctate wit 
pe dots, hiy and ciliate ; i sn e" si ra twice or thrice di- mite: 


froit ionis uud x with dio bristles.— Ait. Kew 
peo fi ae 104; Ell. sk. 1 ue 196; Torr. if L Lg 167; Dorlinat. ni 


Bg. uina uon osum : ES das latem, except r^) cilinte margins, — 
glabrous.—G. puncticulosum, Michz.! fl. 1. p. 8 EN Le; ds Ber 
nse, Linn. spec. 1. p. 105, as to syn. Gronov., va not of Pluk. alm. t. 248. 
G. a Pursh. fl.1.p. 104; Ell. t. c? G. stig Es ht Pers. syn. 
1. p. 128. 
Dry ry t and in sterile i mia a: e. nA on Amed, sam, ns 
o Lou 


New York! to Texas! £. vee 
1-2 feet <N Ta m: ges me ana A Ee except p 
short spreading flowering ius n eus pubescence variable degree. 


Lawes about three- bani of an inch lon ng. Flowers ueni cymuloes 
the ultimate divisions of the peduncle 3-flowered. Lobes of the brownish- 
poe mro wes or a ae Pie ius every strongly hispid with white 
ould be muse ag the * Rubia 
ien phy qe. Ie latiore folio, e og etc. of Plu 
13. G. circezans (Michx. ): stem erect. or Mdb d gu smooth, or 
sometimes hairy; leaves 4 in a who dae val or ova e-oblong, mostly obtuse, 
3-nerved, somewhat pubescent, the margin and nerves ciliate ; peduncles 
y once dichotomous, divaricate in fruit, bearing 
rs on extreme y y short lateral pedicels; fruit 
l. syn. G ae pel) a 
i xcl. syn. Gronov.) : Bigel.! fl. Bost. ed. 2. . 
55: DCT ume 4. P y Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. ce pec 
à cat G. boreale, Walt. Car. p. 257. G. cir- 
. 256. 
aes es > laneeolate, or often ovate-lanceolate, rather 
acute.— Torr.! cat. » New York, P ; DC.! l.c. G. lanceolatum, 
E bes Hook. fl. Bor.- she.) -P 280; Darlingt. jl. Cest: p. 102. 9. 
d vy ae . oe D. 


< 
SF 
Hh 
&. 
EN 
im 
zii 
Sm 


{Y= mon Eom: : dwarf ; leaves ES nearly glabrous.—G. Littellii, 


“Rich woodlands, Pae to Florida, Louisiana! Arkansas! m Mis- 
y. Mountains ura Hampshire, Vermont, and New York, Mr. 
Oakes! Mr. W. F. Macrae! Mr. Tuckerman.—Stems 10-18 is ‘high, 
many from the ike ss root, or branched from the base. Leaves lb 9f 
in B. sometimes more than 9 inches long, variable as to pubescence ; 
k 


= 


2 


E: 
d 


| 


EL. 


eel 
ncc 


siloedines pania: — Linn. pe 
ft, 1. p. 169 ; 


Gat RUBIACE X. 25 


lov surface marked with E reari pese dots. The inflores- 
cence assumes a scorpioid form uncles usually fork at the base 
the pedicel of the agree irre ver seldom if ever afterwards : beyond this - 
the sole of the ncle are prolonged genesi bearing a solitary 
almost or quite bi ari or ide] fower each node. Corolla brown- 
ish- pipke (rarely cream-colored !) ; the ‘hia: acuminate- c: Fruit 
clot hed with dense whi 3 bristles.—The leaves of our var. cab said by Dr. 
Darlington, not to have the sweet taste Wek characte 3G. poe 
that plant is usually per ehä aps EA distinct in xim ru : the fre- 
quent in aepye te states seem to forbid their spin on. Wes e out 
var. state ie ha ro growing upon hi h iod but our 
specimens are insu e ae ane are 4-6 inches long, and the leaves 
large in boue —W; il Liq 


14. G. latifolium (Michx a stem erect, smooth; leaves 4 in a whorl, lati- 
Ó acute, 3-nerved, punctate with oblong n lend dots, glabrous; the 
margins and mec he minutely —— vet — axillary and termi- 
ai the short branches, tw or mous, and with the filiform 
pas divaricate o or spreading ; ; fruit (pitiy large) glabrous.—JM ichz. ! fl. 


nutely scabrous.—G. latifolium, Hook, compan. to bot. ma 
t n i 


On the Alleghany Mountains of North and South Carolina, M ichauz ! 
Fraser (in herb. D fG a, Mr. Buck ri (or Arkan- 
nn ly.—Stem t es 


ngelmann! J July. foo e high. Lea 
1-2 inches long, tapering from near the Hae to the apex, rade acute at — 
end; the whorls n distant. lowers violet-purple." Mie 
e have seen the specimens in the lir aria of Michaux and De Candolle, 
but have only recently cde the plant from Mr. Buckley, who states that 


variety from Dr. ng nis in 


* * * Flowers white ; the peduncles disposed in a terminal panicle. 


G. boreale (Linn.): stem erect, straight, smoothish; — 4 ina 
wor, linear-lanceolate, strongly 3-nerved, rather obtuse; panicle el ongated, 
somewhat pyramidal; fruit hispid with short scarcely uncinate hairs, 

s z p- win 


p 
Hook.! fl. Bor.- Am. 1. p. 289; Darlingt. os TM p.103. G. 


Torr.! cat. pl. New York. p. 23. G. septen trionale, tty (— Schult. syst. 3. 
p.253; Bigel.! fl. Bost. ed. 9. p. 5A; DC.! prodr. 4. p. 60 
Woods and 


- aa gon ! 2 feet 

ing, often pubescent at the nodes. Lea s 10-18 lines eg often 

broadly lanceolate, and slightly S ns young in the dodo plant. 
bes of the corolla acute.—' European variety with glabrous 

fruit, and another with the o art is “slightly E ind sparsely hispid: both 

these states occur not unfrequently i untry. 


GE. T rubioides (Lin inn.): stem erect, cr d — leaves 4 in a 
shor dan sng a strongly 3-nerved, scabrou on the m ; pe 
merous, trichotomous,. oaii in a appre rminal fms ed fruit 

aa cae ipo 1. p. 105; dips & Schlecht. in etu 3. p. 220; 

decer tn Hook. § Arn. bot. Beechey, En Hook. fl. Bor.- 
Ta dae elevated soils, under pino trees, in the valley ofthe Oregon, Douglas 

s VOL. I1.—4 * T$ 


Xu 


26 RUBIACER. |. Gauum. 


Kotzebue’s Bound: Capt. Beechey.—This is a deni plant, with the habit of 
G. boreale, but with larger and broader leave Hooker pes that he. has .— 

reeeived specimens of it from the United Bone ‘under the name of G. Bers E 
qnudianum ; but his plant is perhaps G. latifolium. X the authority of — 
Steven, De Candolle mentions a variety with hispid frui 


* * * * Flowers yellow, in dense panicles terminating the branches: fruit “smooth, 


G. verum (Linn.) : stem erect, lpk leaves 8 in a whorl, narrow- 
ly tiea, sakai, scabrous with what revolute margins ; flowers ` 
crowded.— Linn. spec. 1. Be ‘107 os iut ae e "d ; Fl. Dan. t. 11465 
Bigel. ! fl. Bost. ed. 9. p. 5 ; DC. prodr. 4. p. 6 3 

b astures, Roxbu E o Bi, uid f North Bridgewater, - 
oo Mr. Tuckerman ! ! Doubtless introduced from Europe. Jun 
E: 


i Doubtful Species. : 
G. parviflorum (Raf.): stems uem angled, glabrous; leaves in 
whirls of d or 6, linear-lanceolate, very acute, glabro us; flowers paniculate 
(white, minute), v Trag Yerous.— Raf. in ies; repos. (hex. 2) ^ p. 360, T 
in Desv. jour. bot 227. 
Near easi; DoisWare: Rafinesque. 


Sunorver Il. CINCHONEUE. (Order Cinchonacem, Lindl.) 


Leaves opposite, or very rarely verticillate. Stipules one (2 united) : 
or two on each side between the petioles Cuterpeticien) often united | 
with each other or with the petioles, or with both, to " 
shea ivation of the corolla valvate, breed, or contorted. ! 
Ovary hant with the tube of the calyx, or very rare ly with the up- 7 
ben E tropical or subtropical trees or shrubs, rarely | 


# 
Trize I. | SPERMACOCE Æ. Cham. & Schlecht. 


Fruit dry, or — fleshy, composed of 2 (rarely 3 or 4) l.sceded - 3 
carpels; which are sometimes concrete, sometimes separating and in- - 
dehiscent, or ani dehiscent, but never loculicidal. Albumen — 
fleshy or somewhat horny.  JEstivation of the corolla valvate.—Herbs — j 
or shrubs. Stipules membranaceous at the base, usually with severs! ; 
bristles at the apex. ; 


P a 
Subtribe 1. a DC.—Fiowers distinct. Fruit dry, sepata- : 
"- when mature into 2 (rarely 3 or 4) carpels, or sometimes inseparable 


2. SPERMACOCE. Linn. (partly); Gertn. fr. t. 25; Cham. $ Schlecht 

in Linnea, 3. p. 355; DC. prodr. 4. p. 552. | 
. Calyx-tube ovate or turbinate ; de limb 2-4-parted, sometimes with ac- - 
cessory teeth. Corolla hypocrateriform or infundibuliform, 4-lgbed. Sta- - 
mens 4. Stigma 2-cleft or undivided. Fruit dry, crowned with the (some- E 

times obliterated) teeth of the calyx, 2-celled; the 2 one-seeded carpels 
seperate from the UNE downwards ; the one closed by the dissepiment, the — | 
-oblong, peltz 


SpermMacocr. 3 i RUBIACES. i 27 


the face. eT or rarely suffrutescent plants (chiefly tropical), with 

linear, oblong, or roundish leaves. Stipules cohering with both petioles, 

s ncm fringed with several bristles. Flowers small, axillary, sessile, 
wded or in whorls, usually pale blue or white. 


apum acoce, Borreria, and Diodia, differ only in the dehiscence of the fruit: in 
the first, one carpel opens while the other remains closed; in the second, both are 
dehiscent ; in the t , both are indehiscent. 


1. S. glabra (Michx.): herbaceous, perennial, n: glabrous; 
leaves lanceolate ; whorls m any-flowered; calyx 4-toothed ; corolla cam- 
(Hagen menit a little longer than the tyi: very woolly in the 
throat; anthers included, nearly sessile at the — of the e ; style very 
‘short; stig tii’ lobed ; fruit turbinate.—Miche. TAA p 82; Pare JR 

105. 


Banks of rivers, ea eae South Western Sees — see 
Dr. hapma ! Texas, Drummond! July-Aug nching, 1-2 
feet long ; the bra tiles. pet quadrangular. Tana x 3 Golo ong, 
acute, atternuate at the base. tipules wi ad pote desi which ar 
several times anger than the sheath. W hor 0-flowered. Flow 

` scarcely more than 14 line long. Teeth of te man lanceolate. Corolla 
ecd © lobes semi-oblong tyle almost wanting: stigma with 2 di- 
chartaceous ; the cells — ti 


Eras Capsule eds 
attaches by iio middle = the face to the placen Embryo in the axis of 
Er vu oblong wards.— | 


TE 
cartilaginous album g: cael pointing downw. 
he 


T m ticies blackish i in i drying, 


ou 
attenuated at the base into a petiole, sihn t scabrous above 
k, 


ry clusters ; corolla fannel-form, 3 tim eue 
serted ; style et asd Weiden stigma Satay 9. bad: 7 ape oblong- 

PY tidak cro ned with 4 ca alyx-t eeth. 

Middle Florida, on bis banks of the deo River, JD Met tne / and 

n Louisiana !—Stem about 2 feet high. Lea a half long, 
pa a ditus gly sree d beneath with the anaple - obliape ae "c usters 
flowers dense, often haif an inch in diameter. Calyx slightly hairy; the 
teeth lanceolate. Corolla 3 lines long, white? Filaments slender, ee 
i e y 


ure, lea 
the thin dissepiment adhering to one of the cells.—Nearly allied to - tenuior ; 
but that species hes ashort« obov ate fruit, and very short pecia stamens and 
WwW 


style. e ha from Louisiana (in flower, ut du but 
have no memorandum of the source from which they were Yr s ed ; in these 
the lobes of Ted dorella are sprinbles, both inte y and REPERTA with 
sho , apparently deciduo 

- S. tenuior (Linn.): stem annual, branching; the branches obtusely 
angie, labour somewhat scabrous; leaves lanceolate, with short petioles, 
` scabrous on the margin and a surface; stipules with 5-6 bristles, which 
are rather longer than the sheath ; rls few, many-flowe "ei corolla some- 


what campanulate, the tube scarce M twice the — of the calyx ;. 

much shorter than the corolla ; Mb the length of the stamens; — 2- 

lobed; eaj psule obovate, crowned with 4 calice fee spec. l.p. 102; 
Rub. l. c. t. rod 


rehe idu i ie A. Rich. mem. ; De. 
552. S. verticillis ten 
West, Florida, Mr. E 


enui 


* 


" 


* 


wnwards, and í 
a longitudinal chink along the inner surface.’ a obovate-oblong, marked x 


= Flowers small, in axillary or terminal ae capitate whorls, blue oF 
— : 


E. A 
m E 
xx 
€ 
ta. 


28 RUBIACES. =. vs SPERMACOCE. ^ 


mens glabrous. Leaves about an inch long. Whorls few-(6—10-) flowered. ? 
Flowers smaller than in the preceding species. Anthers roundish-oblong.— 
This is chiefly a West Indian species, and we doubt whether it has been . 
found hitherto within the limits of our Flora 

sis 


— t Doubtful Species. $ 
. S. ki egg Alae E stem diea i cie Pat! aed e p 
Wate: lanc minate, hirsu n both surfac tipules w Ed 
bristles ; ee te iia aten: iea nai, Pork, ft. P. p ET. E 
Carolina, Fraser.—About a foot high. Leaves broad and somewhat ob- 
‘a . Flowers white, wi tube. Pursh. s 


we suspect ther e mistake as to the locality), is marked, per 
by Mr. Don, “ S. Mi "Bot. mag."; a species which has been referr 
the = Cruse sea. 


3. BORRERIA. Meyer, fl. Essequeb. p. 79; DC. prodr. 4p 540. B. 
Bigelovia, Spreng. syst. ; not Spreng. entd., nor of Smith, nor of Raf. nor of DG. 
Calyx-tube ovate; the > limb persistent, 2—4-toothed. Corolla infundibu 
form or hypocrateriform, 4- lobed. Stamens 4. Stigma 2-cleft or undivided: 
Fruit dry, crowned with the teeth of the calyx, 2-celled; the 2 one- -seeded ; 
carpels separating from the apex dow each dehiscing equally b 


on the face with a longitudinal furrow.—Herbaceous or suffrutescent (tropi-- 
cal) plants. Leaves sometimes mcos véstistihia from the fascicles in 
the axils. Stipules cohering with both petiol s, fringed with several bristles* — 


calyx Sarien 
T 


ampa Bay, Florida, Dr. Leavenworth !—Stem 2 feet or more in len ngth | 
(erect?) ; the internodes about 2 inches long. Leaves 1-2 inches in iene 
ris 


ve on 
iscence, this em resembles Hedyotis, onè — 
species of which (H. monosperma, Wight & Arn.) has but a cU seed in 
each cell .. 


4. DIODIA. Linn. ; Gertn. fr. t. 25; DC. prodr. 4. p. 561. 


— ovate or obovate, often 8-nerved ; the limb 2-4-parted. Co rol i 
infundibuliform or tubular, 4-lobed. Stamens 4, inserted into dio dm 
Sae cells E. undivided. Pu 


o yc * A 
- he si e # : S e - 
s ou i 


Diopta. * RUBIACEZE. 29 


* 


fleshy, crowned with the teeth of the calyx, 2- (rarely 3-) celled; the 2 (or 3) 
one-seeded carpels separating from the apex downwards, both indéhiscent. . 
Seeds oval, peltate, flattish, marked with a shallow furrow on the face.— 
Herbaceous or rarely suffrutescent plants (American, fs c tropical} 
with the habit of Spermacoce. Leaves often fascicled in the a 
appear verticillate. Stipules usually fringed with bristles. Pas: small, 
white, axillary, solitary or several together. 
* Corolla somewhat hypocrateriform, with a long and very slender tube: style deeply 2- 
cleft ; fruit crowned with 2 (or 4 alternately smaller) calyx-teeth. 

. D. Eingang (Linn.) :-: pou herbaceous; stem proc bent ; 
i ok aves varying from lanceolate-lin ong espe sessile es of 
me the stipu es longer a the haath : “fide ers solita opposite $ tube of the 


Ra nded ; iar plus y lobes of ihe deeply 2-cleft style filiform ; PN 
. ovoid or oblong, oa gen, crowned with 2 (rarely 4 eerie smaller 
Fè lanceolate calyx- eth. 

^. a. Linnei: nearly glabrous ; oad erre : e epa somewhat. 
~ glabrous.—D. Virginiana, E nn. s p-104; Lam. ill. t. T Vir- 
^ 4 ginica, aber it spec. 1 p. 5 d N syn. n. Walt]. Purs he m T Pg + E. 
E 41x our Lee odr. 4. p. 562. Spermacoce Viii, k Rich. 
mem. l. c. E . 


bud 
P 
i 
PE! 
S: 
8 


T 
Eco: es ovate-lanceolate : fruit ovate, - 
I fl. 1. p. 81. D. tetragona, Walt. Car. p. 


l-e í 
y- hirsuta: whole plant very Bay; ; Aer linear- mrs yay acute; 
fruit oblong.—D. hirsuta, Pursh „fl-1 ; Ell. sk-1. p.191; DC.l.c 
Damp » soil, grito along vut : B. irginia! to ge Florida! 
Alabama ‘and Louisiaha! y. South Guam Elliott. Georgia, Pursh, | 
Middle Florida, Dr. Chap man ! Marea on 1-2 feet long, somewhat 
quadrangular. Leaves ue inches long; in 3. those of the branches much 
shorter and broader in proportop n than the lower cauline ones ; in y. nearly 
all of equal le ngth. Flowers nearly half an inch long. Corolla white ; the 
segments lanceolate-oblo ong, More or less hairy inside. Anthers linear. 
Capsule 2-3 lines long in a. and 8., 4-5 lines Ne = By with several 
strong longitudinal ridges. “Seed oblong, plano-co i as 
nag as the albumen: colyledons ee : radicle inferior, endo. — 
many intermediate forms between D. Virginica, eim im and hirsuta o. 
authors, that we can scarcely distinguish them eve 
FS 
* * Corolla infundibuliform, with a wide tube: style undivided : ; stigma capitate or $. E 
lobed: fruit crowned with 4 (rarely 5) calyz-teeth. = 


2. D. teres Hcr annual, ascending or proeumbent ; ‘stems pu ubescent 
or hairy; leaves linear or io protons ire of the stipules much. 
longer than the fi fruit; flowers solitary or 2-3 in each axil; corolla much. 
longer than the minutely otie en ais teeth; the stamens shorter 
than its ere stigma large, 2-lobed ; fruit somewhat hairy, ovoid-turbinate 
and somewhat — separating into 2 crustace WAS gpm oe 
Car. p. 87 ; DC.! prodr. 4. p. 562 ; Darlingt. fl. Cest. rmacoce 
diodina, Micke. tf. 1; p88; Parik, fi. p. 85; Ell. de De . p. x5; Torr.! 
TT T 
im af l Sahiy fi fields, New Jersey! to Florida! and Louisiana! and west to Ii~ : 
! and the sources of the Canadian River, Dr. James ! eS -Sept— 
-Stem nearly terete, 4-16 inches high, m much branched, clothed with a sh 


T = 
m. 


By 


G- RUBIACE®. : Dióda 3 


pubescence, and peccet Seed sns hirsute hairs. Leaves about an 


on Ant 
linear-oblong. Capsule (usually but one in each asi aot 2 lines ees 
much longer ihai the calyx-teeth. 


3. D. tricocca : perennial, much branched, depressed; stems somewhat 
airy : leaves res tina, i revolute margins; oid a u pie scarcely 
h 


d !—Plant sedie a small state of D. teres, 3-4 E 


nidrib beneath som n youn 5 
ve fruit much smaller than in the preceding ; the alter ne h alt the : 
e, and apparently always tricoccous, very hispid when young, as well à 

"e liliiceolare teeth of the calyx. with stout bris stles ; bi ut the mature ee is 
specimens do not exhibit the corolla in god condita: Pues all the flow des 3 
w i t ; TIC í 

pellary ovary, while the teéth of the calyx are 4, or very rare ely 5, in nu ves E 
ee these characters are not constant, but the species is very different — 
m any with which we are acquainted. L. 


Subtribe 2. Puronrkm, DC.—Flowers distinct. Fruit somewhat fleshy 
upaceous, seldom bipartible. 


M Un 
nf ee AR 


Tus 


. 5. ERNODEA. Swartz, prodr. p. 99, & fl. Ind. Occ. p. 223, t.4; .Gertn. 
> fr. t. 196, Sf: 63 A. Rich. mem. l. c. t. 15, f. 2; DC. prodr. 4. p. "576. 


Calyx-tube ovate ; the lobes of ‘the 4-6 parted limb T linear, acute, 
'orolla 


serted into the upper part of the tube: anthers linear, exserted. Style fili- A 
form, longer than the stamens: stigma emarginate. Fruit drupaceous, 3 z 

: obovate or roundish, 2-celled, crowned, with the long erect segments of the 

í calyx, bipartible when mature ; the nuclei 1-seeded, cartilaginous, indehis- 

. cent. Seeds peltate, flat and furrowed on the face. Embryo straight: 

-~ . cotyledons oval -suffrutescent and decumbent glabrous (West Indian) 
plant; with sessile’ somewhat rigid lanceolate leaves. Stipules sheathing,  . 

many-parted. Flowers pre f solitary, sessile, qitdiowish. Fruit yellow... 


M vigo l. c.)—Knoxia, P. Browne, Jam. p- 140. no. 1. Thy- 
t Jam. t. 
coy Blodgett! Southern I Dr. Hassler !—Stem 6-10 
inches bue ranching from the base, stout C 
 rangular. cond crowded tow "dida tha extremity of short branches, _ 
at coriaceous or paei very acute and Putman m 


Xn Qo. 


& 


CEPHALANTHUS. RUBIACE X. d 31 


Subtribe3. CEPHALANTHES, DC.—F lowers and fruit sessile and densely 
aggregated on a globose receptacle. Fruit dry, 2-4-partible. 


6. CEPHALANTHUS.  Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 59; Gertn. fr. t. 86 


Calyx-tube obpyramidal; the limb 4-toothed. Corolla tubular, slender; 
the lobes of the 4-cleft limb erect, imbricate in estivation. Stamen 
scarcely exserted. Style filiform, much exserted : stigma capitate. Fruit 
inversely pyramidal, coriaceous, 2-4-celled, separating from the base to the 
summit into 2—4 closed one-seeded portions. Seeds pendulous, conforman « to 
the cell, crowned with a kind of corky arillus. Embryo straight, i 

axis of somewhat cartilaginous albumen : cotyledons oblong, fo Is: 
, radicle slender.—Shrubs (American) ; with oval or lanceolate (opposite or 
tern ate) leaves. Stipules short, distinct or somewhat united. Flowers 
densely aggregated in a globose head (the receptacle hairy): the peduncles 
terminal and from tbe upper axils. Corolla white.— Button- Bush. d- 
Sees s 
ovata or ipee oval, ac minate, distinctl niet Eis glabro usi] 
duncles x om = ES Mesi, usually ternate at the extremity 

b cuum : P ES Pcie arb. t. 54, Se oe x a 
21, & t. 5. & 6. ROP sh. fl. 1. ; Ell. sk. 1. p. 186 ; Torr.! fl. 1-.p- — 
164; Bart. jl. Amer. Sept. 3, t 91; ' Darkiagt fl. Cest. p. 98 ; "DC. prodr.4. ~ 


B. younger branches and lower surface of the EN pubescent. 


arginof swamps and wet thickets, Canada! and Northern States! to 
Georgia! Arkansas! and Texas! (the northern ie usually glabrous; the © 
southern more or less pubescen July~Aug.—Shrub 3-10 h 
wW h 


g 
the ovary; the teeth obtuse, persistent. ei “nearly half an — long ; 
| the limb Arii fume fee the lobes obtu 


E II. B dee De. 


Fruit drupac "one-secded bony or crustac 
inna hich à are re falta or 'grébved on the inner: side, and often L 
marked with a furrow on the outer. Albumen h or peii 
cartilagi zem ZEstivation of the corolla — x — 
shrubs. Stipules 2 between the petioles on each si er dient 
or combined. Fl lowell Mestinct, or in capitate involucrate fascicles. 


7. CHIOCOCCA. P. Browne, Jam. p. 174; Linn.; I 
Gaertn. fr. t. 26 ; A. Kich, mem. l. c. p- 106; DC. pr 


Calyx-tube ovate ; the limb — 5-toothed. Corolla campanulate-in- - 
'.fundibuliform, 5-lobed; the lobes spreading. Stamens 5: im 
serted into the base of the corolla, and scarcely cohering with it, somewhat — 
monadelphous, pubescent : anthers linear, included. Style filiform, some- 


€ 


Cnrococca- 


what clavate at the summit: stigma entire, or of 9 agglutinated lobes. 
Fruit fleshy, globose-compressed and somewhat didymous, crowned with the 

calyx-teeth, including 2 oblong coriaceous nucules. Seeds suspended. Em-. 
bryo straight, in the axis of somewhat cartilaginous albumen : radicle long 
and slender: cotyledons small.—Shrubs (tropical American), o often with 
sarmentose branches. Leaves petioled, glabrous. Stipules connate. Flow- 
ers white or often turning yellowish, im axillary opposite racemes. (Root ¥ 
emetic, &c.) " 


i c. racemosa (Jacq) : leaves ee acute at each end; corolla many 
times e teeth of the = s filaments puberulent. y ^» 
ET fl. 1. ; Andr. bot. rep. t. 284; Hook. ! etot. 
a3 prodr: &. p. 482 T d eg a.) Jasminum flore myrtino, — 
&c.,; Sloane, Jam. t. ee J. : Porisivilieoum racemosum, &c., Dill. Ellh. - : 
t. 228, f. 295. Lon ba, Linn. spec. 1. 1175. 

Sea coast of Florida, Mekaar ! Key West, Mr. Blodg gett! i West 
Indian & Mexican.)—Leaves 2-3 inches des and an inch. Or. re broad, 


hite. The branches are sometimes sarmentose ; the leaves somewhat va- E 
- riable in form, and often acuminate; and the racemes either simple or pani- — | 
culate —Snowberry. 


8. PSYCHOTRIA. Wert Gern: fr. t. 25; DC. ted 4. p. 504; © 
rn. prodr. Ind. Or. 1. p. 432 


a lyx-tube ovate ; the limb short, 5-lobed, 5-toothed, or soniewnae entire. © 
Corolla infundibuliform, us ‘short, 5- (or rarely 4-) cleft, regular, with ~ 
the throat glabrous or bearded; the limb spreading or recurved; the seg- = 

ments incurved at the point: æstivation valvular. Stamens 5, or rarely 4 
anthers exserted or included within the throat of t r 
Feni drupaceous, containing 2 nucules, crownes 


nuc 

-seeded. Seed Eid a cartil 

ed) z — Trees or shrubs, rarely herbaceous plants. 
‘site, petioled. Peduncles usually terminal. Flowers panicled oi 


ES WE 
Es e lanceolata (Nutt.): leaves lanceolate, EPA s at each end; 
lower s well as the branchlets ferruginous-pubescent; stipules i 


plesiai m -B5 " » deciduous, sphacelate; c corymb terminal, trichotomous 
bee DC Nu. in Sill. = 5. p. 290 (1822) ; DC. prodr. 4 
Pae 


East be Florida ; Mr. sei Leaves 2-3 inches long. putem bt E 
red."—This i es unknown to us. De Candolle remarks that he h 

pec! y Michaux. We have insufficient specimens, apparently 
cies of Ao ears collected in Florida by Dr: 


MonINDA. s Burm: die 33 


Trine TII. GUETTARDER. Kunth. 


Fruit drupaceous, 2-8-celled, or containing 2-8 one-seeded nucules; 
Seeds somewhat terete, elongated, usually - erect. Albumen mostly 

eshy. -JEstivation of the corolla usually contorted or valvate.— 
Small trees, shrubs, or very rarely herbs. Stipules between the pe: 

.. tiles. 

Subtribe 1. Morinpex, DC.—Flowers and fruit aggregated in a densé 
head and more or less coherent with each other. Æstivation of the corolla 
valvate.—'T'ropical shrubs or small trees. 


9. ‘MORINDA. Vaill.; Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. T Jd a 


Calyx-tube obovate, cohering with the adjoining flowers; the limb short, 
scarcely t thed. Corolla infundibuliform; the tube somewhat terete; the 
limb spreading, 5- (rarely 4-) lobed. Stamens 5 (rarely 4): fil ts short t 
anthers usually included. Style filiform: stigma 2-cleft; the lobes filiform: 
Fruit baccate, containing 2-4 nucules, all usually concreted into a com- 
pound subglobose fruit, which is areolate ae the vá of the ws Em- 
bryo terete, in a fleshy albumen.—Shrubs o rare 
3 or 4 ina whorl. Stipules within the ae ae obtuse. Pedunclés 
solitary or several together, axillary, opposite the leaves (from the suppres- 
sion of a leaf), or terminal. Flowers sessile upon a globose receptacle, 

1:3 Bark of | spe root styptic and used for dyeing.) 


E L I. Roio c (Linn.) : patroia j eae at the base; leaves broadly 
EC OPTE eia acute, graduall we e base into a short petiole ; 
stipules broad and very short, poe H Fieis short, axillary of 
opposite a leaf; ES exserted.—. Linn. spec. 1. p.176; Jacq. 
indob. t. prodr. 4. p. 448. es pen c Plumier, 

ic Pluk. alm. 


t E Oui in the West Indies, api epi 

à both arcee, except a pubescence in the axils 

h. £ s 4—6 lines long, esaii opposite 
inch in diz ui Flowers crimson. 
CAE 


ibe 2. MrrcnLLER.— Flowers solitary, o or geminate with their 
ovaries Gnited. JEstivation of the corolla valvate. Albumen somewhat 
[ox ilaginous or corneous.—Creeping a natives of the northern 
. and southern extratropical regions, and on within the tropics. 


10. MITCHELLA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 63; Gaertn. fr. t. 192. 
Chamedaphne, Mitch. ; not of Buxb. 

Flowers in pairs, with their ovaries united. Limb of the calyx conspicuous, 

4-toothed. Corolla infundibuliform, wah: a sonièr tube, 4-lobed ; the lobes 

Spreading, densely hirsute or bearded within - wel ss oe See 


x 


34 ; = RUBIACER. MircBELLA. 


throat of the corolla: anthers oblong. Style filiform: stigmas 4, linear, 
somewhat exserted. Fruit baccate, oblate- -globose,-usually composed of the 
united ovaries of both flowers (one of them sometimes abortive, or want- 
ing ?) ; each of which contains 4 small corneous 1-seeded nucules. Embryo 
minute, at the extremity of somewhat cartilaginous albumen: cotyledons 
short; the radicle thick. Glabrous creeping evergreen herbs (indigenous to 
North America, and perhaps to the mountains of Peru ?) with = ovate .- 
or roundish petioled leaves. Stipules triangular-subulate, minute. E 
terminal, white or pale rose-color, odorous. Fruit bright red, edible 
persistent. 
ENS have drawn the character —— from M. r repens; since it is Raper. 
ether = eer A ave not seen,) belongs to this genus, rather 


that to a. Does Mm Nera depressa, Banks (or rather Solander), as left 
by De Candolle, hes ex or more species ? 


1. M. repens (Linn.) : leaves "— vie often slightly cordate ; pe- 
duncle 2-flowered.—Linn. ! spec. 1. p. 1 fu 1. 1. p. 86; Pursh, 
Ji- 1. p. 101 ; Ell. sk. 1. p. 198 ; Torr.! d . p-174; Bigel. fl. Bos Bn 
2. p. 52; Bart. fl. Amer. Sept. t. 95, f. 1; DC.! prodr. 4. p. ; 
Hook.! fl. Bor.- Am. 1. p. i Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 105. Ae oe 
cifera, &e., Pluk. amalth. t. 444, f. 2; Catesb. Car. 1. t. 20. Tonoa 

; PP 


foliis subovatis &c. Gronov. ! ed. 1 
h oist woods, about the roots of trees, pei r throughout the 
United States! to Florida! and Louisiana! xico, ex DC. 


ico, ex 
June. paper to April in the Southern cus Ell.)— Stems slender, 
branching, 6-12 inches long. Leaves on slender petioles, half an inch or 


n *. 
line, a = texture, turning blackish in drying. Corolla about half an a 
li 


inch long; sometimes 3-cleft (and then triandrous), Mee les 
. 5-8-cleft, but never Gret d with more than 4 stamens. rries about 
a third of an inch in diameter, broader than long, crowned wi je perisi 


ith th 
teeth of two calyces, brie e red, edible but insipid, persistent io the 
winter and until the plant flowers again.— Par rtridge- Berry. 

Subtribe 3. EvevETTARDEE, DC. (excl. gen.)—F lowers distinct. Es- P. 
tivation of the corolla usually contorted. Albumen fleshy.— Tropical trees. E 
or shrubs. 


11. GUETTARDA. Linn.; Vent. oc t: 1; Gertn. dr ik 36; ; A. 
a Rich. mem. l. c. p. 121 


Calyx-tube orate or globose ; the limb tubular, persistent or deciduous, 

truncate or irregularly toothed. Corolla hypocrateriform ; the tube cylindri- 
4-9, oval-oblong. -Anthers 4-9, nearly sessile in the throat of the 

nn linear. Stigma cse e 2-lobed. Fruit drupaceous, subglo- 
bose or ovate, usually crown e persistent limb of the calyx : endo- 
carp bony, obtusely odas. idisse the cells 1-seeded. Seeds some- 
what terete.—Small trees or shrubs (mostly tropical American) ; with ovate 
= lanceolate, or rarely cordate leaves. Stipules lanceolate, deciduous. Pe- 
duncles » once or twice dichotomous; the flowers sessile in the forks. 
and unilateral on the — of the peduncle. 


GUETTARDA. RUBIACE Æ. 35 


G. elliptica ? (Swartz) : leaves ovate and clipica rather obtuse, mu- 
eret; hairy on both surfaces; petioles short; peduncles usually "tir 
than the leaves; cymes 2-cleft; flowers terramerous tube of the corolla 
silky-hirsute, three times as long, as the calyx; p "us calyx at length 
deciduous.—Swartz, prodr. p. 59? DC. prodr. 4. ^ 

Key West, Florida, Mr. Piode ett/—A shrub; pi xiu Miri je pu- 
bescent. Leaves 1-2 inches long, rather acute at i: base, the lower surface 
more hairy than the upper: dep 2-3 ÉD Peduncles sometimes rather 
longer than the "ven twic t dichotomou 8. ut one- 

alyx tiae, ipa tched on one side of the orifice, 


subulate 
Style filiform, included : stigma entire. Immature e ovate.—We have 
not seen authentic specimens of G. elliptica, do species which agrees most 
nearly with ours ; but ix seems to differ in the leaves ia smoothish above, 
and in the 2-lobed stigma. 


12. ERITHALIS. P. Browne, Jam. t. 17, f. 3; Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 159; 
Gerin. fr. 1. 96 ; A. Rich. mem. l. c. p. 133; DC. prodr. 4. p. 465. 
Calyx-tube ovate; the limb short, 5- ere Corolla somewhat rotate, 
5-parted ; the segments lin Stame : filaments subulate, inserted in- 
to the base of the corolla: bn E dut Style stout, as long as the 
filaments: stigma bilamellate, the lobes agglutinated. Ovary 5-10-celled; 
with a single pendulous ovule in each cell. Drupe globose, somewhat fleshy, 
suleate, with 5-10 bony nucules.—Glabrous (chiefly West Indian) shrubs. 
Leaves petioled, somewhat coriaceous. Stipules persistent, short and broad. 
Flowers in paniculate cymes from the axils of the uppermost leaves. 

- E. fruticosa (Linn.): leaves obovate; panicles — fruit 8-10- 
ud crowned with the truncate LET of the calyx.—D0C. prodr. l.c. E. 
odorifera, Jacq. stirp. Amer. p. 72. t 3, f: 83 

Southern Florida, Dr. Leitner dew about 2 pua Pon, obtuse, the 
lateral veins indistinct, abruptly tapering at the base into a ‘short petio 
Stipules with a small mucronate point. Cymes Ere eari flowers 

prase crimson ? 
x. 


Tree IV. HAMELIEJE. A. Rich., DC. 


Fruit baccate, 3-many-celled; the cells many Albumen 
fleshy.— Trees or shrubs. Sti tipules between the "(rarely verücillate) 
petioles, 

13. HAMELIA. Jacq. stirp. Amer. p. 71. t. 50, & ic. rar. t. 335; Lam. 
ill. t. 155; Gaertn. fr. t. 191 § 196. 

P Calyx-tube oval; the lobes 5, short, erect, "leute, persistent. Corolla tu- 

bular, somewhat 5-angled, slightly 5-lohed at the summit; the lobes equal, 

scarcely spreading. Stamens 5, inserted into the middle of the corolla, in- 

cluded: anthers oblong-linear. Stigma obtuse, somewhat poit Berry 

oval, 5-furrowed, 5-celled ; the cells membranaceous, many-se 

minute, compressed.— Tropical American shrubs. Leaves pe. ternately 

or quaternately verticillate, petioled. Stipules one on each side, lanceolate- : 

subulate, Flowers s red or orange, showy, in di-tric 


36 RUBIACEZ. HAMELIA. 


1. H. patens g acq.) : pos ternate, oval-oblong, acuminate at each end, 


villous-pubescent underneath ; cymes colored, di- ege, aet in a terminal 
pedunculate umbel; esin cylindri up - DC—Jacy. stirp. Amer. l. c. ; Smith, 
exot. bot. t. 94; DC. prodr. «p. TU coccinea, Sudriz, pe p. 


46. Dubamelia m Pere. at, 1. pu 
' . Key West, Florida, Mr. Bennett Ae shrub 8-10 feet high, with a 
trunk 3-4 inches in and meter ; the ies e branches minutely pu pe 
nch o 


Leaves 2-4 inches long, and an i hat glabrous 
ve. gd sexe forked, with ihe flowers sessile in pp on the 
divisions; the common peduncle trifid. Flowers bright red, very handsome. 


Berry about aerae of an inch long. Seeds oval, scrobiculate, only one 
(in our specimen) ripening in A ell. 


Trizg V. EUCINCHONEÆ. (Cinchonaceæ, DC.) 


Fruit capsular, 2-celled; the cells many-seeded. Seeds winged. 
Albumen fleshy. —Trees or shrubs, Stipules between the petioles. 


14. EXOSTEMMA. Dc. diss. 1806 ; A. Rich. mem. l. c. p. 280. 
Exostema, Pers. (8 of Cinchona), L. C. Richard. 

Calyx-tube obovate ; the limb 5-toothed. Corolla with a long terete tube, 
the segments of the 5-parted limb linear, revolute, valvate in news. 
Stamens 5, inserted into the corolla near the base, much exserted: anthers 
narrowly linear. Style filiform, clavate at the summit: stigma entire’ or 
somewhat 2-lobed. Capsule coriaceous, opening at the summit by septici- 
dal dehiscence. Seeds flat, with a circular winged margin, retrorsely im- 
bricated.— Trees or shrubs of tropical America, (the bark febrifugal or some- 


| emetic; but destitute of Quinia and Cinchonia, according to St. 4 
Hilaire), usually glabrous. Stipules one on each side. Peduncles axillary 
terminal. 


or 


1. XE. Caribeum (Rem. & Schult.) : leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 
glabrous; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, about the length of the petiole; teeth 
of the calyx very short.— Schult. syst. 5. p. 18; DC. prodr. 4. 


9. . Cinchona Caribea, Jacq. stirp. Amer. t. 179, f. 85. & obs. LEHI 
Garin. fr- t. 33; Lamb. Cinch.1.4; An = Bot. rep. t. 481. e Jamaicensis, 
WE a 39 


l ; I row The k ark st 
indies as eoa eris E o mim of this Nati is fom in is We 


15. PINCKNEYA. Michx. A. 1. p. 103, t. 13; A. Rich. mem. l: c. p. 277. 
uc 


 Calyx-tube oblong-turbinate ; four of the segments of the deciduous 5- 
parted limt Hinear-lanceolate, the fifth usually dilated into a large colored 
the corolla cylindrical; the lobes of the 5-parted limb linear- 
oered spreading, somewhat imbricate in æstivation. Stamens 5, 
into thi near the base, exserted : anthers oblong. Style fili- 


leaf. 
oblong, 
RAN t di 


Loi Lab 


, ic 


- PixckNEYA. RUBIACE X. 37 


form: stigma obtusely 2-lobed. Capsule subglobose, coriaceo-chartaceous, 
2-valved, loculicidal. Seeds numerous, horizontal, in a double series, flat, 
with a reticulated membranaceous wing. Embryo large, straight: cotyle- 
dons foliaceous, concave.—A large shrub or small tree; the young branches 
&c., hirsute-tomentose. Stipules one on each side, linear-subulate, cadu- 
cous. Flowers large, in small cymes, which are terminal or in the axils of 
the upperleaves. Corolla purplish inside, hirsute-canescent externally. 


P. pubens (Michx. ! 1. c.)J—M ichz.. f. sylv. k r 260, t. 49; Puh Aai. 
p.158; Ell. sk. 1. p. 269; Nutt.! gen. 1. ; DC. prodr. 4 . p. 366; 
= E Amer. Sept. t. 7 ; Audubon, birds of Ae E10, Fr. pubescens, 
Gaertn. f. fruct. 3. p. 80, t. 194. eec pubescens, Pers. syn. 1. p. 197. 
Cinchona Caroliniana, Poir. dict. 6. p. 4 

mps, S. Carolina ! to Middle Florida! May-June.—Stems or irunke 
ol ea ea Leaves oval, acute or acuminate at both ends, on short pe- 
tioles, nearly a Moe ve, pubescent or somewhat tomentose beneath, 4— 
ches long, and 3 or 4 broad. Limb of the calyx ponm e ires 

(or sometimes two the s Mete dilated into an oval membran 
(rose- Mee petioled leaf, two or three inches in length. Corolla a ya 
and a half long; the segments bats than the tube. Capsule about half an 
incita in V ch the dehiscence loculicidal = at length partly septicidal 

u 


| hab The 
taste and sedie cinal properties of f. Cinchona, and Epeng contains di ine 
or a new alkaline principle. 


Tusr VI, HEDYOTIDEJE. Cham. & Schlecht. 


16. HEDYOTIS. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 62; A. Rich. mem. l.c.; Hook. fl. 
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 286; W. & Arn. sare Ind. Or. 1. p. 405; Endl, 
gen. p. 548, bier. t. 89. : ae 

- Hedyotis, Houstonia, & Oldenlandia, 3e Xeá ie. DEC, 


Calyx-tube ovate or globose; the limb 4- (rarely 5- 7) toothed or cleft, i. 
persistent. Corolla infundibuliform, hypocrateriform, or rotate, .4- {rari m 
5-1) lobed; the lobes imbricate in estivation. Stamens as many as the 
lobes of the corolla, inserted either i in the throat or towards the base of the 
tube. Stigma usually 2-cleft or 2- lobed. Capsule globose, ovoid, or obcor- m 
date, mostly cori riaceous, t the summit often free from and exserted beyond the . 
calyx, 2-celled, opening across the summit by loculicidal dehiscence, : and at 
length | often slightly septicidal. Seeds few or 2 on placenta (e er 
sob to which p OMlit into each cell, with a retic 

ulate testa, —Herbs,. 


T or suffruticose plants. spo a 


m RUBIA ER. : - 


e 
$e. 


Plant often Siria blackish in drying. 


n I Corélla hypocrateriform ; the tube muc longer than the teeth or equal 
Sk of the calyx (which arë distant in pj ' limb glabrous: stamens and 
v ce dicecio-dimorphous, i. e., the stamens in | one e plant inserted in or near 
the throat of the corolla, and. often somewhat. ezserted, and then the style in- 
cluded ; in the other, the stamens inserted into the tube of the corolla near 

the base, and the style mite : filaments short: anthers linear or oblong: 


capsule somewhat didymous or 2-lobed, the — broad summit es from the 


calyz, loculicidal : seeds several (8-20 in each cell) biculate or reticulated, 


rr 


oval or roundish, with a deep hollow on the Mice: small iual o or sometimes 


perennial herbs : Spules ‘entire, minute: peduncles axillary or terminal, 1 


one-flowered.—Hous' gioni, Linn. Hort. Cliff. (Sjjeçies of Anotis, DC., 
Arn.? Endl. Poiretia, Gmel. Panetos, Raf. 7) - 


. €xrulea, on which that genus was founded in pel Hortus Clifortianus. — "This, if con- 


of Anotis, but.in a more restrieted sense perhap 8 very nil NM 


siderably extended, A L pro obably include a large portion of De Cándolle' : Aou E 


gentia noides, Endl. icono Loop? t. 89 , certainly belon gs | 4 this sec 
1. He mihim ma: annual, glabrous, « engine and d 
leaves oo with a long attenuate base; [ ncles sor exceediag | 2 


e leaves ; capsule obcordate, free only at the sum hc seeds oval, nearl 
with à 


ad cavity o n the fac =e" stonia minima, Beck, in Sil 


ET 


> Ax nks of o and prairies of the South Western States. Near St. Louis — 
Rn Missouri, Beck, Dr. Engelmann! New , Nuttall! Arkan 
a | EE inana Nuttall! Dr. Pitcher! Hale! March-Ma 


er but smaller than in H. cerulea; the tube narrowed at the base, a$ 


calyx-segments. Seeds 10-15 in each cell; the ca vity of the face wider 

ow in t following, with a iongijüdinal central ri vm ey 

: d m or biennial, glabrous; stems numerous, 

E mee = patulate o or oblanceolate, gr 
o the se t pe — ally 

Scien “a m, dapuak spre ading; Senet ule very - 

abo af Daring fe C “rvs — robiculate.— 


e 
et " 7T an . . z$ Pa 5 

Sept. t. 34, f. 1. H. pasilta; 3 * shay +. 2. ag” 306” T Oct syst. 

H. Linnai a. elatior, Michx. ! e. Ch 1amejasme voi d 

Plul 97; f. Sio i 


nh the -— on both aides, ele ‘toothed, or sometimes fringed E: 1 
bristles. Flowers axillary or terminal, solitary, ques glomerate. 


x The name Houstonia must be retained for whatever section shall include H. 


aves 4—5 lines 
Co ole: rose-color or palie large for the size of 
n 


: 
] 


is Ey pia 
w 4 TT Mus 
 Hgpxvoris. RUBIACE X. T 
in the Southdfa States) Sept. sedis 3-6 inches high, branching from ad^ 


lic pe hon mous. f" leaves often minutely hispid on the 
ow s as as the margin, usually 3-5 lines long. 'Peduncles 1-2 


Tone Corolla 4-5 lines long ng (in 8. often much smaller), blue 
or ‘blue and white (sometimes all white te), with a yellowish throat ; the tube 
30 mes longer thaa the oblong-lanceolate calyx-segments; ‘the obes 

adi than e tube. Zapsule, guae ers : 
n to the ecalyx. Seeds 8-15 
arf Pink. Bluets. - pe 


H. serpyllifolia : perennial, neca glabrous ; stems numerous or ces- 
Piney filiform, procüfbent or creeping, elongated ; leaves round Y 
abruptly narrowed i a dome often Bight cordate, ciliolate ; peduncles 
terminal, on f the e about the | A. 8. tube.— 
Houstonia serpy Miche: ! Jl. 1. p. 85; Pursh! n f 
nella, Purs 
ria n the high mountains of "ash Das Michauz! T Moun- 
g tains of Sport Siecle Mr. M. A. Curtis! May.—The filiform stems, in 
, the spec s of Mr. Curtis, are: 6 to 10 inches long; and. the plant has 
quite ihe habit of Are alearica, as Sor: aux has remarked: the leayes, 
— the slender pe jles, do not e i i 
ches lo ong. athe corolla about.as figi as in-H. cerulea, hee the lobes 
know no e the Lg is really per ennial.. From _ 
s gion, Mr. Curtis has sent us specimens of H. caerulea (apparent- 
ly), with the leaves nearly of the same shape and a die as distinctly peti- - 
oled, but gd belong to a much stouter and nearl: => ant.— 
he prio: Ta serpyllifolia of 1 Poiret, is referred to H. ; i 
Wight & Arn = 


Eg 


f 
995 
the d of the face circulares 


+ 


fhe m 
wz 
Val 
be. 
2 
CD 
e. 
— 
[1] 
g 
R 
m 
ct 
“a 
oO 
ui 
[e] 
œ 
E 
S 
e 
Ms 
* 
EUM 


- H. rotundifolia : “per rennial; stems branched, eine: leaves Mer ee 
,,UÉ broadly? en ciliate when young, thickish, abruptly n owed into 


_- petiole? peduncles axillary and shorte bon sometimes ini: sti and lot y. 
_ — han the leaves; capsule free weve e middle, very broad, emarginate, .. 
E o5 ; seeds roundish scant —Houstonia rotundifolia, Mois 
j ; Ell... anetos i uper ig af. Ano 


ar. p. 86. gend gie mbens, Gmel. syst. + ” 263. 
ndifolia e : 4. p. 433. UM 
Jarolina! 0 lodi ! ind Louisiana! flo wering -— Li 
eaves | is nt, at length ne arly, labrous, — - an 

's (white fom abate as large a . cerulea ;- - 


g in frui the corolla Shoet than the sle: 
Cappie splitting almost - 2 poete —The Ho rotuudifolia o Spon 
1s : " 


to H. trine 


à ET 
$ § 2. Corolla cas dies hairy à or 
than the teeth th of the calyx, which are distant 


from the (2 : e 
the face: small erect perennial herbs, often corymbosely branche 


s i e n _ in pie pet cymules.—A MPHI 
C.* (§ of $ 


el 


Lis said to have an 7 ibulifor 


but the only 


Ww 


xc* In De basins sectional cha 


40 RUBIACER. Hepyoris. 


5. H. : stems erect or € Speram pubescent (at least $ 
Ten young) with spreading hairs ; leaves ovate o e-lanceolate, closely 
sessile ve mt se, cie 4 or sprinkled with scattered hairs 


, 3-5- ro e bas 
above, the veins of the lower surface and margins pubescent; umbelliform 
cymules 3-7-flowered, often clustered; lobes of the erae subulate-linear, 
three or = times the engh of the "tube, and DE longer than the 
Ie a capsule.—H. umbellata, Walt. Car. p. 85? Houstonia pur- 
purea, Linn.! spec. 1. p. 105; Pursh! fl. 1. p. 167; Ell. sk. 1. p ; 
Torr. A. 1. p. 173. - H. varians, Michz.! fl. 1. 86, in part. H. pubes- 
cens, <8 > ed. repos. (her. 2) 5. p. 361? "Anotis lanceolata, DC. 


prodr. 

p. ikos of the ae lanceolate-linear, almost equaling the corolla ; leaves 
lanceolate.—Hoóoustonia macrosepala, Nuit. / Hedyotis lanceolata, 

oir. suppl. 

bred and river banks; Maryland! Virginia! Western Pennsyly vania, 
and Oh o Alabama! "Tennessee! and Missouri! May-July.—Stems 


usualy boe from hé same root, branching, about a foot high. Leaves E 
1-2 inches long, in size and shape not pera a of Galium cc 
rounded at the base, rather acute ; varying however e aaae: ; the upper 
. surface either hairy or glabrous. Stipules ovde se Corolla purple, 
=> about 4 lines long, slightly hairy ere] ; = tube ‘snail longer than the 
lobes of the calyx. Stamens all exserted in e specimens, all included in 
others ; the filaments i bs the fe aio case sökerek with the tube of jm corolla 
to the summit, but they may sometimes be partially detached without | 
laceration. acts ne only at the summit; the cells several-seeded. 


- H. ciliolata (Torr.): stems usually numerous and somewhat cespitose, 
nearly glabrous ; Spite rather thick, obscurely 1-nerved ; the cauline ones 
ar-o long, mostly obtu: ssi i 


oblanceolate or btuse, inutely ciliate; 

the radi ; ine ones oval-spatulate, tapering into a petiole, 

ciliate Ma y 3-flowered, in c clusters ; 

) ls short ; lobes of the calyx fe E about 
ethe length of the sibglobos ps —Torr.! in S 


: 
7. prodr. ook. Ll. c. Houstonia Riad Toi 4.1.9 8 
174. H. Canadensis, Muhl. in herb. Wild.! H. spy" Greliest mo 
bot. m ag. t. 2882, not of Mic 

Banks oF rivers and lakes, Carada ie jets ! in herb. Lamb.), Michigan! 
Falls of Niagara! and on the shore of La tario! nearly confined to 
limestone formations. Kentucky, Dr. Short ! May- 


.—Stems 


5 broader than in H gi 

than in that species, clustered, lilac or pale purple. Stipules scarious, round- 

ish, rather nk Calyx-lobes about half the | length of the tube of the corollas . 
a Ng ater alf free ; the cells 8-9-seeded 


. longifolia 4 (Hook.): glabrous; stems erect, 4- -angled with decur“ 
E jon lines; leaves linear or oblong-linear, acute or obtuse, tapering to the 
base, l-nerv rved; a ical _ “oval or Rn narrowed into a petiole ; 


vA M" Jb. . (ex xcl. 

. Michr.) Houstonia E Gerin. fr. 1. p. 996, t. 49, f. 8 (fruit) 3 
 Willd.! spec. 1. p. 583 ; Ell YAT HE. A 
p ; Hook. bot. mag. t. 3099. Heec Pursh! fl. 1. p 


St 


B. tenuifolia : stem E numerous divaricate branches — 


Hepyoris. RUBIACE. 41 


pierres sine pedicels filiform ; flowers small.—Houstonia tenuifolia, Nutt. 
7. 
uci banks &c., Canada! enr the Stren nn and Northern and 
Western States! to the upper middle country of re Southern States ! 
Ohio! and mountains of N. “Ca roli t- € Tennessee to pene 
June-Ju ly. ee s 5-10 inches high, — numerous don the same root, 
— 4-sided, bat v ith the angle ma of them, margined aid 
arrow ecurrent fined. Leave hare lines long, 2-3 lines broad, gla- 
prods 8, Or che margins very slightly sca MER Stipules scarious, sidd, ovate 
or o a Flowers rather smaller than in the acodit, pale purple or 
white. Corolla much longer than the lobes of the calyx. Capsule 
nearly half free ; the cells about 10-seeded. Stamens and style varying in* 
versely, as in the preceding species.—This is probably distinct from H. pur- 


, the row-leaved forms of which sometimes approach it very nearly ; 
although the — of the calyx-lobes is perhaps not absolutely invariable. 
Ít seems to pass insensibly into the H. tenuifolia, Nutt. ; which is, however, 


a remarkably sle ets plant, with more distant narrowly linear leaves, and 
very slender and spreading br — and pedicels, the latter several times 
longer than the (about 8-seeded) fru 


8. H. stenophylla: slightly suffruticose at the ^ glabrous; stems erect 
or assurgent, much branc wd Es very narrowly linear, often w ith 
smaller ones fasciculate -nerve th 


flowers very numerous, in 3-4 tim d di trichotomous cymules, corymbose at 
the ME of the iris: TD els seorg the central flower of each 
cluster almost sessile ; lobes of the me subulate, as A. as the tube ; cap- 
«nie ean E paii angustifolia, Michx. ! fl. 1 85. (not Hedyotis 
angustifolia, Cham. & Schlecht.) H. fruticosa & um rupestris, Kaf.! 
—— p in oe gen. 1820. (not sigs rupestris, Swartz.) ` 
rivers, and prairies; sea-coast of Fl ida, Mi 
Billion! D i = ses Evam Missouri! Louisiana! Ark 
uly. m pd — to ae feet high. Ja an inch or more in length. 
Flowers very n sually fa mbose, pale purple: the tube 
of the cilia dnes the piesn of the pete (which are furnished with a 
ew very minute bristly hairs); the oblong segments and throat very villous 
r 


a 
- 
e 
E 
3 
m 
& 
3 
1 


ones porien of the section. Capsule small — at the base; summit 

nly free. - Seeds 5-10 in each cell, oval, black.—Readily distinguished by — 
- inde fruit. In the other species of ^ section, the pedice re 2-7) are 
equal or nearly so, and more or less elongated in fruit : in this, the central 
flower of each cymule is nearly sessile. 


$ 3. Corolla rotate, much shorter than the lanceolate teeth of the calyx, which 

are spreading and with the sinuses acute in fruit: stamens and style very 

short: anthers roundish-ovate : capsule ovoid, wholly coherent with the tube 

of the calyx, loculicidally dehiscent across the summit: seeds very numerous” 

and minute (50-60 in each cell), angular? herb perennial, with the habit f 

Spermacoce or Diodia : stipules mostly bimucronate or bisetose on each sides 

A solitary or 3-4 together in the arils of the leaves, almost sessile.— 

Ses = 

. H. se cii me. i: - herba E. gu. at the base, ndi à 

branched, diffuse, glabrous; branches Lok anier: leaves linear, acute at each 

end, obscurel ly 1-nerved; stipul small; flowers on very short pedi- — 
“cels; teeth of the calyx fossa” omy spreading or rec 

a VOL. II.-6 ie 


$ 


Mania we pi a e Jlowers axillary, somewhat 


L 
1 


42 RUBIACESR. Hzpvoris. E 


than the slightly menie roundish- ovoid fruit.—D C.! prodr. 4. gen 
Hook.! compan. to bot. mag. 1. p. 48. 
Borders of ponds i Miis. and in open grounds, Carolina (Bose! n to 
itr die ! Drummond ! Dr. Carpenter ! Alexandria, Dr. Hale! 
and on the banks of the Sabine, Dr. Leavenworth! July~Sept.—Stems 6- 
10 inches the: Leaves about an inch in length. F rs minute; the 
it d wit 


; 
‘ 


§ 4. Corolla rotate, much shorter than the teeth of the calyx, which are erect in 3 


fruit, with the sinuses acute: stamens scarcely longer than the lobes of the 
corolla: anthers subglobose: style nearly none: stigmas oblong, obtuse: 
capsule globose-compressed, wholly coherent with the tube of the calyz, 
emarginate, loculicidally dehiscent across the summit: seeds very numerous 
and minute (60 or more in each cell), angular: herb annual, with the habit 
of Elatine: stipules bisubulate on each side: flowers solitary o or mostly 
- glomerate in the axils of the leaves.—E t ATINELLA. 


s and the preceding sections should probably be considered mere mie of 
i. aroan Oldenlandia, whenever that group shall be definitely character 


à » orr 1 : 
nena & H os : p. 85, not UR H. uniflora, Lam. ae H. 
. inks, ` Spreng. syst. 1. p. "13. Oldenlandia un 
! "oun : P- 119. O. glomerata, Michz.! fl. 1. p. 83; Pursh, fe 


. Margin of swamps, and — brackish marshes, New. York! and 
New Jersey! to NE ! and Louisiana! June~Oct.—Stem 2-18 “aces 


high. Leaves half an "e to an in sare long, Xen slightly pubescent, so 


what 3-nerved at the bate; slightly entm Stipules on each side cleft eid 
ly to the base into 2 —_— divisions, bs io are as long as the petioles or 
Darrowed base of the leaves. Flow s small, seldom solitary or three to- 


gether, and €  pedicllat, usually in idee dense clüsters. Corolla many 


mb of the calyx, white; the lobes semiovate. 
plant does Mak be blackish | in drying. d 


$5. (An gen.?) Flowers pentamerous : corolla ees 5-lobed, , 
somewhat longer than the 5 lanceolate-subulate teeth of the calyx, which are 
erect in fruit, with the sinuses obtuse; stamens 5, ililuded, mot towards 

the base of the corolla : anthers oblong : style as long as the stamens: cap- 
sule turbinate, wholly coherent with (and rather shorter than) the tube of the 
| calyx, loculicidal at the summit : icentæ pedicellate from the middle of the 

septum, horizontal: seeds. very n , angular: herb perennial, dichoto- 
me A 


ul TOTIS. " 
11. H. Halei: glabrous; stem diffase, dichotomous ; leaves oval-oblong, 


So E 


| 


3 
* 


21 


y. Heprozis. RUBIACEE. 43 


somewhat fleshy, rather acute, narrowed into a slight petiole; cymules 3-5- 
d, — pedunculate ; pee eg the vurbinato capsule. 
Red R ar Alexandria, Louisiana, Dr. Hale /—Stems 8-10 inc 
long, bran ed pont the dide: Leaver” an inch to an inch and a half für, 
half an inch = shining underneath. Stipules broad, connate with the 
petioles, Pisis naceous, truncate, with 2-4 short yA appendages on 
each side. Pedicels scarcely longer ia, the calyx. Corolla white, about 
eet the length of the calyx-teeth. es of the stigma linear-oblong, 
airy. s minutely roughened.— — T'his plant — to accord wil 
Hod)otis (Oldenlandia), except in its pentamerous flower 


Houstonia grandiflora, p & ciliata, Raf. m 7. Housl., in amn. sci. 
1820, (his subgenus Edrissa Ben ch c nia dbi to ; House aade are d. 
- v ierra of H. czrulea. ustonia o ence "wrote. and heterophylla, 


Susorper Ill. LOGANIEJE. R. Br. (Loganiacesm, Lindl., 
Endl. in part.) 


Leaves opposite. Stipules between the petioles, sometimes nearly 
obsolete. — /Estivation of the corolla valvate or convolute. Ovar 
from the persica cals, or nearly so.—Shrubs or herbs, natives of 
warm or tropical r tpe 


itable hos we compare la, a ann of Hedyouo with 
Calostylis, &c.), st we are fi e indications thrown out by the most 
und botanist who proposed the order or tribe (Appz. to F'linders, 2. p. 564, 


$2 and 
ongo, p. 448) ; although it is still no less true than when Mr. Brown. 
first made the 1 remark, that ngs are no satisfactory characters known to distinguis 
Rubiacez from Apocynace 


17. CCELOSTYLIS. Torr. § Gr. in Endl. decad., & iconogr. t. 101. 


Calyx deeply 5-parted. Corolla infundibuliform ; the limb 5-cleft, val- 
vate in estivation, the margins slightly reduplicate. Stamens 5, 
near the middle of the tube, included: anthers oblong-linear. Ovary 2- 
celled, free from the calyx, seated on a small 2-lobed disk: ovules 10 or 
more in each cell, peltate, covering the somewhat projecting placente, which 
arise from near the base of each cell: style included : the lower portion soli 
persistent; the upper half membranous, tubular, deciduous by an articula- 
tion; the summit cylindrical- ubclavate, villous with rigid collecting hairs: 
stigma undivided. Capsule dymous, composed of two subglobose rather 
coriaceous carpels, which at length separate from each other and from the 
indurated disk, opening elastically by loc loculicidal dehiscence. Seeds 6-8 on 
each globose placenta, wingless, angular, scrobiculate. Embryo nearly 
the length ofthe fleshy albumen, almost str straight: cotyledons oblong. —Her- 
baceous, probably perennial plants (natives of Florida and Texas), with 
somew] at angular- stems. Leaves opposite, ‘ovate or oblong-lanceolate, 
noel ae = petioled, wijh small entire stipules between the — 
or somewhat cymulose, axillary, dichoto- - : 
mal, uci obw 


x vy 


4 * RUBIACE X. CeLosTYLIS. .- 


§ R. Br. ; fro 
= and the i insertion of the sta 


- C. loganioides (Torr. ki Gr. l. c.) : leaves ovate and obovate, some- 
din at coriaceous ; the upper surface with the margins and the summit of the | 
stem somewhat pnberulent-scabrous. 

da, 


ear Fort King, Florida, Dr. Burrows !—Stem, or branches, slender, 6- 
10 inches long, ascending, glabrous except the e upper part and about the 
nodes, somewhat 4-angled by lines decurrent from the leaves; tw the 
angles more distinct. Leaves about half an inch c arcely petioled, 
rather obtuse, marked with a wis strong oblique veins. Flowers apparently 
three together at the summit (the central one on a abe pe SLE or solitary 
and epals haces distinct, linear-subulate, less than half the 


ax 
length of the corolla, minutely serrulate under a lens. Corolla about 4 lines 
long, glabrous, proba y white: the lobes ovate-lanceolate, acutish. Fila- 
ments scarcely longer than the anthers: pollen triangular. Ovary ovoid. 
ruit unknown. 


2. C. Terana : leaves lanceolate and oblong-lanceolate, membranaceous, 
pue: stem dichotomous at the summit. 
xas, Drummond !—Stem m in 12-18 inches high, 4-angled with 
aecureet e di-trichotomous at the summit, often bea aring 4 leaves in à 
l at the first tifsreation. Tapk? inches long, 6-8 lines wide, rather 
aie at Pih -— the veins few and nearly simp ipules ovate, those 
e 


ded together; the central ones n very short pedicels, Calyx, 
a, stamens, and style as in rin prece dioi moms xp that the as 
Sw 


18. NBEO. Linn. hort. Clif-; R. Br. eae : dn 450 (note) ; 
A. Rich. in mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 1. 
Ophiorhiza Mitreola, Linn. spec. weiner tat Gmel. 

Calyx 5-parted. Corolla pee aren = exceeding the calyx; 
bearded in the throat ; the lobes of the 5-parted limb ovate, 3-nerved. Sta- 
mens 5, included, inserted i into the lower part of the tube of the corolla : an- 
thers roundish. Ovary 2-celled, coherent with the calyx at the base : styles 
short, separate at the base, united above: stigmas also united, small. Cap- 
sule almost entirely free from the calyx, 2-horned or deeply 2-lobed, mitre- 


pun esed, each lobe dehiscent near the summit by the ventral suture: ` 


[s "s 


ques 


Gave 


P d 


MrTREOLA. RUBIACEA. "45 
cal: cotyledons short, ovate.—Annual glabrous herbs (natives of tropical 
America and the Southern United States), with opposite oval or lanceolate 
leaves, and very small entire stipules between the petioles. Flowers small, 
white, in terminal scorpioid cymes. 


Mitreola pan to differ from emper tec chiefly in its pentamero 


flowers.— species of this pensis n Polypremum, the mw 
are ks so copious, even in drie ensi, as o fasten the anthers strongly to 
the sti 


. M. petiolata: leaves membranaceous, lanceolate or oval-oblong, acute, 
tee atthe base into a pes e. Pu iorhiza Mitreola, Linn. me l. p. 
sk. 


150; Swartz, obs. p. 59, O.: lanceolata, Ell. ! 1. p. 238. 


a petiolata, Walt. P p. : 108. Cynoctonum petiolatum, Gmel. 


[x dim shady soil, PA: ! to Florida! and west to the borders of Texsal 
June-Sept.—Stem 1-2 feet high, somewhat branching. Leaves 1-3 inches 
long. Peduncles terminal and from the axils of the upper leaves, once or 
twice E Or trichotomous ; the flowers subsessile and unilateral 
along the somewhat circinate divisions, and solitary in the forks. racts 
minute, a ae ese one to each flower. Capsule e cima mitre-shaped ; the 
lobes som web flat id suaren and posteriorly, slightly pointed, diverg- 
ing, and then often somewhat convergent near the summit, each opening by 
a small diii in the ventral salare near the summit. 

2. M. sessilifolia : leaves firm or slightly coriaceous, ovate or rou 
sessile; the veins conspicuous b is —Ophiorhiza Mitreola, Michx. ! c 
1. p. 148 (p seh dee JH d En. f d 1. p. 237. O. ovalifo- 
lia, Muhl. > Croomii, Curtis! pl. Wilmingt. in Bost. jour. 
nat. hist. 1. ag 28. “hon mo sessilifolia, "Wait. ! Car. p. 108. a, 


, Gm 
B. angustifolia: ait "Jauceolaibealiiptical, closely sessile, obicotely- 


Damp shady soil, and wet banks of rivers, South etr Georgia! and 
Alabama! 5. Middle Florida, Dr. Chapman! June-Aug.—Stem 12-18 
inches high, somewhat quadrangular, alapter i or sometimes eise from 
the base, or slightly so at - summit. Leaves half an inch to a 

often nearly round, very obtuse at the base, and close imum es 
very small, boss of the ‘ower leaves indistinct. Peduncles and inflorescence, 
flowers. n closer 


ss his paper on the subject), who has proposed the e of = 
ophiaehusoiden but, as he has follow: Michaux, who considered dial 


c 
rhiza Mitreola 

19.7 seg secret a Linn., in act. Ups. (1741) t. 78; Lam. ilk t. 
ertn. fr. t. 62; Juss. in ann. mus. Par. 5. p. 255, § mem. mus. 
a i 382 ; DC. um 4. p. 435. 
Symphoranthos, Mitet. a 
Es os 4-parted; the divisions subulate from an ovate base, with 
scarious margins. Corolla somewhat rotate, not longer than the calyx ; the 


46 RUBIACE X. PorvPnEMUM. 


throat bearded ; the lobes of the 4-parted limb slightly unequal, oval. Sta- 


mens 4, inserted into the tube of the corolla towards the base, included: an- 
thers subglobose. Ovary coherent merely with the base of the calyx, 2- 
celled : style extremely short : stigma ovoid (large), entire. Capsule ovoid, 
shorter than the persistent calyx, slightly compressed and didymous, 2-celled, 
2-valved, loculicidal: placente oblong, ascending from near the base of the 
dissepiment, many-seeded. Seeds minute, angled, diaphanous. ** Embryo 
straight, in the axis of fleshy albumen." Gærtn.—A glabrous dichotomously 
much branched and diffuse annual herb, rather rigid ; with opposite subulate- 
linear leaves, connected on each side by an obscure stipular membrane. 


Flowers small and inconspicuous, solitary and sessile in each fork of the — 


branches, and terminal, subtended by one or two pairs of subulate bracts. 
Corolla white. 


P. procumbens (Linn. 1. c.)—Pursh, fl. 1. p. 99; Ell. sk. 1. p. 200; 
DC.! l.c. P. Linnei, Michz. ! - p. 

Dry fields bae pastures, Virginia! to Florida! Key West! and Louisi 
ana! May-Sept.—Stems numerous, procumbent or somewhat erect, 6-12 
g; the angles minutely ‘ican: ‘Leaves about an inch long, 

on 


Bracts similar to the upper apas Sepals = a green and rigid midrib 


and subulate point, the border broad and scarious. Throat of the corolla 
densely bearded : the 2 upper ? obes slighty po and perhaps a little 
egent from the lower. Sta ual. Capsule between crustaceous 


coriaceous ; the placente alba: nearly the length of. the cells, covered 
‘throughout with the very numerous see 


Orper LXXIV. VALERIANACEJE. DC. 


Tube of the calyx adherent to the ovary ; the limb various, some- 
times forming a plumose pappus, occasionally obsolete. Corolla tubu- 
lar-infundibuliform or obconical, often gibbous anteriorly or spurred ; 
the limb mostly 5-lobed, imbricate in sstivation. Stamens distinct, 
inserted into the corolla, sometimes 5, more frequently 3 or 4 (the pos- 
terior only, or this and one of the lateral ones being suppressed), 
rarely 2 or reduced to a single one (the posterior): anthers introrse. 
Ovary mostly 3-celled, two of the cells empty, the third containing @ 
solitary suspended ovule: style filiform: stigmas 2-3, or united into 
one. Fruit membranaceous or coriaceous, indehiscent, 1-celled, or 
frequently 3-celled with 2 of the cells empty, sometimes 2-celled by 
the confluence of the empty cells, 1-seeded. Seed anatropous, with a 
membranaceous testa, destitute of albumen.—Herbs or sometimes 
shrubs; the perennial species with thick and odorous roots or rhizomas. 

_ Leaves opposite, exstipulate, simple or divided. Flowers in dichoto- 
mous cymes, at first often glomerate, frequently corymbose or panicu- 
late. Corolla white, rose-color, or blue, rarely purple or yellow. 


EN. 


t 


VALERIANA. VALERIANACE./E. 47 


1. VALERIANA.  Tourn.; Linn. (excl. spec.); Neck. elem. 1. p. 122; 
C. mem. Valer., & prodr. 4. p. 632. 


Limb of the calyx involute after flowering, at length evolute, forming a 
plumose pappus of numerous sete, deciduous. Corolla obconical, or with a 
cylindraceous tube, sometimes gibbous, but not spurred at the base; the 
limb obtusely 5- (rarely 3-4-) cleft, regular. Stamens 3. Fruit 1-celled 
when mature (with no vestiges of the abortive cells), 1-seeded. Perennial 
herbs or sometimes shrubby plants, with divided or undivided leaves. Flow- 

ers cymose, the dichotomal flowers sessile; the cymules often paniculate or 
glomerate. Bracts usually opposite. Corolla white, sometimes bluish or 
rose-color. x 


Our species are all true Valeriaris (8 Puv, DC.), and are perennial herbs. 
* Stems climbing or twining. 


1. V. scandens (Linn.): herbaceous, glabrous, climbing and twining; 
leaves on slender petioles, ternately divided ; the divisions ovate or er nt 


spec. 1 
F lords, "Bald orth ! St tem — branching, climb- 
ing to the height d t or ^i eee ues membranac 


* * Sen erect : root or vhizoma somewhat creeping, — 


c lobes, on joa petioles ; caul nes lig divided; the divi- 
sions cence or ovate-lanceolate — or obscurely serrate, the s minal 
one larger; flowers sal perfect and E numerous, in a compact cyme; 
lobes of ‘be stigma 2-3, minute; frui ovoid, compressed, peo 
Richards.! in appz. ie ankl. journ: ed. D p. 2; Hook.! fl. Bor. Am. 
p?91. V. ‘dioica, Pursh, fl. 9. p. 727. 

8. uliginosa : leaves ciliate ; the surface also (as well as the uL often 
minutely AEn the terminal division — toothed.— V. we 
ca? Beck! bot. p. 164. 


of ou um- 
mond! f.In swamps, Fairhaven, Vermont, Dr. Robbins! Beck! Prof. 
Tully ! yo County, New York, Dr. Sartwell ! Near Pontiac, Michi- 
illia a 


ing the odor of 
officinalis. Plant 10-24 ha es high. Divisions of the cauline leaves 5-11, 
varying from om oblong-ovate to linear-lanceolate, os acute. rns short, 
obconical, gibbous at the base, rose-co -color.—-The flowers of the northern plant 


? 


(var. a.) are no lar arger than those of V. of fe rope (to which Hooker 
thinks the species is probably too nearly allied); but the pede sine the 
RE States, besides the differences already indicated, has 


! rs: the cyme, at first glomerate, is at length open and Mime pan- 
ee The fruit of the northern plant is unknown to us; in that of the 
ited States it is glabrous, narrowly oblong-ovate, 3-nerved on one | 

and on $ in the com C 


48 VALERIANACESR. ^ VALERIANA. 


pauciflora (Michx.) : glabrous ; ; stem simple, slender, often decum- 1 
UA i Abe 1 base and surculose; radical leaves on slender petioles, ovate, 
cordate, acuminate, crenate-t toothed: sometimes ternately divided, wit | 
ihe lateral divisions small; cauline leaves pinnately 3-7-divided ; the 
divisions ovate or oblong-ovate, often petiolulate, acute or acuminate, mostly 
serrate; cymules few-flowered, paniculate; tube of the corolla long and 
slender, with a minute gibbosity at the base; fruit elliptical, flat, minutely 
pubescent along the middle, marked on one side with " 4 and appre roximate, 
other with 3 distant nerves.— Michz. ! fl. 1. p. 18; Nutt.! gen. l. p. 
20; DC. d 4. p. 638. 
Along the Alleghany eg oam from Virginia! to Tennessee! and in 
the Western States! June-July.—Stem 1-3 feet high. Leaves thin and 
membranaceous. Corolla pers pink, 8 lines to near an inch in length. 


4. V. capitata ( Willd.) : anero, or pubescent at the nodes of the erect 
ampie stem; radical and lower cauline leąves on slender petioles, ses 
mple ~ ovate or broadly oval, Soblise or pinnately 3-5-divided ; the di- 
Vis bro adly o iis Foume io ed, repan ii roe or often entire, the 
terminal one larges e upper cauline leaves somewhat sessile, undivided 
= often piii d: the ditione (or codem oblong or ovate-oblong, 


mostly ac rrate-toothed or entire; cyme glomerate or often capitate; 
bracts filiform linear, elongated ; corolla a opens. c on one side, at first short ; 
He tube at length elongated; fruit ovate-oblong, ompressed, Meu omes 
S ' rved on one side, 1-nerv d on the Aaa illd. o 
ult. mant. 1. p. 257 (under V. sis mbriifolia, byat a pica e error us 
Chain. & Schlecht in Linnea, 3 Pl i2 s e Dr 1. 627 i k. § 
Arn. bot. Beechey, p.125; Hoo E f ate sip 999. 
B. Hookeri EM larger cyme more or je ex para —V. pauciflora, 
Hook.! l c. t. 101, of Michx. V. Hoo i V. Sitchensis, 


Bongard, in mem. i St. Petersb. (ser. 6) 2. 
"Kotzebue's Sound, Chamisso eec las y D» oe weg 8 e y 
ena Sound, Eschscholtz! Arcti ast, Dr. Richardson ! 
and islands of the Oregon, Dousias; Dr. Scouler! Woods fn ud po 
Mountains about lat. 569, teque d ant 1-3 feet high. Leaves or 


segments one to nearly 3 inches long, mbranaceous, veiny, obtuse Or 
ese E at each end. cde. slightly hairy. Corolla whitish or 

at first about the length of the bracts, in size equal to those 
of fl the mee allied V. tripteris of Eu bous about to the same degree 


bitoni m 
and in the same manner; but the tube at length elongates an 
slender, and the gibbosity nearly Poil the fully developed denm 
not 


a 
d 
E] 
Em 
n 
lou] 
> 
Bm 
®© 
— 
& 
88 
Zoe 
~ 
e 
—-- 
si 
Ru 
T 
fa 
io) 
5° 
o 
mM 
ig 
€ 
p” 
© 
LES 


v 
. never seen them cordate, nor does Hooker i fopbtvonet tthem thus. Our speci- 
konkreta Eschscholtz, as well as one from Kotzebue’s Sound ga- 
thered in eechey’s Voyage and given to us by Dr. Arnot t mii 
well be : rir ite? to the var. 8., which we are pestes is only a aci lux 
ant state of the northern plant. It is also a nati d ae 
Judging from the description, we should hav v colored the v. nobel 
Bongar / without hesitation, to our var. 3.; but it is said to differ dl "m 
apitata, * as well in the form of the leaves uir its heen habit.” The 
of the em o is also said to have a stronger odor than that of V. offii- 
nalis, and mployed medicinally Ny the Dae of the island 


* * * Stem erect: root fusiform, fleshy : leaves somewhat fleshy. - 
5. V. edulis (Nutt. mss.): stem very glabrous; leaves all somewhat 


fleshy, pu petioled; the radical ones linear-lanceolate, entire, or 1-2- 
* _pinpatoly partod, with tbe les Mainin: the cauline deeply pinnatifid, 


VALERIANA. | VALERIAN ACER. 49 


with linear segments; panicle elongated; the. peduncles ternately verticil- 

late; flowers white (Hook.) ; “ fruit ovate, compressed, pubescent ; the limb 

of the c calyx at length evolved ina pred ds i about 15 setze." Nutt.— 
atrinia ceratophylla, 

Interior of Oregon from Wallawaltah A Pikeule dee to the bod 
the Rocky Mountains, Dougla ultall.—** Stem ab ut a foot, the 
plains of the Rock Ky ountains me 3-4 inches high. Flowers CL Sim. 
in paniculated clusters. Leaves thin and membranaceo a Fruit one- 

cole d. m This is one of the numerous plants, kde roots of which fur 

food t ihe aborigines of the country. The thick and ‘fusiform black 
wa although bitter and appa Pep: pernicious, w when beide n heated stones 
or steamed under r ground is converted into a pulpy mass, sweet and rather 
agree cab ii to p taste, ere bag AS nhs aie Mars Nutt.—The following 
is Sram an allied spec 


V. cilia very s abrous, striate, simple; leaves somewhat 
fishy, bred; ibbsely ciliate; the radical ones entire, Wwe 
tapering into a slender shea thing base; some of them often pinnately 5-7- 


eo w (1 Is 
sessile, pinnately 3-9-parted ; the segments line owers in an elongated 


e 
limb of the calyx at length evolved in a inde crown of about 12 enn 
ted setze.— V. n. sp., scere cat. Ohio plants. Patrinia longifolia, Mac- 
Nab, ie Edinb. EL. jour. : 
amps a t allu vial prairies, “near Springfield, Ohio, Mr. Wil- 
use Mr. Sullivant ! / Urbana, Ohio, Mr. Samples! Milwaukie” Camy, 
Wisconsin, Mr. Lapham! On the Maitland River, near Goderich, U ppe 
Canada, Mr. J. Macnab (1834). June.—Root fusiform, often 6 to 12 inches 
long, resembling that of the carrot in color and appearance, except that it is 
inclined to become horizontal and branched below, bitter and somewhat aro» 
matie to the taste, mucilaginous - (Mr. Samples, Mr. pouting x — 1-3 


r even 4 feet high in fruit, sometimes leafless. s dark green; the 
radical ones 4 to 9 inches long; clustered ; the veins Pn arie but 
reticulated. Panicle at length elongated to ge or more; the primary 

ranches rather remote, elongated; the flowers, as usual in the genus, at 


rst glomerate, but loose in fruit—The Patrinia longifolia of MacNab was 
doubtless founded upon a small and immature re interesting 
p x» Eg name is pre-occupied in Valeri 
3 f Doubtful Species. 
ep (Phyllactis) obovata (Natt.) : stemless; root fusiform ; leaves radia- 
g Eo og Tb, irsute-pilose. Bu ee 1. p. 21 (under Phyl- 
las Schu ép. > DC. 


4. p: 
are hills rhe is Arikaree village, Up pper Missouri —The expanded 
iboen, fruit &c., unknown. Nuttall.—A very doubtful p 


3 PLECTRITIS. € nd reg. t. 1095 (§ of Valerianella); Dc. 
mem. r. & prodr. 4. p. 631. 
Limb of the calyx truncate, entire, almost none. Tube of the corolla gib- 


bous anteriorly, spurred at the base ; the p PNS more or less Mise 
Stamens 3. Stigma capitate. Fruit 


.; the two empty ones open from top to bottom! each DT 


involute wing.—Annual glabrous herbs (natives of Me es 
YOL.IL.-7 


T 


F 


* 


dite 2, 
-— its free porti 


50 > VALERIANACE JE. PLECTRITIS. 2 


with the habit of Fedia; the stem simple or sparingly branched. Leaves 
entire, oblong or obovate-spatulate, sessile. Flowers rose-color, aggregated . 
in verticillate glomerules, or capitate. Bracts subulate, verticillate and in- 
volucellate, united at the base. 


que 


The flowers are, we believe, all perfect and similar; not pea? Hang as stated by 
De Candolle: the bracts are not multifid, but crowded and verticillate 


. P. congesta (DC.) : corolla manifestly page Ses spur (or rather its 
‘Bin portio n) sm mall, much shorter cem the tube; flowers in an oval or oblong 
' head, or often i in Vortcillate — mate or rather peters glomerules.— 
DC. ! 1. ¢.; Hook.! fl. Bor Di p. 991. P. congesta & P. capitata, 
Nutt. mss. Valerianella ongesta, Lindl. ! bot. reg. t. 1 V. parvi 
flora, Dougl. ined. (var. with smaller flowers and narrower leaves, He 

Banks of streams and moist umo along the Oregon, from the sea- -shore , 
the er bane. Douglas! Dr. ee Nuttall, Mr. Tolmie! May-Jun 
—Plant from 4 inches to 2 feet hi gh. Corolla usually 3 or 4 lines L^ 
Ovary eredi with short thick hairs, but m ostly glabrous when m 
ied along the face where it is shielded by the incurved wings. . 

P. macrocera: Jim mb of the corolla almost nr, small; the spur (or 
) thick, longer than the tube; stem s ender; flowers 
ate.—P. mecum B. Hoo k. eite f a ud suppl. p. 349, excl. 


— 


3. FEDIA. Mench; Gertn. fr. t. 86 (ends pe J3 EA Woods, in Linn. 
trans. 17. p. 421, 
* Fedia & Valerianella, Mench, DC. x 

Limb of the calyx toothed and persistent, or obsolete. Tube of the corolla 
(sometimes gibbous) not spurred ; the limb 5-lobed, sese or slightly irregu- 

- Stamens 2or 3. Stigma entire, or 2-3-lobed. Fruit 3-celled ; two of 
the cells empty (sometimes confluent into one), the c 1- seeded. bd 
nearly glabrous herbs, more or less dichotomous a Leaves oblong OF 
linear, sessile, entire, or often toothed or incised near ted base. Flowers in T 
glomerate or crowded cymules, white, rose-color, or purple. Bracts opposite, ; 
or somewhat involucellate.— Corn-Salad. 


PR. 


Our first section is almost exactly intermediate between Fedia and Valerianella : 
hand De Cend y iate een aan eri 
wow : e Pee = ; having the corolla of the former, with the fruit, stamens 


$1. Tube of the corolla long and slender ; the limb slightly irregular: sta- 

mens 3: stigma 3-cleft: fruit flattened fore and aft, with a somewhat cre- 

ped. transverse section ; the empty cells membranaceous, inflated, 
separated and diverging, larger than the fertile cell. —S1pHONELLA. 


> RW 


* 


FEDIA. VALERIANACEÆ. EX. 


1. F lon longiflora: tube e the corolla filiform, many times longer than nh 
limb or cede ovary; fruit with a nearly piae outline, nearly gla 
ae area at ^» summit; the teeth which crown the empty prs 
obse a ved; flowers in rekiste cymules; bracts lanceolate, 
glaudularly Gribrisilitetrolate i ; lower eei rr E the upper 
linear-oblong, entire.—Pectritis longiflora 

Plains of Arkansas, Nuttall /—Plant fabros x inches high; the stem 
several times dichotomous above an inch . 
about an inch long; the (porplish) filiform ges pem t all gibbous, 
abruptly dilated at the summit into a very small slightly rigent o 
limb. Stamens and style exserted. Empty cells of the fruit separa 
top to eem almost lateral, much larger than the somewhat cartil > 
fertile ce 

ae e tube of the corolla slender, twice or thrice the length of 
the ‘limb, furnished with a small callous gibbosity above the middle ; fruit 
a Very: lab l t 


summit; flowers in capitate cymules; bracts ovate-lanceolate, glandularly 
rrulate ; leaves entire, s wa agi vate-spatulate ; ; the uppermost oblong.— 


Plectritis spathulata, Nutt. / 
Plains of Arkansas, with the gen (which it resembles,) T — 
Tube of is (white) she shorter, end the limb la rger in pro proporti Fruit 


very similar to = ed immature in the specimen, fattened, concavo- 

convex or lunulat 

§ 2. Corolla rg a short tube and a regular limb: stamens 3: ae 3-cleft 
or entire: empty cells of the fruit membranaceous and. inflated, or sometimes 
nerviform.—V ALERIANELLA, Mcenc h, DC 

* Fruit with a gibbous corky or spongy mass at the back of the fertile cell; the empty 
cells large, sometimes confluent.—Locuste, DC. 


. F. olitoria (Vahl.): fruit compressed, ie, at a= broader than 
kang glabrous ; the calyx teeth obscure or none; the partition between the 


. empty cells often imperfect; € "— petiole flowers pale blue.— 


Vahl, enum. 1. p. 19 ; J. Woods, in Linn. 22-17 9490 CBE T Ur) 
F. cerulea, Atkin! i n Eaton n. bot., d ree . F. radiat 
Bart. compend. ? Valeria ana locus a. olitoria V. olitoria, Willd. 


= l. p. 182. ex olitoria, M meth, PA 493 ; * Du 
iata, WC. l. c; 
"uei i rhombi- 


aler. p. 56, t. prodr. 
pig E - fl. ’ Cest. P. 11 (ebien d not F, Aa ve didt "ao 
carpa, 
Fields, Moylan d and ‘Virginia, Dr. Aikin! New Orlea 
| H J 


ase, radiata, 
in small pre Stigma o cations lobes. 
Transverse secti Si fruit 'llipical; the spongy ian often nearly as 
large as the pine od 


* 3 Fruit triquetrous, not grooved between the (at length 7. ?) empty cells, which 
Jorm the anterior angle, and are much smaller than the fertile one; the latter not 
Ticked a£ the back.— rigonocele. 


4. F. Fagopyrum : fruit triangular, with an ovate i EE 
when mature, obsol etely 2-3-toothed at the apex — ee 
the anterior somewhat obtuse ; upper leaves bad -—- riae acute ; 


Ait. 
GR. 


52 "VALERIANACEJE Fena. € 


flowers white.—F. radiata, Torr. ! fl. 1. p. 35, chiefly, not of Michx: Val- 

erianella Mr, Beck, bot. p. 164, partly. T. 

. Swampy shady grounds, Western part of the State of New York! to- 
higan! - apparently in Ohio and Kentucky. May. —Stem 6-18 

inche es high, dichot tomous above, menthe labrous. Leaves an : een or an 


€ bat Sra ien mature, in shape resembling a grain of buck- 


empty cells taken together roundish, membranaceous, with the anterior 
groove wg minute or none ; the dissepiment dee and —Q wee dis- 


h 
arger leaves, all obtuse, inclined to be ciliate, and the upper often tooth 
the base: they will doubtless prove to belong to this species. 


* * * Fruit not thickened or corky at the back of the fertile cell; the transverse section 
somewhat orbicular or crescent-shaped : empty cells as large as or larger than the fere —— 
- tile one, either contiguous or separated. —Platycele & Selenocele, DC. 1 
TEP radiata (1 (Michx.) : fruit ovoid, pubescent, obtusely and unequally 1 
somewhat des aed, slightly 1-toothed at the summit; the empty cells con- — 
tiguous, arather deep groove between thegi rather ues than 
the CT fertile cell; Fels s leaves often toothed ; flowers white.—/Michz. ! 
Ji. 1. p. Vahl. en Er kcu v -- l. p. 49. Valeriana locusta € 
a En. des 3 v. Walt. Car. p. 66. V. radiata, —— 
Willd. T en ? LOT Wale RP AASS Dips l. c.? (ex syn.), not of DC. " 
B.? : fruit o cies glabrous, the fertile cell rather narrow? ——— 


uc . lic i 
synonym of iB — be reed: the character —— albis’ —— 
applies best to F. ra. : of | 
ed — a ture 

it a distinct spec; 


E hein, ‘at bglobose-i psi brous, slightly 1 
Tief ae i (chinos inflate a ise very Ee 

- ing, much eres their — omits D nearly orbicular, much larger 
_— cell, which is narrowly oblong and flattened on the back; 


1 GEESE ho) EE ees 


*e 


w 


mo 
ea 


sa d 


Feia. ; VALERIANACEÆ. J.B 
upper leaves usually incisely toothed; bracts oval- E acute, not 


“Texas, * between Bejar and Austin, Berlandier, " DC. (under Valerian- 


. ella pumila), Drummond !—Habit of F. radiata. Leaves dra slightly -i z 


all cltinio: Flo venis « small glomerate cymules. Bracts without scari 
gins. Corolla e m small and short. Stigma with 3 short lobes. Cells 


** Observations on the species of Fedia - published in the seventeenth volume 
of the Transactions x the Linnæan Society), has thrown otii light upon 
the — rn spec 
; i Doubtful Species. 
"E si gren tese Zo dichotomous ; leaves ovate, acute, toothed 


"s the naked, divaricate-dichotomous; filaments long. 
Pursh, 


Jt. 2 Sp 72 
Virginia, Herb. Sherard. Lo About a span high; flowers the size of 
Valeriana officinalis. Pur. 


Orver LXXV. DIPSACEZ. Vaill.; Dc. 


Tube of the calyx adherent to the ovary, or sometimes free except - 
at the summit; the limb various, sometimes forming a hairy or plu- 
mose pappus. Corolla tubular; the limb 5-cleft, or 4-cleft by the 
union of the two superior lobes; the inferior lobe larger and overlap- 
ping the others in estivation. Stamens 4, inserted into the corolla 
towards its base (the posterior one suppressed), distinct, or rarely with 


_ the filaments united in pairs: anthers introrse: pollen tetrahzedal. 


Ovary 1-celled, with a single suspended ovule: style filiform: stigma 
simple or 2-lobed. Fruit membranaceous or acheniform, indehiscent, _ 
crowned with the limb of the calyx, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Seed anatro- : í 
pous, with a very thin testa which often coheres with the pericarp. 
Embryo nearly the length of the fleshy albumen.—Herbs o or suffrutes- 
cent plants (none of them natives of America); with e opposite or 


- verticillate sessile leaves, without stipules. Flowers aggregated in a 


dense involucrate head upon a common receptacle (rarely in dense 
whorls), each usually subtended by a chaff-like bract, and surrounded i 
at the base by a very short closely appressed e inyolacel; 

the corolla of the exterior flowers often ra 


1. DIRSACUS: d m ; Gertn. fr. t. edd Coult. Dips. p. 91, 
in DC. prodr. 4. p 

Flowers capitate ; the Bae pete =. than the somewhat . 

foliaceous acuminate chaff of the receptacle. Involucel 4-sided, closely 


1 
4 
54 DIPSACER. i Dirsacus. . 
investing the ovary and fruit. Tube of the calyx coherent with the ovary; —— 
the limb cup-shaped or discoid. Limb of the corolla 4-cleft. Stamens 4. — $ 

Stigma longitudinal.—Biennial erect stout herbs (natives of Europe and d 
Middle Asia), hairy or prickly. Leaves opposite, often connate at the base, 
undivided or laciniate. Heads large, oblong or roundish; the expansion of .. 
the flowers commencing about the middle and proceeding in opposite direc- m 
tions! Corolla pale purple, yellowish, or whitish. z 


1. D. sylvestris (Mill.) : stem, with the midrib of the leaves xe involucre, 
prickly, angled ; pet Janceolate-oblong, crenate-toothed ; uppermost | 
lanceolate, mostly entire; leaves of the involucre long and pt pungent, 
curved upwards, ng than the oblon ng head ; chaff of the receptacle taper- 
ing into a long setaceous flexible awn-like appendage, v Hes a straight point.— 

Mull. dict. no. 2 ; MA f Austr. t. 402 ro Dan. t. 965 ; Engl. bot. t. 
1032; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 96; Torr.! fl. 1 164 ; L Darling. ! fl. Cest. 


P- 
Fields cur road-sides, not uncommon in the Northern and Middle States; 
 naturalize d. July-Aug. — Corolla pale purple, pubescent.— Wild Tease. ~ 


D. Fullonum, the F'uller's Teasel, is sometimes cultivated, but it has never become 
naturalized in this CUT 


. pe  COMPOSITJE. VailL; Linn.; Adans. 


Synanthere, Rich.—Syngenesia, Linn. sex, syst.—Compositiflore, Garin. 

_ Flowers collected into a dense head (compound flower of the older 
authors) upon ‘a common receptacle, surrounded by an involucre. 
Tube of the calyx coherent with the ovary and undistinguishable from . 
it; the limb (called pappus) composed of bristles or scales, &c., or — 

. very rarely foliaceous, often wanting or reduced to a margin. Corolla 

=- composed of mostly 5 united petals; either ligulate or tubular, in the ` 

. latter case with a valvate æstivation ; the tube generally furnished 

with 5 nerves (or more properly 10 united in pairs) which extend 
from the base to the sinuses, where they divide, a branch coursing - 
along or near each margin to the apex of the lobes. Stamens aS 
many as the lobes of the corolla and alternate with them: the fila- — 
ments (distinct or united above) inserted into the tube: anthers linear 
coherent by their margins into a cylinder (syngenesious). Ovary l- 
celled, containing a single erect anatropous ov vule: style (usually 
undivided in the sterile flowers) 2-cleft ; the lobes or branches (incor- 
rectly called stigmas) various in form, mostly flattish within, often 
furnished with collecting hairs; the proper stigmas occupying their 
inner margins, in the form of glandular slightly prominent lines. 
ruit an indehiscent id l.seeded pericarp (achenium), crowned with 


5e 


COMPOSITE. a 


the limb of the calyx or pappus. Seed destitute of albumen. Radicle 
short: cotyledons flat or plano-convex.—Herbs, rarely shrubs or trees 
(forming about tenth of phanerogamous vegetation) ; with alternate 
= or opposite sometimes divided or lobed exstipulate leaves. Branches 
= often corymbose, terminated by the heads, the central ones earliest 
developed. Flowers in each head expanding successively from the 
margin (or lower portion) to the centre or apex, either all of the same 
color (homochromous), or the marginal ones different from those of the — 
disk (heterochromous), the latter in this case almost always yellow; — 
either perfect, polygamous, or diclinous. € 


he cler to this order, or emplo yed in a partic cular | 
sense, The head e me eens oy by caer ent author: s the presen Anthodium, 
or Cephalanthium ; the involucre has received the nam yz, Pericli- 
nium, $-c.; and the receptacle has been bd the Phoronikiuim n, Clinanihium, or | 


Rachis: we Mn employed none of these terms. The head is said to be oga- = 


flowers are perfect; or Aeter ous, when 
pistillate or neutral, and the others perfect or staminate: it 
the corolla is tubular throughout ; lig , when all the corollas are 
When the ma ju ones only are ligulate and the others tubul 
when the corollas are all bilabiate : are monacious, 
flowe py. x same he ocephalous, when they 
heads upon the same individual ; die sedi when in separate 


dividuals. The ment leaves "of the inv volucre are a 


which is the axis of a contracted or depressed ee 
termed rachis, by Lessing), is said to ace Mora when sra he flowers 
are subtended by chaffy scales (bracteoles, Desio, ick riot 
of the involucre; semipa s, wh ly furnished with m sc ies, 


epaleaceous 

1s surrounded at the base with a very short scaly ring or involucel, so as to S 

an appearance like honey-comb when the achenia are removed; j ph 
has 


A ly more or less prolonged at the summit into a mem ranous ap- 
pesdese (appendiculate) ; and sometimes each lobe or cell bears a subulate or seti- 
n i caudate. ‘The achenia 


of this vast family, we introduce a synopsis of its leading ivisions ; and give, at 
commencement of each tribe, a conspectus of its subdivisions and ge so 

of No meric: is the ) 
sary, since the student m. may at first meet with some difficulty in the application of the 
leading technic al characters of the tribes, derived from the form of the styles and 


E 
CONSPECTUS OF THE TRIBES. 3 di 
Suzorper I. TUBULIFLORJE —Corolla of the perfect flowers tubular, and - 
(rarely 3-4-) toothed or lobed. 
Tribe I. Vernontacez. ae of the perfect flowers c mie — 
_ usually elongated and subulate, hispid the stigmatic lines not 
a extending beyond theif middle. 
ribe II. EvPATORIACEE. the perfect flowers cylin s; the branches 

elongated, obtuse or = ari externally a one or papas to towards. the 

summit ; the sipnodit Rt lines obscure, termina middle. "uem s = 
f - 


55 COMPOSITE. - 


linear, e Vrae flattish, and ee cae and e 


Tribe III. AsrERorpgz. Style of the perfect flowers er: te branch 
5 equall 


b 


exterior sti , 
Tribe IV. Se ENECIONIDEE. St UM f the scil flowers cylindraceous; the 
branches linear, truncate at the Ac S pu or often e ced- 


* 


Tribe V s EX. St a f the perfect flowers nodose- reu and o 
peniilue at the amait: the stigmatic lines not prominent, reaching to ve 
confluent at the summit of the externally puberulent epp +f 5 Fi 3 


+443 SUBORDER IL LABIA TIFLORJE.——Corolla of the perfect flowers bilabiate. í 
1 1 


"Tribe VI. ACE. Style of the ge flowers cylindraceous or som mewhat E 
E^ nodose above; the b ahoi obtuse or fade externally wr convex and : 
(oe minutely sett Be above. 4&6 J 
ie. me hé Nassavviace®. Style of the perfect flowers not nodose-thickened — 
Es ove; the bran ranches linear, rather long, truncate, penicillate at the summit-4 G4 


yey Suporver III. LIGULIFLORA.—Flowers all perfect and pe 


Tribe VIII. Cicnoracem. Style c cylindraceous above; the br hes rather 
long and obtuse, equally pubescent ; ; the stigmatic lines ternitlinting below 

a their middle.—Plants with is ics xy id 
E Ep- Ao Mn 


Susorper I. TUBULIFLORJE. DC. 


Veces LES no AU IP EEN 


Corolla of the perfect flowers tubular, and regularly 5. (rarely M | 
toothed or lobed. Pollen globose, echinulate, or (in Cynaree) rarely 
smooth and ellip tical. 


= .. Temel VERNONIACEE. Less. 

Heads discord” ‘with the flowers all tubular and perfect ( omo) 

c mous), or rarely radiate ; ka ray flowers ligulate and pistillate. 

— . Tolla occasionally palmate or obscur urely bilabiate. Style cylir 

T above; the branches iobdate he d elongated (rarely short A 

equally Se; = M ines terminating below 
middle, not conflue 


ec CONSPECTUS OF THE Lee 3 

k e ES Subtribe 1. VERNoNUE.— Heads discoid, homogamous. 

T 1. Vernonia. Heads several-many-flowered. - "Páppus Sf baise ii 

s Pigs. Heads many-flowered, Pappus of 4-5 long bristly deciduous Men i 
several persistent chaffy die. ered, aggregated in ag erules. Pappus | 


wu Subtribe 2, PEcriDEX.—Heads radiate, bue dins 


2 - 4 
4. Kanrmisoa, Corolla of the disk regular. Leaves klandices. : 
if Tiporsis. Corolla regular. Leaves punctate. Pappus ; 
. € Pectis. C of the disk obscurely punctate with glands. — 

deii. 

D &. 
a ous T o 
= "T ea X 


VERNONIA. e LO te: 57 
Subtribe 1. yaaah, Cass. — Heads discoid ; the flowers all perfect. 
Branches of the style elongated or acuminate.—Leaves mostly alternate. 
Flowers of the ED series, viž., white, blue, purple, or red, but wo 
yellow. 


1. iino Schreb. gen. p. 541 ; DC. prodr. 5. p. 15. ~ 


Heads several-many-flowered ; the flowers all equal and tubular. Invo- 
lucre imbricate, shorter than the flowers; the inner scales longest. Recepta- 
cle commonly naked. Corolla regular; the lobes about the length of the 

be. Filaments smooth. Achenia mostly striate or ribbed, with a cartila- 
ginous callus at the base. Pappus usually double ; 3 the interior of copious x. ^ 
capillary bristles ; ; the exterior mostly short. or minute, often. imewhagg 
squamellate or chaffy.—Mostly perennial herbs or shrubby plants (chiefly 2 
tropical), with usually alternate leaves, and various inflorescence, in the 
North American species cory mbose-cy mose. E ges rose-color, 
or white. S> i 


c» —.* Cauline ledies very r. A odas 
£0, a hx.): stem slender, simple, nearly naked iow H 

leaves ei eo stone 5 bescent on the a bebai; the radical — 

es oval or ohevateohong ded te-serrate, narrowed at the base ; the cau- 
line maller, Psp ern: hie ves heads few, in pan 
- late or , 0- i involucre campanulate, moak 
shorter an the mature pre ate the eyi with spreading acuminate tips, 
EEE e ciliate; acheni -ribbed, nearly glabrous ‘when mature.— 


M ichz. ! 0:9. p. 94 ; Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 134; Ell. sk. 9. p. 286; Less. in Lin- 
mea, 6. p. 677 ; DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 62. — cibi Walt. Car. p. 
le 


pine barrens, N. Carolina! to Florida! Ju ne-July.— 21 Stem 
E feet igi, a little hairy; the root stoloniferous seco to “Eliott. Ex- 
' involucre loose, subulate, sometimes as long as the inner. __ 


ES xc Stem leafy : cymes corymbose a old : 
-PE acensis (Willd.) : stem striate, slightly pubescent; leaves lan-  ~—_ 
ceolate eo cepa lanceolate, sh arply. serrate , acute at ea ch -— — e 
Opened; d rs slightly scabrous above; cyme e fastigiate; heads nume- =- 
0-flowered; involucre hemispherical-campanulate, sortes. pu 4^ 
the men s the scales si r , ovate, lv produced into a subulate or < 
filiform flexuous appendage ; several of the > eee subulate, loose. and due 
abrous or 


aee ene cs 
1 . 392, Ce d gue 
sca IST ipe voluere 2 te or acuminate, some of them usually with 
i gi pee or filiform points. —V. prealta, Willd.* L c. (not of DC.) Serra- 
tula prealta & glauca, — i+ 
* y. Stem, Cym = , and lower EN er the leaves tomentose ; rra 
long filiform poinis.—V. ibid tosa, Ell. sk. 2. p. 288. Chrysocoma tomen- 
tosa, Walt. Car. p. 1 ‘3 
5 ae, 


- ARE : dust. 
x* a si Ru " AO ^ 
w ie » i =e WEE S 
É ; r e : = 
ps E k- AON D / 


58 COMPOSITE. Ve 


Wet m pneny throughout the United States, pecY near the coast 
and along ri July-Aug.—2( Stem 3-6 feet high. Scales of the invo- 
lucre fee nish- purple, mostly ciliate MES Aibwelk like deg Corolla deep 
purple, rarely pale or pink-color.—Jron-weed. - 


E E ~~ CA stem and lanceolate serrulate leaves tomentose- 


Sec in ann. lye. New York, 2. p.:SIL ¥. kn " Nutt. ! in 
trans. Amer. are soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 28$. (ined.) 
On the Missouri, pcdes / Arkansas, Nuttall/—2{ Pla me Te- 


- spects intermediate between V. Noveboracensis and V. fascia teta: ay ae 


bably distinct from both ; “she heads em smaller than in the forme 


em somewhat petioled ; cyme fastigiate; the heads numerous, s, approx- 
imate or crowded, 15-30-flowered ; involucre hemispheric al-cam panulate, 
much shorter than the pappus; the scaleseall clo osely appressed, ciliate; the 


outermost much shorter, acute cronulate; the ot obtuse, not mucro- 
nate; achenia glabrous when Doy zs almost the length of the pappus-—= - 
4 Michz.! fl. 9. p. 94. (not of DC.) V. alüssima, Less. in Linnea, We 
639. -V. prealta, DC.! l.c ° (chiefiy „excl. syn. Dill. Elth. ?) ; not of Linn.! 
$ aped gigantea, Walt.? . corymbosa, Schweinitz.! in Long's 
na 


y. lower surface of the leaves often puberulent ; ; ‘heads coal, 
^e scales of the involucre sometimes rather acute or mucronulate. i 
sima, JVutt.! gen. 2. PE. sk. 2 


ð. near wes glabrous ; es rather A the scales greenish ; flowers 
MEDY W 


4 T cky, Dr. Short! Ju cwn ug.—2[ Stem tall (6219 feet, Nutt.) a d 
stout. "G me usually dead and fastiginaal or sometimes loose and Ne | 
Flowers (except in var. 9. ) bright purple. ` Pappus either pale or purple 


hes long. 


5. F. 
leaves oper uin) narrowly lanceolate, elongated, sessile, glab 


: stem nearly glabrous, striate, corym mbose 3 aN the Lo 


1 


ntire, both sides puncticulate ; cyme corymbose-fastigiate ; [wn about 40) | E 


15-20-flowered, rather large ; involucre € oblong-campanulate or turbinates 


E 
E 
e 


, acuminate or 


On the Arkansas? Dr. dude Da e im »nsistit 
y of a branch but cre abana note differ X 
heads are half an inch in 


specie: length, m l 
pa ng usual; 1; the sealee bordered with an arachnoid hs ad many 5 
species, 


greenish, reddish tips. 
eens Bar 7 ee E ae monis or pedicel 
Be E 


is mibi 
S Mt rnm iu 


acute at the shorter than the p il ges all ed ice lance — : 
M»: ac a gla 


en lab: 
shorter than the pappus; the exterior "chal p indistinct —V. al- 
tissima ? B- marginat ata, Torr. ! ER very 7 


uu € 


ry p 
_ Hale! Texas, Drummond! 


VERNONIA. COMPOSITE. 59 


V. aputila. icn, i qm Sender simple or branched, hairy be- 


ia leaves n so, linear or E m 
often Milbscent espeelllly on "e "inidrib beneath ; wer remotely serr 
pei $ ras EU with revolute margins, seers Re edited ; cyme Sihhi 
mbelliform, Shen simple ; heads 15-25-flowered ; involucre 
pellen n diei than the pappus ; the scales ovate or lanceolate, the 


exterior mostly loose and bracteolate, either mucronate or furnished with sub- 
ulate or filiform hones achenia Partis hispid on the ribs, much shorter 
= the pappus.—Michr.! fl. 2 

upper Fleas slender, very Siew linear, entire, glabrous or scabrous 
(evades of the involucre either appendiculate or merely mucronate).—V. 
angustifolia, Ell. sk. 2. 287 ; ‘Less. l. DC. p. 
fasciculata, ^L r he. Oxy not of Miche. Chrysocoma graminifolia, Walt. 


. B. leaves ‘ladiesolate or linear, short, scabrous, especially above; the lower 
ones sertulatet ‘scales of the i in nvolucre mostly More Bi — V. scaberri- - 


ma, Null. ! gen.9. p. 134 ; Ell. l. c. l. c.; DC 
y. leaves lanceolate or ca Hl oe iadi cee «cit rous 
the lower r ones remotely serrulate; cymes often compound; scales of t e in- 
volucre nearly inappendiculate. 
ine s, N. Ca rolina ! Zr Ae lorida! (a. & 8.) y. Louisiana, Dr. 
Jun —2[ Stem 1-3 feet thigh. Cyme 


bearing 5-many — heads, a ample or compound, loose. Scales of © 
the involucre few. Pappus white or pu rplish. EON bright purple. er 


Achenia often „glandular. — The lower leaves of the most narrow-leaved ie : 


are veiny, as in the other "ml while the upper ones being very narro 

are only Ol nerved- The original specimens of both V. angustifolia, 

Michx., and - scaberrima, Nutt., belong, if we mistake not, to precisely t 
me form of this up No reliance can be placed upon the appendages 

of the involucral scales 


es 


ovalifolia : stem simple, pubescent below, ur rers the sum- — 
-0 


es i h T 
the pue and g those of V. angusiiioliay: ak : 


uch rese 
mostly larger. Acksiün. sida: eni se ribs: pappus purplish. 


8. - leo oue (DC.): nearly glabrous; stem stou le, 
leaves lanceolate dirán, acute at each end, obscu urely veined, 


with sp ess "i rrose subulate tips; achenia 
» puberule t and migsiely glandular, nearly the length of - 
the pappus.— DC. p p. 964. es 
€ s. Nuti ! Dr. 7 Hitcher icher !—The plant of De Candalls (which was 
the Gene: — fe seeds collected in A 
fap pears to be with ours. But he does not mention the size of 
the s, which in our E hae in fruit are aeui e nch in diameter, 


and then depressed-globose ; and the pedicels arg feudis thickened at 
the summit. copious. 


Corolla violet-purple. - Exterior pappus short, but 


B 


ser- 0 
y above; heads 6-10, in a simple umbelliform _ 
m e, subelobose, 50-60- involucre 


-—— —  COMPOSITE. - o Srokrss - 


2. STOKESIA. I Her. sert. Angl. p. ory DC. in ann. mus. Pi 16. P : 
154, & prodr. 5. p. 71; Cass. dict. 51. p. 64. T 


Heads many-flowered ; the exterior flowers much larger and EC 
form ofa ray. Involucre subglobose, bracteate at the base, imbricated in | 
several series, appressed; the exterior scales with a somewhat spreading fo- 
liaceous ciliate-spinulose appendage ; the inner oblong, somewhat. ciliate. 
Receptacle fleshy, naked. Corolla palmate, sprinkled with resinous glo- 
bules; the marginal ones much deeper cleft within. Anthers- included. 
Branches of the style semi-subulate.  Achenia short, 4-sided (rarely 3-sided), 
glabrous, terminated with a broad quadrangular areola. Pappus o 
elongated rather rigid awn-like (white) chaffy scales, deciduous.—An ere 
somewhat branching perenuial herb; with a tomentose stem, and large he 
resembling a Carthamus or Centaurea, terminating the branches.. Le 
alternate, oblong-lanceolate, glabrous or slightly glaucous, minutely glandu- 
lar-punctate, entire; the uppermost s sessile and serrate-spinulose near the 
somewhat dilated base ; the lower tapering into a margined petiole ; the i in- 
. volucrate bracts ae the uppe eavés: Flowers blue, showy- 


S. cyanea (L'Her. ! * c.)— Ait. ! d Kew. (ed. 2) 4. p. 491; IDC.! bce a 
_ “Carthamus levis, Hill, Kew. 57. t. 5." C. Carolinianus, Miche. ! in herb. 
mus. E^ artesia centauroides, Cass. in bull. Rare 1816, p. 198 
rolina, * introduced into England by Mr. James Gord 
year 176 ” Hort. Kew. ** Geo iugis = Tatnall,” in herb. 3 
. "Louisiana, Verve: of the rarest plants of the Unite 

— 5 States. ` It is, or rec ve ES. Roca d in Mr. Buist's garden at 
delphia. The pla oale by- Drummond is inadvertently called 
taurea Americana, in the unt of his United ui collections, in Ct 

to bot. mag. 1. p. 48. EE 


d 


L1 poene Lim. Gartn. 


2d t. 165; Endl. gen. p- 


SS . Branches of the style Hic ere Achenia 
— Sessa wlan co wediera many-ribbed, hairy. Pappus in one or two. 
rows of several Tay bristles, dilated at the base.—Erect perennial herbs, . 

ith alternate m stly sessile f feather-veined nee Corelle afiolet: purples 


ng e se ies; the bristles straight and igini: glomerules ter- 1 
‘a nches, somewhat corymbed, involucrate.—E Erernawtoro 
(Willd.) : stem hair cait ranched above; 

y and scabro E SACRE ones o or obovate-ob- - 4 
‘into a margined petiole; the cau uline ob- 
4 


je 


ErrPHANTOPUS. | COMPOSIT E. Co. 

long or lanceolate ; the foci ones ovate-oblong, or PE VN (usually 

longer than 2 map ee spec. 3. p. 2390 (excl. ema Nutt.! gen. 

E p.187; p. 480; Less. in eve 4. p. ; DC. ! prodr. T 

2 p.86. T. AE Michz. ! f. 2. p. 148; not of «ud pdt E z syn. 
zs 


n dry ail Pennsylvania! to Florida! and Louisiana! July-Sept.— 
Piae about 9 feet high. Leaves membranaceous ; some of the floral leaves 
often oblon eng and longer than the glomerules. 


. toméntosus (Linn.) : stem inis nearly poke, rai sparingly 
dickooniggh xd corymbose at the su t; leaves villous-tomentose beneath 
hirsute-pubescent above ; es radical o ones large, obovate or iia «patente 
obtuse, crenate, narrowe e base, sessile ; the floral ones ard ovate 
* E = of the invenio rigid.— Linn. ! spec. ed. 1. p. 8 oras 

l. syn. Browne ; Pi. Al. 2. p. s jV l. e. p. 390. E. 
iini Eu WU 2..p We Poir. suppl. 2 3; Hook. compan. to 
pl uim ; DG. ! AE. Caoin pi simplex, Nutt. gen. 

-P 187. 
S. sc tera to Florida! Alabama! Louin and Arkansas! July- 
— Sept.—Stem 1-2 feet high, naked, or sometimes with a single leaf below, re- ` 
^ sembling ie radical ones, = a anah olus leaf at each bifurcation of 
the corymb; the floral leaves very broad, about the length of the glomer- , 
Heads 


f Itis ips nearly allied to E. scaber than to E. 
$ soi ind ‘a Hooker thinks it - identical with the East Indian species. - We 
_ know not how it is to be dis i ate ans that species, except by its vic 
and usua lly Fie Bn "gren more hairy involucre; and w 
have received from heir uq badiak a 1: exactly accords with o 

Os. East Indian E. scab 


os, E. scaber (Linn.) : stem somewhat dichowon ous or corymbose tone 
more or less hirsute 32 conii pubes hairy and scabrous; the 
radical ones cun ETE -spat tulate or apnea -erenulate, tapering to the 
— ofen 1 e; the caine few and small, lanceolate ; the floral. 

3 e, hairy.— Lin c xcl. syn. Gronov nov. &c. (Dill. Elth. t. 106) ; 


. Hale nec Blender Se inches. 

iuline leaves; the radic es about 6 

inches long, an inch or a "little more in width iowardd = ee -S 
us and put sent. lomerules small.—The plan pact dy a 

wi imens fic "China and the peninsula of India. We make lit- 

tle use of Less ing's character derived fict he venation of the floral leaves 

and scales of the involucre. 


Subtiibe - . Peerizs, Less. m» radiate. - -Br 


5 


the perfect Leav usually oppo te. wos — 
= = series (mostly eT E i | 33 £ ee 
Bm. * 1. XANTHISMA. Denit p. 947 


ie 


~ : Heads Heads many-flow wered; the ray flowers (neutral? or iiti nesk, i 
_ those of the disk perfect. Involucre hemispherical ; the scales : imbricated, | 
= ay ppressed, coriaceous, nearly oval, very obtuse ‘fimbrillate; | -- 
the fimbrille lacerate, about the length of the dap ‘Corolla of the ae 


K 
62 COMPOSITÆ. XANTHISMA. 3 


5-cleft, regular ; the lobes erect. Anthers not caudate. Style of the ray 

. Short and simple, included within the tubular part of the corolla; that of the 
disk 2-cleft at the summit; the branches included, linear, obtuse, slightly 
and minutely hispid. Achenia obovate, scarcely angled, pubescent. Pap- 
pus composed of elongated unequal acuminate chaff; the outermost rather 
shorter and narrower.—An annual or biennial erect glabrous herb, with a 
simple stem, loosely branched or corymbose at the summit; the branches 
erect and leafy. Cauline leaves alternate, rather rigid (not dotted with 
glands nor fringed with bristles), sessile, oblong or linear, 1-nerved, chiefly 
entire, sometimes acutely serrate at the summit. Flowers yellow. 


X. Teranum (DC. l. c.) whan y 


Texas, Berlandier; in woods.—Habit of gage cerinthefolia. Dc- — 
This plant is wholly naknoeen to us: it is e rom the southern part 
Texas, and scarcely within the limits of this wor 


5. PECTIDOPSIS. DC. prodr. 5. p. 98. 


Heads many-flowered; the flowers of the ray in a single series, ligulate, 
pistillate; those of the disk perfect, tubular. Involucre cylindrical-campan- 
ulate; the scales about 8, in a single series, somewhat conduplicate. Re- 
ceptacle naked. Corolla of the disk 5-toothed, regular. Branches ef the 
style semicylindrical, short. Achenia crowned with a very short scarious —— 
minutely about 5-toothed and somewhat lacerate pappus.—A very small 

. annual herb, with the habit of a nearly glabrous, wires from the $ 
base. Leaves opposite e, na TO near, punctate with large pellucid gae : 
Somewhat connate at the ba. ‘near which the margins are fringed with 
few bristles. Heads on short peduncles terminating the branches. F one 
yellow ; those of the my 7-8. 


NUTUS 


jo 


— "ips visse (DC-1.6)—Pecis angustifolia, Torr. / in ann. lye. New E 


On re fact ky Mountains, i iB about lat. 41°, Dr. James !—Peduncles much 
shorter than the leaves. - 


6. PECTIS. Linn. (excl. spec.) ; Less. in ld 6. p. 708, & syn. 
nee p. 153. DC. prodr. 5. p. 98. 


Heads several-flowered ; the flowers of the ray in a single series, ligulate, —.— 
pistillate; those of the disk perfect, bilabiate. Involucre somewhat a a 
drical ; the scales 5-8, in a single series, often involute or conduplicate. p" 

. ceptacle na „Corolla of the disk bilabiate, (the two inner sinuses deepe: 
_ than the others others) ; those of the ray ligulate, the ligule longer than the tube. 
~~. of the = semicylindrical, short. Achenia striate. Pappusof  - 
y similar, in a single series, chaffy, mostly pointed with ser- 

) bristles.— Mostly annual (tropical American) herbs. 
ate at the base, I-nerved, punctate with pello 
tilaginous, and fringed with scattered b 

ta t often sessile. Flowers yellow. 


E e M 


^: à '* Pectis. COMPOSITE. 63 


= 90. Tussinaco. 
ers 


- P. linifolia Eu ): stem diffusely branched ; leaves gaa one 
dnd with lar — ciliate with € towa rds the 
teo 


ins Y op pec. ed. 2. p. 1250; Lam. ill. t. 684; Less. l. c.; DC. ridi 
p.9 


ret sma Bennett! Mr. Blodgett!—A native of Jamaica, St. 


Trize IL. EUPATORIACER. Less. — 


rS 
antes caudate.—Flowers mostly of the cyanic series (white, blue, or 
urple). Leaves commonly opposite 


s i CONSPECTUS OF THE GENERA. 
Fut Subtribe 1. EvPATORIEX.— Heads discoid, homogamous. 
Div. 1. AcERATEX.—Pappus chaffy, aristate-squamellate, ‘or coroniform. 
"I. CELESTINA. a —Q or a ae 
8. Acerarum. Pappus of 5-10 distinc ristate chaffy scales. 
9. ScLEROLEPIS. atte of 5 obtuse corneous scales. Leaves verticillate. 


4 Div, 9. ADENOSTYLEE. —Pappus of "mss capillary bristles. 
* Achenia striate or ribbed. 
10. CanPHEPHORUS. Receptacle chaffy. Pappus barbellate. 
1l. Liarris. Rec Scales of the involucre ni striate, Lobes of 
the 


12. CLAvIGERA.. Res tpi naked. Scales of - involucre po wd striate. Teeth 
of t lla dex short. Pappus 

13. Kunnia. Re d. Teeth of the ES short. Pappus plumose. 

14. BursosTYLis. dh naked. Pappus pee Head flowered. 

15. BricKeLsIa. Receptacle naked. Pappus scabrous. He ie mese 


* * Achenia Sangle, hot striate. Pappus scabrous. è 
16. EvPATORIUM. Receptacle naked, flat. Scales of the involucre numerous. 
eon flowers) 


17. MIKANIA. Receptacle naked, flat. Scales of the 
18. Conociinium.  Receptacl cle conical, naked. 


19. INNARDOSMIA., 


AET Pe 
21. ADENOCAULON. Heads few-flowered, } step: the: 
w E. 2 j pa 


st * de 


64 COMPOSITE. CELESTINA. 


Subtribe 1. Evparorrez, DC.—Heads discoid ; the flowers all perfect 
similar, usually white, rose-color, or purple (rarely ochroleucous), 
never yellow. 


Div. 1. AGERATER, Less.—Pappus wee of chaffy often unequal 
scales, sometimes aristate or coroniform. 


7. Sects cpa” ‘Slee Nee dict. 6. suppl. p. 8, ula p. 927; Less. syn. p 
; DC. prodr. 5. p. 107 

— c aan Involucre cylindrical- -hemispherical ; the scales 

arrow ewhat imbricated. — convex, chaffy or 

ae ie seals sat, 5-angled. Pap oniform or cup-like, slight- 

l , or sometimes produced into one or two longer teeth or chafly 

scales.—Annual kopar American) branching herbs, with terete stems, and 

opposite petioled and toothed leaves. Heads in rather dense corymbs, pedi- 
cellate. Flowers blue or purple. 


§. Receptacle naked.—Ageratoides, DC. 

«C. m : stem decumbent, branching, nearly ie —_ 
Suse ad one slightly fleshy, ovate or oval, serrate, tapering into a 
slender Dee tube of the corolla sparsely pubescent with Bae has 
pap 


inute and coroniform, often with one or two slightly produced teeth, 
sometimes. obsole 


d fessi: i 
A.? maritimum, (from the same locali ity ') as to the folia age, ut not as to 
the corolla and sb aden m Ceelestina (at least the ceo  Ageratoides) 
Ageratum are not sufficiently distinct. 


8B. AGERATUM. Linn. ; Gern. fr. t. 165; DO. prodr. 5. p. 108. ^ 


Hands many-flowered, subglobose. Scales of the involucre numerous, 
imbricated, linear, acuminate. Receptacle naked. Corolla tubular, dilated 
Branches of the style exserted, cylindraceous, rather obtuse. 

Achenia S-angled, narrowed at the base, with a rather large callus. Pappus 
(of 5-10 distinct chaffy scales, either aristate-acuminate, or obtuse and pecti- 


nate-—Mostly annual (tropical) herbs, with opposite EC and toothed — — 


leaves, — he ade. Flowers blue or white. 


erin: 1 7 ea (Linn): > stem branching; leaves ovate, rhomboid, or 


es hispi d, but occasion- 


J und, 
hones E greatly in r^ 


AGERATUM. COMPOSITE. 65 


ally almost glabrous. In this ise: it has only been detected by Mr. et 
s, whose spe ve seem to accord with the variety cedem num (A. Mex 
canu m, Bot. mag. t. 2524), except reat the flowers are white 


9. SCLEROLEPIS. Cass. dict. 95. p. 365, §v.; Less. syn. p. 136. 


Head many-flowered. Scales of the involucre linear, equal, in a double 
series. Receptacle naked. Corolla tubular-infundibuliform, 5-toothed, gla- 
brous. Branches of the style much exserted, somewhat clavate. Achenia 
5-angular. Pappus of 5 almost horny short oval and obtuse scales, in a 
single series.—A glabrous perennial (aquatic) herb; with simple stems, pro- 
cumbent at the base, terminated usually by a single head. Leaves verti- 
cillate (5-6 in a whorl), linear, entire, 1-nerved (resembling those of Hip- 
puris). Flowers pale purple. | 


S. verticillata (Cass. 1. c.)J— D C. ! prodr. 5. p. 114. Sparganophorus 
os Michz.! fl. 2. p. 95, t. 42; ded ! gen. 2. p. 139; Ell. sk. 2. 
p.3 ZEthulia uniflora, Walt. ‘Car r. p.1 

Shallow water in pine barrens, New Jersey (at Quaker Bridge !) to Flori- 
da! Joly-Sept— Stem 1-2 feet e a leafy, a little pubescent at the 
summit, as also the involucre a form from Florida, ser c 
slender enira only about 6 nahe high, a the involucre nearly glabrous. 


Div. 2. ApENosty Lex, DC.—Pappus composed of slender hair-like 
bristles, either seabrous or plumose, in one or more series. 


10. CARPHEPHORUS. Cass. in bull. philom. 1816, § dict. sci. nat. 7. 
p- 149; DC. prodr. 5. p. 132. (excl. spec. no. 27) 
Species of Liatris, Michz., Nutt., DC. 
Heads many- (about 20-) flowered. Scales of the involucre imbricated in 
series, ovate or lanceolate, appressed. Receptacle T the spec 


(subtending the flowers) infivectase or linear, rigid, 3-nerv y short 
than the flowers, deciduous with the fruit. Corolla more or less dilated 


cluded. Branches of the style exserted, cylindraceous, obtuse. Achenia 
terete or somewhat angled, narrowed towards the base, 10-ribbed. Pappus 
of numerous (30-40) barbellate (rarely minutely plumose) unequal bristles, 
Somewhat in a double or triple series.—Perennial herbs (mostly North Ameri- 
can), with the habit of Liatris, from which de chaffy receptacle chiefly dis- 
tinguishes it. Root, or caudex, thickened, but not tuberous. Stem simple, 
or corymbose at the summit, leafy. Leaves a aaa E rigid, en- 
tire (or toothed 7); the cauline ones commonly appre Heads : 


cymose, rarely racemose. Flowers purple. ae 
This genus was establish Cassini on a spe preserved in the 
of Jussieu, with no label or rp itr tion of i country, whence it has not 
y been recognized. De Candolle } second species, 
VOL. II.-9 
E 
E 


iyt 


66 COMPOSITE. CARPHEPHORUS. 


on the sen of Liatris Meienlansis of Adams, which is said to have a chaffy 
the genus has been thought to be diesem although a third, and doubt 
less ee species from Mexico, and subsequent] a fourth from Bra: 


origi 
uamosa of Nuttall ; in which the chaffy receptacle (first ted out to us by Dr 
C J: ped the notice both x Nuttall H examining thi 


allied * 4 tin of Liatris, we find that all those with many-flowered heads disposed 
i e cymes also e. to the | Bos: which is well ied i in habit. 


* Leaves linear-subulate, appressed: heads cymose or racemose. 


1. C. Pseudo-Liatris (Cass. l. c.) : stem virgate, simple, tomentose-pu- 
bescent; leaves linear- dore carinate, rigid, closely sessile, nearly po 
rous, sparsely Pew the radical ones elongated the cauline short, ¥ 

nu eget closel re c run poA t pubescent; heads few (3-7), 


ent; achenia pieni hairy i pappus andern “Liris 
oi amosa, Suse ! in jour. acad. Philad. puHook. ! compas. 
mag. 1. p. 9 
B. heads (1314) memo. Hook. l. c 
- mabe ; Dr. Gates! Middle - — Dr. a. za Also 
Fek 


PE 
ae 
G, 
w 
Y, 
= 
uU 
[t] 
8 
B 
HE 
ees 
et 
we 
E 
aes 
^ja 
g 
< 
D s 
tá 
$ 
le | 
T$ 
TE 
EE 
ee 
1 


* * Leaves plane, lanceolate, spatulate, or oblong : heads napa aue 


a . C. ws: stem a pondet above, corymbo t 
summit; leaves punctate, m labrous, acute; the es ones 
late or Janceolate-spatulate, Fein i into a petiole, somewhat 3-n 
"the cauline small, scattered, lanceolate or ovate, sessile, slightly cena 
the pit a diae pi octies heads 1-5 on each branch of the loose and spre ead- 
2 t eyli 


pappus r strongly barbellate.—Liatris tomentosa, Michz. ? fl. 2 p. 3; 
Pursh, fl. 2. qe: Curtis ! pl. ieee in Boston, jour. nat. hist. 1. r 


127 ; not of L. Waltoni, Ell.! sk. C. l.c. Anon 
. uniflora, Walt. Car. obo Eee a Am 


i E 
of swamps, Virginia e e De en North Carolina, Michau 
Mr. Com! Mr. Curiis! acBride! ( Elliott.) ee 
em about 2 fe Sft poeta cand simple with 5 or more 
heads, but oen often corymbose with the branches elongated and much spreading. 
Scales of the involucre imbricated in 4 or 5 series, hoary but often somewhat 


€ t scarious m Corolla deep purple. Pa purplish. 
Chaff of receptacle an wanting in the centre of the d) d) narrowly 
Dun dm actam p» rather shorter than the flowe 


s. & vue Oe xe uh e 
*, A y glabrous; stems numerous from the sam 
P». renea d ace ranc! ing above ; radical a bere e. rey RE 


CARPHEPHORUS. COMPOSIT E. 67 


oft the nearly Ee: corymb ; scales of the m rather loose, oblon 
obovate, very obtuse, not margined ; the outermost spreading ; ine “or zu 
a hai 


corolla lanceolate-linear, elongated ; achenia hairy ; pappus ense plu- 
mose-barbellate.— Liatris balti et, Micke. ! ! fl. 2. p. 93; Nutt.! gen. 
2. p. 7D 5. p. 1 


Dry sandy hills, near Wilmington, North Carolina, Michaux! Nuttall ! 
Delile ! "Mr Curtis! §c. Sept.—Plant 8-12 inches high; the stem often 
branched from da the middle. Scales of the campanulate ni epe ^ 


rou 
most smaller and bracteolate ; the second series obovate or d se 
the innermost linear-oblong and much longest. Bristles of the pappus almost 
plumose to the naked eye Chaff of the receptacle narrowly linear, as long 
as the flowers, deciduou 


4. C. corymbosus: stem so litary, tall, stout, somewhat hirsute-tomentose ; 
leaves nearly glabr rous, about 1- pee m radical ones oblanceolate, ob- 
e base 


margin; lobes of the corolla ovate, "is iot; achenia ‘slightly nee iry ; pappus 
barbellate.—Liatris corymbosa, Nutt. / gen. wes -= (excl. syn.); DC. 
l. sk. 2. p. not = Mich 


€. L. tomentosa? Ell 284, 

Damp sandy s and Sio. = margin of swa mps, N. Carolina! to 
Georgia! and Florida! Sept —Stem 2-4 feet high, striate. Leaves 
somewhat fleshy, ides or Seca slightly tripli-nerved, sometimes ob- 
scurely punctate ; the radical ones 4-6 inches long, very gradually nares 
to the base; the cauline (gradually diminished ^ about half z inch in 
length,) appressed. I ales of the involucre scarcely longer than the 
others Corolla pale Earnie. Pappas aly white. Chaff e age. os 


11. LIATRIS. Schreb. gen. p. 542; DC. prodr. 5. p. 128. (excl. spec.) 


Heads few-many-flowered. Scales of the involucre few or numerous, 
imbricated, not striate. Receptacle naked. Corolla tubular, 5-lobed, the 


away i lanceolate or linear and entire, dh arigid or cartilaginous mar- 
gin, 1-5-nerved, rarely veiny. Heads disposed im an elongated spike or 
Taceme (flowering from the summit downwards), sometimes (as if by acci- 
c Lue o rarely corymbose. Flowers purple, occasionally varying 
i the corolla, style, &c. commonly dotted with sc attered resinous 

eel 


$1. Root a Eas mostly naked tuber (impregnated with a peu sub- 
_ Stance): leaves linear or lanceolate, gramineous, 1-5-nerved, mostly punc- 
tate with impressed and resinous dots : heads in a virgate spike or raceme : 
manifestly imbricate : "—— S 


= 


’ 


. mucronate points, all erect 


É COMPOSITE. LIATRIS. 


pappus evidently plumose, or minutely and densely plumose-barbellate. 
—Evuiarnis. (Euliatris & Suprago, DC.) 


* Inner scales of the (4-5-flowered) involucre longer than the corolla, produced into a 
dilated and ligulate colored appendage : pappus very plumose, (Calostelma, Don.) 


- L. elegans (Willd.): stem and involucre villous-pubescent ; ee ves 


glabrous, punctate; the radical ones spatulate or oblanceolate, 3-5-nerved ; 
the upper cauline ones rent, short, spreading or reflexed, often mucosal 
spike or raceme virgate, dense; the pedicels briecóohté ofien very short ; 
scales of the involucre 10-12, glandular ; the appendages of the inner ones 
ovate or lanceolate (bright purple Or Screen rH ue. fay pepsin achenia 
et en spec. 3. p. 1635; Michz.! fl. 2. p. 9 Sec reg. t. 267; 


132; Ell. sk. 2. p. 279; DC.!. sed 5. p. 199. Stehe- 
lina elegans, Wai. ! Car. p. 202. Serratula speciosa, Ait. ^ Kew. (ed. 1) 
3. p. 138. PoDmeripin speciosum, Vent. hort. Cels. t. 79. 
B. raceme compoun vh er an accidental or c rat state). 
Dry barren soil, Virginia to Florida! otim iana! and Texas! Aug- 
S. m Stem 3-5 feet high, p Spike or raceme pact a foot or more - 
in length. RO of the pappus about 18, in a single series. 


* * Scales of the involucre very numerous and imbricated in several series, without pe» — 
taloid appendages: heads (few) cylindrical or sli ghtly clavate, many- Oe 
Slowered : lobes of the corolla jirsule within ; pappus se plumose. 


2. L. squarrosa (Willd -): pubescent or hairy, or nearly glabrous, very. 
leafy ; leaves linear, elongated, rigid, scarcely punctate ; the lower ones 3-5- 
nerved s few i 


radical very ‘long ; he (sometimes solitary), sessile or on 
any-flowered ; scales rigid, cilia té, not punctate, with more 
or less elongated and pointed foliaceous spreading extremities; the inner 


ing 

ones mucronate-acuminate ; the outermost often bracteolate and resembling 

the upper leaves; achenia minutely pubescent.— Willd. ! l. c. ; Michz.! fl. 
82; Hook. 


2. p. 92; Ell.! sk. 2. p. 282; fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 306 P A prod 
5. p. 129. Cirsium tuberosum &c., Dill. Elth. t. 71, f. 8 rris 
squarrosa, Linn. ! spec. 2. p. 818. Pteronia Caroliniana, Wall. Car 
ADNE: died unda : nes numerous (20 or more), in a somewhat paniculate 
or varese racem ; the pedicels, or rather hes. lane and leafy. 
Y- compac i rous ; eic crow ver ow; heads several, 
closely sessile, approximate; scales of the involucre - ilicis: with long 


de exterior linear and resembling the upper- 

Ei leaves, 
ô. intermedia (DC.) + mostly € heads (1—5) turbinate-cylindrical, pe- 
dicellate ; exterior scales of t he involucre elongated and foliaceous, erect; the 
interior veas red or not at all squarrose.—L. inte ermedia, Lindl. bot. 


Ea cpec 


or sandy soil, get Canada! to Florida! and Texas! (y. 
Askaisos, D Dr. Leavenworth!) July-Sept.—Stem 1-3 feet high, often pes 
Sometimes almost hirsute, as wel eaves and invol 


BAS id ien x l as th ves a Sis 
an inc g; the points of the upper scales ofien purplish- 
Tees n purple. "Bristles ep he pappus 18-90, otn purplish The 
var. y. is the most rer markable t in the ordinary pl nt the scales are 
u; ó. oma seems almost 
safer to a 
2-5 iake s-master. (One ` 


of the po Popular antidotes for the bite of tho Rad 


ae 


LIATRIS. ; " COMPOSITÆ. Tem 69 

L. cylindracea a. ): glabrous or slightly hairy ; mee low, leafy ; 
‘eaves linear, rigid, scarcely punctate, mo stly 1-nerved; heads (1-7, rarely 
12) turbinate-cyli MOS. Saale or pedicellate, 16-20. flow isp the scales of 
the involucre all short and appressed, with rounded or iau sbropiy mu- 
P sera tips, ofien ciliate, not punctate ; Schein a pubescent.—Michr. ! fl. 


-p-93; Ell. ! sk. 2. p. 275 ; DC. l.c. ; notof Pursh. L. iN MacNab! 
in din. phil. jour. 19, p. 60. 

Dry woods and prairies, pe (and N. W. Territory, Dr. Hough- 
ton!) Upper Canada! Illinois! Mis ouri! p +, apparently nearly confined 
to the Western Faea J ieSe —Stem 6-18 inches high. Heads about 


an inch lon e exter erior scales of the involucre com Pix vent short, rare-- 


ly hac Aus eiue or foliaceous. Flowers bright purple 


* * * Scales of the ee involucre without petaloid appendages : lobes of the 
corolla glabrous withi 


t Pappus evidently plumose to the naked eye: heads 3-6-flowered. 


co 4 L. punctata (Hook.) : stems web from the same tuberous-fusiform 
bt e Stout, nearly glabrous, ver ry leafy; leaves linear, rigid, manifestly punc- 

. fate on both surfaces with im pressed dots, glabrous, the marginsoften remote- 

Ty ciliate with bristly hairs; heads in a dense spike (w hich is uti e 
iu 


conspicuously punctate. imbricated, appressed, with more or less spreading 
_ Mucronate-acuminate tips; ae margins land ginogs- fn" praed nia hairy; 
~. Pappus very plumose.— Hook. ! fl. Bor.- Am. 1. p. 3 306, t.55; DOLE L. 

- cylindrica, eal in ann. lye. ‘Nei York: 2, p. 210. L. resinosa, DC.! 
prodr. 5. p. 1 29 (pl. Arkans.), not of Nutt. 

B. le TOM uid all very narrowly linear; the miis a ciliate or 
naked ; scales of the involucre narrower, tapering somewhat gradually into 
& euspidate- -acuminate point, at least the inner ones; s RUE usually short ; 
stem often scene 

Y- leaves go eni ciliate with hispid hairs ; inner scales of the invo- 


~~ pila ns T p rairies, Saskatchawan, Drummond, Douglas! and 
throughout the c ees between the Upper Mississippi and the Mison; Mr. 
Nicollet !* to bebat e James! Dr. Pitcher! Dr. ae orth! and 
Texas, Drum heri g.-Sept.—Stems 8 runc to 2 o 3 fem high, 
usually | several fon E ‘he 8 and somewhat knotted dion fumes m root, 


leafy io the summit. Lower leaves 3-5 inches eem slightly 3-nerved ; the 
5m d nerved, varying from 3 lines to Jess than a line i width, pungently 
acute. Spike 3-4 to 10 inches | ng. Flo reddish-purpie. Pristles 


on wers 
the pappus about 30, purplish or nearly white. Achenia almost villous when 
young, 3-4 lines long.—A well-marked species; i a ies Ma have indi- 
cated passing into each other. Some of the specimens of the collection made 
in Mr Nicoller's expedition (our var. y.), have ewe sige e leaves con- 
spieuously fringed with rigid jointed hairs: others iie are very sparsely ciliate, 
Se 


* We are greatly me: to the — of Mr. Nicollet, for an extensive col- 
Hm at a imens, made duri survey of the country bet 
Mi the source ‘of 


r. Geyer: they were =A 
aei, ir earlier, and en 
L* Am 


— 


7 9 COMPOSITA: LIATRIS. 


with the leaves and involucral indes narrower, nearly like one of the forms 
e 


. L. mucronata (DC.) : glabrous; stem slender, Mat = ; leaves nar- 
iuely linear, very teg eee punctate ; the gated, the 
uppermost short, a ous or subu late ; spi ike lon ng a and narrow, 
dense; the -— (emall dis or on appressed ! grape uci than the 
subulate bracts, 3-5-flowered; scales of the na and somewhat cylindri- 
cal involucre ré (purplish, the margins not scari saat ines essed, shorter 
than the pappus, ovate-lanceolate, muc — Sofas ul ; the exterior 
dibnéry - Perea manifestly plumose.— odr. 
Texas, the east ern districts, Bede Dus ond! Wes 

Louisiana, pr. Hale !'—Stem 2-4 feet high, aues the slender sd 
sometimes 2 feet long. Lower leaves about 2 lines wide; the upper crowded, 


1 
less than half a line in width, flat. eads 4-5 lines long; the lowermost 
shorter, the uppermost much longer dix the bracts. Corolla bright E purples 
Pappus longer than the achenium, of about 30 often purplish bristles, mani- 
featly plumose to the naked eye, but less so than in L. punctata.—V aries 
with the achenia minutely pubescent throughout, or on the ribs alone, or per- 
fectly glabrous; and with the scales of the involucre either abruptly cuspi- 
ate-mucronate, or gradually narrowed into a subulate-mucroaate point; the 
latter being more common in the specimens we have examined. The plant 
of De e Candolle (which we have not compared with our own) is said to have 
pu nt achenia, and the obtuse scales abruptly mucronate : it onside be 
. different from the plant we hadé described, and sibly what we € x: a 
narrow-leaved variety of L. punctata; but that species would not b 
pared with L. tenuifolia, e besides is well characterized by De Candolle, 
under the name of L. resinosa 


* 


ed kinii: ne = Aiga stem oiio r, erect; leaves linear, 
punctate ; the lower elongated, the upper short and setaceous; spike virgate; 
the heads rather crow 


E s of the involucre (about 8) gla- 
brous, scarcely punctate ; the mac a: short, 1 late-subulate ; the in- 
rior lane. or linear, wi s margins and acuminate spreading 


rio gi 
"em = or exceeding rims pic ine ; achenia villous; pappus man- 
ifestly plu 


Near Clluibbes, Georgia, Dr. Boykin!  Aug.-Sept.—Stem 1-2 feet high. 
Leaves rather scattered. Spike 6-10 abbas long. Heads half an inch in 


* 


length, exceeding the bracts, on etd short pedicels if any. Inner scales of 


scaríous and slightly colored margins a 
tips. Flowers apparently -pale purple. Pappus plumose to the same 
degree as the preceding, more so than any of the following species. 
co = Lb 
those of L. secunda. 


Li tenuifolia (Nun) : glabrous; stem very slender; radical and lower 
a leaves crowded, wly linear or aieo filiform, elongated, often 
hairy towards s seeds pu nctate ; the u ones very s ort, setaceous, 
_ Scattered; raceme Virgate ; pem (small) A seed. crowded ; the pedicels 
mostly bracteolate ger than the setaceous bracts, sometimes branch- 
ing ; scales of the involuc 
muer 


- radical leaves broader, co 
phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 2. 285. ; 


w: 


E; 


Heads 
mucronata, or especially L. tenuifolia, — smaller than 


A 


= 


fs 


Ld 


LiaTris. COMPOSITAE. | 


Dry pine eee N. Carolina to Georgia! and Florida! Aug.-Oct.— 
Sten m 2-4 feet Radical leaves resembling those ol Pinus palustris. as 
remarked by Newall (a few of the exterior sometimes 2 lines broad), rigid, 
orming a close tuft in the manner of Xerophyllum. Raceme elongated; 
the pedicels e lines long. For purple. quw teet er appus 
scarcely plumose to the naked eye; tle bristles 20-25.— Like most species 
of this section, à pedicels are sometimes e Songsa Sar branched, forming a 
paniculate inflorescence. Heads usually quite small. 


t t Pappus densely barbellate : heads 3-40-flowered. 
` L. secunda (Ell.): mi wen focie or glabrous; stem slender, " 


virgate ; the = all turned à one oes on short mostly neni and brem 
eolate pedic 4-5-flowered; involucre cylindrical; scales 12-14, with 


slightly veri margins, an resinous-punctate ; the exterior oval be! inta 


short; the interior as long as the pappus, oblong-lanc eolate, mucro 
minate ; ; achenia ed. pappus — = “de nsely plumose- "harbellate. 
= sk. 9. p. 278: DC.! prodr. ^ e 
sandy soil, S: Carolina ! to Fi ida ` Au guie ept. t Stem 1-3 feet 
bigh. Raceme 6-12 inches ^e curved, d slightly — beauti- 
fully unilateral.. Heads 6-8 lines long; the scales appressed, mostly 1- 
nerved. Bracts and bracteoles sce pp rey short. Flowers ight — 


: he mall) on icels, 
scales of the somewhat cylin Ciir involucre few, oblong or elliptical, ob- 
tuse, re paaga appressed, shorter than the barbellate pappus; ache- 
nia turbi inate, us. 
, 4. nearly ange: raceme elongated, simple, or slightly compound at the 
base ; heads (5—7-flowered) on reps divaricate, or even reflexed, simple 
3 sy 


B Mad d, in pcne AE ae raceme, on filiform more or 
less | divaricate (or so at reflexed) pedicels; of which the 
lower re fi d with scattered. bracteoles similar to the exterior scales of 

b 


eyli é 
Pad. p. slight dy acute.—L. pauciflosculosa, Nutt. / A jour. ac 


raceme aoe simple, or frequently branched or paniculate below; 
heads (3-5-flow ed) oe short divaricate pedicels, or sometimes almost ses- 
sile; otherwise 


se as 
à. in florescence entirely paniculate; the branches simple, ascending; a 
few of the uppermost yh bearing single heads, short ; the lower successive- 
ly elongated, slender, bearing few or several racem -flowered) heads, 


on short pedicels, or sometimes a almost sessile; otherwise as in 8. an 


Pine barrens, Georgia! Alabama! and Florida! y. Ad prsa: Buck- 


ley! Aug—Oct.—Stem 1-3 feet Miah. usually clothed with a m 
what EN pubescence. Lea ather thick, S] pa abl i minutel 
punctate, often obtuse. tapering to ee bones the upper 1-2, ere — 3-5 


i metimes ha 
png: with the pedicels 14 to 2 inches long pedi = ben) 
an inch 1 length e t ves) in our var. 
y n inch long (about the ene angar Oe adhe Dr uie 


72 COMPOSIT £X. - — Lus. 


here arranged (8. y. & ô.) are undoubtedly different forms or states of one 
and the same well-marked species, differing in no respect except the devel- 
Peet of hs inflorescence, hich affords most fallacious characters in this 
genus. There is an obvious tendency to branch in the inflorescence 5 all 
i is n th summit of the 


om the summit, the po 
of the plant are ae to the Se of additional jsib: either from the 
axils of the upper cauline leaves, or of the bracts with which the pedicels 
(ped peat especially the lower ones, a are usually furnished. This is particu- 
larly exemplified in the present species ; which exhibits almost every grada- 
tion Siren the simple racemiform inflorescence, and a kind of panicle 


otherwise si r es.— We regret e have not been able to settle 

the synonymy of several species in this difficult genus. Mr. Bennett, a 
as most obligingly compared fragments from our specimie ns of this an 

other allied species with t rved ^ the Banksi an n: considers 


-W cles; but Mr. Bennett, on comparing the two, did n cognize the resem- 
. blance. If the species here described should prove nian, as b. - praet 
it will retain the appropriate name of L. pauciflosculosa, Nut 
TA miniabe (Willd. ?) : glabrous or sparsely Z stem slender ; 
lS linear, somewhat scattered, 1-nerved. u ili 


; Ca 
heads rather small, 7-9-flowered, Sia oe ssile and rather remote, 
forming a slender spike ; lower bracts longer, the uppermost ag Mee re: 
heads.—L. éste hai Du : fl. 2. p. 508?) Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 
- P- 274; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 130, (excl. pl. cult., which belan 
to L. spicata! 
- heads lar rere, 7-14-flowered. (Varies, 1. Mrs the heads few or nume- 
IS. scattered, sessile or nearly so: 2. heads few or numerous, in 
a simple raceme; the el 
the heads, 


: r 3. head : 
approximate, sessile; the oer ird branched below, the heads on the 
T sessil 


ple —Serratula foliis linearibus, floribus soli- 
tarus sessilibus, Gronov. ! Ving ed. 1. p. 92. 

y- heads small, + 6-12-flow: pd. 9n spreading or often recurved pedicels, 
forming a long virgate raceme, sometimes compound or paniculate at the 
base.— L. gracilis, Ell. l. ës v of Pursh? L. pilosa 8. ie Nutt. l. c. 
L. virgata, Nutt. ! in jour. aca d. Philad. 7. p. 72, & in trans. Amer. Phil. 
€ ser.) 7. — es i setate compound). ae 

Bet arer, orte; cate, or racemose, with the 
pec short and erect or sometimes with the a compound 

"S s To 3 : E $ 4 * 


re 
Di 


LiATRIS. COMPOSIT.E. 73 


below; scales of the involucre somewhat narrower and less rounded at the 
c Gu usually ciliate.—L. pilosa, Pursh, l. c. (chiefly); Nutt. l. c ps 


2 hae x “var. dubia” (the inflorescence compound below); Lindl. b ot. ^ 


ota 5 (** B. gracilis" n — bot. cat. t. 356; not of Willd. (A ibl c 
pi igh m eh EDU. 5. p. e L. spicata A 5 soena = 
l.c IJU L crt d ee veg. mat. med. 2 


ep 2 ns 
nata, eet i n Loud. hort. Brit." Anonymos p of TP p 197? 
Je 


ine barrens, often in wet places, New Jersey! (var. 6.7) to Alabama! - 


and F iorida common. Aug.—Oct.—Stem 1-4 feet high. Heads as large 
or larger than in L. spicata, in var. a. & y. smaller.—Our chief doubts re- 
specting the plants here brought together, relate to var. 9. ?, which is very 


d whic 
d L. spicata, while it presents no characters th t we ca n seize upon to dis- 
E ce he chie 


and L.s spicata consist in the u 1ally larger, fewer, a more scattered heads; 
the more regular arly imbric ated scales of the obconical or obovate involucre, 
diminishing successive y to the outermost, oi are d PELA the more 
hairy and shorter achenia, &c. We are by no ns certain that we have 
pleat referred this species to the L. gr Y minifolia of Willdenow, which 
appears to have been derived from Mublenberg; in whose herbarium seve- 
ral Ps are mingled under this name. Our remarks u the inflores- 


be rem marka that the heads of the compound portion of the 1 ence are 
frequently smaller and fewer-flowered than the others. We pe an inte- 


remarked chaffy scales intermixed among the flowers. ‘This accidental oc- 
currence, however, will hardly be — » overthrow a genus so well 
marked by habit as e ete proves to 
1l. L. spicata (Willd.): glabrous, or rare E pee stem strict, v 
leafy; leaves linear, acute; ofien ped towards the base; the upper ones 
ient short, often subulate; the lowermost elongated, 3-5-nerv rved ; i: 


; the scales (15-20) appressed, resinous-punctate a 
dia (purplish Reano obtuse ; the inner oblong ; the exterior oval or round- 
short; achen 


more or less hairy p cies : w 
; AUN us densely barbellate.— W illd. ! spec. 3. p 
t 1411; El. ER. 2. : ; Brit. fl. gard. t. v E gen. 9. p. 131; 
ingt.! fl. Cest. p. 448; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 130. (a. & 8.) L. 
chya, Michz. ! a 91; Pursh,l.c. Serratula spi Linn.! spec. 2. 
p. 819 See syn Andr. bot. rep. t. 401. Suprago spicata, 
= 2. p. 402, t. 167. ' Cirsium tuberosum . ; t5 


x E heads a about 5-flowered; plant smaller.—L. resinosa, Nutt.! gen. 2. 
of DC... 

Moise p. ground, | Michigan and New Jersey ! to Florida! and Lowest 

common. Aug.-Oct.—Stem 2-5 feet high. Leaves often 

nerves, spre or what -— rm 5-15 inches long; 

- “VOL. E. Me z 


ss b. ; 


/ 


74 COMPOSITE. LiatTris. 


“sessile 4 or nearly so, mostly crowded, about half an inch in length: lower — 


Eo bracts longer, the upper much shorter than the heads. artis s bright pur- 


Ef 


# 


* Ac = keo- the ingih of the itas trey s.—The number of flowers in 
ead is variable. r. G. Watson has disco etel, near Pulse 


et state a iis ian with pat pink, or scien pure white flowers.) —But- 


12. L. pyenosta chya : As te or nearly glabrous; stem stout, strict, very — - 

leafy; leaves strict, rigid, c closely sessile, and pa E IAE * t the bes 

the radical and lowerones elongated, lanceolate, obtu vds the 

per "s: and much crowded, narrowly Hes. iile: pie elongated, thick 
and dense, som mwka leafy below; the heads closely sessile, about 5-flow- 

ores : involucre unes. ; the scales (14-16) oblong or vere usually 

acute, with scarious and colored margins, scarcely punctate, rigid, appressed, 

ripa at de summit; achenia p^ d BUT pappus densely barbellate.— 

Michz.! fl. 9. p. 91; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 507 (excl. syn. Dill. & Walt.?); 

DJU.L e 


Par 
EN, 


a. stem densely hirsute; leaves more or less hairy; scales of the involucre 
‘strongly ciliate, often glandu lar ; 
. stem, leaves, E involucre nearly glabrous.—L. brachystachya, Nutt.’ 
in jour. acad. Philad 
llinois ! Migouri! Arkansas! Louisiana! & Texas! (not en 


ing castillo yond the Alleghany Mountains.) Aug.—Oct.—Stem 3-5 fee 
i arene ND t. Spike ve m i pariah and 12-18 inches bes o 57] 
ofien short ¢ somewhat clavate, an ore iameter w l 
developed ; es (i ved EE eni of both varieties) slcifdst rye | 
er. Heads equalling or exceeding those of L. spicata in length, i, 
narrower.— l-marked gcn resembling some forms of L. spicata, but 5 
readily distinguished by its squarrose involucre. The upper leaves are 


arai very short, e subulate, and somewhat aparece 


13,4. pilosa (Wilid.) : more or less pubescent with long a hairs; 
stem stout; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, elongated, hairy ; heads in a 
loose si simple raceme, 10-15-flowered ; scales of the turbinate or Feampanulat 
— glabrous, not punctate, with slight scarious margins ; the exterior 
narrowly oblong, short, very obtuse; the innermost linear; chunk Dens 
escent, Tad as long as the densely barbellate (almost plumose) pappus 
Willd. spec. 3. p. 1636; Jars of any succeeding author. Serratula pilosa, | 
Ait. ! eE 13. | 

^ North 


Young." Hort. 1 Roe. l.c. On mile 
=a " 


“ari 


Eo 


es oft eicli narrow, rather acute, about half a 
Acheria an xe kapjes nearly equal in size to L. sca ariosa.—Our desc 
dra n from our own meniorand. 


: irginia b 
de. he oly vical native specimen we have met with pod accords so aah d h 
plant ho leave no reasonable doubt of their south 
rom the oy e "e iba and bein 
nsufficie 


Liarris. COMPOSIT/E. 75 


icum. The L. pilosa 8. levicaulis, DC. is identical with L. mese Y 


y 


racemosa of the same author. ae 


T scariosa (Willd.): stem stout, more or less pubescent; leaves li 
Min, dac? or ede obscurely if at all punctate with imp 
dots; the radica wer ones usua i lane ge, oval, oblong-lanceolate, o 

obovate-oblong, eibi: veiny, taperin nto a petiole ; ‘hea (few or 
num cda racemose or spicate, sub globose, 20-40-flowered; scales of the 
involucre very numerous, obovate spatulate, very vbi often — 
with more or less ciliate scarious ofer n denticulate and colored L cu ; the 
lower ones sometimes a little spreading or squarrose ; the low d SAA 
and often acute; achenia hairy or villous, about the "length of ie plumose- 
barbellate oco —Willd.! spec. 3. p. 1635; Ell! f- 2. p. 281; Bot. 
mag. t. ; Bot. reg. t. 590; Brit. de ae t. 87; Bi, - Bost. ‘ed. 2 
p. 293 ; "Hooke rA Bor.-Am. 1. p. . Squarr ules. aspera, x phe- 
roidea, Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 92. L. scariosa 1 & spheroidea, DC.! pr P. 
Ou 198130. L. borealis” * Parton, mag. 5.1. 27." L. heterophylla, x 
3 gen. 2. p. 131, not of R. Br.? peg scariosa, Linn.! spec. 2. p. 818. 
sc Poi 


or. 

Dry, usually ndr soil, from. the Saskatchawan and Upper Canada! to 
Florida! Louisiana! & Texas! Aug.—Oct:—Stem 1-5 feet bigh. Heads 
often an inch in ;2 x F lowers bright cia or rarely pure w ite !— 
Varies with the stem nearly glabrous, or Seana almost tomentose at the 
Summit; the leaves smooth and glabrous, very scabrous (L. | Ta, Miche. > 
^ 3-10 or more, 


v 
= 
c 
$ 
$ 
D 
m 
o 
SB 
r^ 
Nn 
3 


ux j 0 oe they are usuz ^ 
what distant and distinctl ip d pedicels Boii M xiu EN i 
longer than the heads,) to Yo o E hey u usually form a dense spike. - 


But the forms are so numerous a x tien) that marked ol vae c 


L heterophyjla (R. Brown) : ates lanceolate, smooth and we s : 

the uppe linear-lanceolate and m aller; heads piate, on very 

short painele: scales of the involucre eria squarrose, naked.—R. Br. 
t 


-90S 
“ Native of N. America : fug 0, by Mr. William Malcolm. Fl. 
ne and M Sage ^" R. Br. nS. ec e, and Georgia, Fraser, Bartram,” 


rsh. the original icd of this species, Pw have only to add the ` 


following notes upon the specimen preserved in e Banksian herbarium, 
obligingly communicated by Mr. Pu nett : "Hende about 10, formin ng a 
ike of litt 


ten seen depauperate forms of L. scariosa with this name, yet never with 

inted scales. ursh’s “reference to Willd. enum. is a mistake, as Will- 
enow has no such speci 

b E BI va ate Pursh) : stem iple: glabrous; ok S panicle 

— rea. Ms y: the (Pris hort, ng few subsessile 3-5-flow- 

heads ; pis of the een erect, lanceolate, acute. Riton Pursh, 


Kp. e 


) Flowers small, the size of No. 4. 
poena the character of 
volucre, &c. , This still 


ed 
d ~~ 
~~, 


* 


* 


Ed 


16 « COMPOSITE. lige 


` to two inches in length, suberect, =“ —€— bonding 3 to 4s E 


ere are less than half the length of t Panot; i x eir shape and the num- 
ber o flowers in each are accurately noted by Purs eq 


§ 2. icose : branches and heads corymbose : Tie. obovate, puncticu- 
late: scales of the few-flowered involucre rr pe Age lobes of the corol- E à 
HER UN pappus i ce barbellate—Leprociinium, Nutt. 


- B 
vu. I fru ticosa — 2: glabrous; branches naked aboves ae spatu- v. 
RAIL n rveless, entire ; heads. about 5-flowered ; involuere Mus ái 


pubescent.— Nutt. / in Sill. jour. 5 » 9, & in dra gee P hil. sc a 


24 | p. 285. 
East Florida, Mr. Ware '— Leaves scattered, (the lower opposite, the 
upper alternate, Nutt.) ie an inch long, similar 6 shape to t se ofthe 
mmon P es o ré imbri : seriés 5: 


- pappus éxa: 
_ the receptacle is the same as in ote few-flowered species. a 


§ 3. Root a short rhizoma or cauder: leaves dilated, obovate, pe q 

^"üpr pes o dif or veined, not punctate with impressed. T 

dots: heads. corymbose or paniculate-cymose, small, few-flowered : scales of a E 
the involucre few 7 slightly imbricated : corolla scarcely dilated above i 


$ 
the lobes short, ova : pappus p barbellate.—Triisa, Cass., DO- 
(excl. spec.) 1 
18. L. odoratissima Bou 2 glabrous ; leaves somewhat glaucous, ob- 
4 bru A radic obovate-spatulate, tapering at the base, often 


usel Bares: be cauline oblong, clasping at the base ; cyme 

te; the he umerous, perlice cellate, 7-8-flowered ; sen 
Bos. um lar ; 3 nh apres — Lee 
Michz. 2. p. 98:5 ET h. Fede 
p.132; Andr. bot. SA, k SEL. RE a. 


gh, corymbose at the ; thick 

or with several veins proceeding from the m ib; the ra- - 
sarge; the upper small and scattered.. ` Flowers brigh i purple. 
andular.—'The leaves when bruised exhale the odor of | Vanilla, z^ 
they -e in for many years; whence the pop 


19. L. paniculata (Willd. 2:4 
Áo» ed, m mostly el (Wi j: 2a ikiii hafi: leaves A 


abrous ; the radical ones ege tiere tapering into .— 
e; | uline very*sma all and numerous, lanceolate OT — 
ceolate, sessile, viseidly pubescen ^od young; corymbs ern a 
into peii 0 ds 4—10- (commo 

ing n 


a 


inicle ; hea 


4 
Liarris. COMPOSITE. 77 : 


ts achenia. finorely aea m ee! spec. 3. p. 1637 ; Miche. t l.e.; 
T Pursh,1.c.; Nut 9. p. 132 ; Ell. sk. 9. p. 283; DC! l.c. Anony- 
mos cds Wat r Car. p.198. 
ns, Virginia to Florida! common. | Sept.-Oct.—Stem 1-2 
feet «nr Vini e rplish, somewhat villous or bi rsute with glutinous hairs 
- "Cauline leaves very small, appressed, emi imbricated. Heads as large 
as in the preceding species. Cor olla purple, sometimes almost white. he 
scales of the involucre vary from 6 to 16, a the flowers from 4: to 


n flexuosa of D. Thomas, in Sill. jour. 27. p. 338 (1839), is Gi FL 
d Lo or a reduced L. ae! it is poeni to determine fro 


kN et description and 
$ 
12. CLAVIGERA. DC. prodr. 5. p. 127. 


Heads 5-20-flowered. Scales of the involucre imbricated in several series, 
striate; the exterior very short; the innermost elongated, linear. Lgs cd 
narrow, naked. Corolla tubular, dilated at the base, not ex 
5-toothed ; the teeth very short, glandular externally. Style Meere 
bulb at the base ; the branches e or taberne, jisty glabrous, included 

or partly e exserted. Achenia s stly 10-striate), 
nearly glabrous, sessile. Pappus qe series of plumose-barbellate bris- 
tles.—Somewhat shrubby branched (Mexican & Texan) plants. Li : 
alternate, 1-nerved or tripli-nerved, linear or oblong, entire « r toothed, some- — 
x times dotted with resinous globules, or punctate. - ^c a mg i 
4 p Picate pace ^ Flowers whitish. SAT os 


TE 
TA 


pe 
amo 


- “A genus intermediate between Kuhnia and Liatris (am ch nearer the 

Š Sona dedicated, on account of the species being ] natives of Mexic ce 

mi E Clavigero, who wrote upon the we on well as = civil history of Mexico. 
a í an 


..* as one of ; but thi 
À confasion i is said to exist rapi "the NA TENE of Berker plants. 


1. €. dentata (DC. ): pubescent, cinereous, shrubs 
t ,; here and there peli t lobed at the e npani Dré 
ing one or few heads edi narrow panicl ds 


dis es 
" a 
a of dhe situate: sabotaged acuminate, ciliate, comewhat gearet at 


Rire: more or less striate. .€. ies 
a Texas, in the eastern districts (Cammancheries), and about Bexar, Ber- 
—This species perhaps hardly comes within the prescribed : 
e int ‘it for comparison with the following 
t filicies ae fa p 
shrubb and minutely pube 
nceolate, Fran he lower ones tripi- 
: » rét cular -veined beneath, mint se summed unequally serrate; 
those of the bra anches small, crenately toothed from the middle to the 


apex 3 a 215-90 Aoa i]: disposed in a leafy spike or thyrsus terminating 
. the virgate heaaches pee of the fe entre ovate 1 and glandular, stri- 
a oe obtuse, seldom mucronate; ovate; the inner | te- 

d 3 eer. onde An scarions at the a 


‘scarcely exc eaves fro pe 
er ones flow ceding ens eet Ed 
henia about ate. — de 


78 COMPOSITE. me KvunsiA. 


13. KUHNIA. Linn. spec. ed. 2. appr. p. 1662; Vent. Cels. t. 91. 
Kuhnia § Strigia, DC.—Critonia, Gerín., not of R. Br. 


Heads 10-25-flowered. Scales of the involucre lanceolate, rather loosely 


imbricated in two or three series; the exterior shorter, acute or acuminate. ; 
Receptacle naked. aee tubular, somewhat dilated at the base, not ex- - 


panded above, 5-toothed; the teeth short, obtuse, glandular externally. | 
Style with a villous E at the base; the branches at length exserted, slight- 
ly clavate and somewhat flattened at the summit, glabrous. (Anthers some- 
times abortive or unconnected?) Achenia nearly cylindrical, many-striate, 
sessile. Pappus a single series of strongly plumose bristles.—Perennial 
herbs or suffrutescent plants, with alternate or somewhat opposite 1-nerved 
or tripli-nerved lanceolate leaves, sprinkled with resinous dots beneath. 
Heads Eb Flowers white or purple. 


ave drawn the above character from the North American cet i to 

which, ‘wih probably K. r osmarinifolia of Cuba (the qeu Strigia, 
d dow tlees be | restricted: the «anh with pentagonal ebrii acit 
sum to e eltiely allied to Eu atoriu um, w Aa roper is more near to Cla- 


un. itin.; DC.! prodr. 7. p. 267, is a pei of Pe egol sia ,as De ye ott first inti- 
to us.— , Cass. (of iin ich we know a single species) i is nearer Kuhnia 


othites, 
than Mikania, but a distinet ge 


Mod K, eupatorioides (Li inn.): stem herbaceous; leaves, as well as t the 

scales of. the involucre, thickly s sprinkled bene ath with shining resinous dots, 

— the cauline ones mostly irregularly serrate; those of the branches 

usu rally entire; heads in päničulate corymbs; flowers white or 

a c. peo Pluk.) ; Linn. f. decad. 2. P: 21, 

449. K. eupatorioides & K. Critonia, Willd. 

K. eupatorioides dasypia, Saher elliptica, tuberosa, 
[^ nne ns, Ra - ff 


B . . 


F leaves ovate: lanceolate, Fe cie d se sot »netimes 
bs rath and 


ent it; the lower ciui ones pe 
d 


a 
others linear and mostly and co (ox en 
t it 


Lon paniculata, C ‘Cass dict. 24. p. 516; DC.! 


nia Kuhnia, Gerin. Jr. 7 


Kunnia. | COMPOSIT#. 79 


ssary if more than one species were admitted. But, considerable as 

s the di fference between the extremes, we have a great vipa of wee 

Sate such sre mae pure that we are unable even to characterize a 

series of varietie The involucre, corolla, achen ae are rs do: the 

same in all. We ha ave, asisten sien the more common northern plan t as 
he type. of the species, and have designated the extreme forms as varieties 


| i M. BULBOSTYLIS. DC. prodr. 5. p. 138. 


Heads 10-25-flowered. Scales of the oblong or Bhar ere. oe 
involucre rather loosely imbricated in about 3 series, striate; the exterior 
short, the inner lanceolate or linear. Receptacle narrow, ed Corolla 
tubular, slender, somewhat dilated at the base, contracted at the summit, 
with 5 extremely short externally glandular teeth. Style with a commonly 
villous bulb at the base, included.  Achenia nearly terete, or obscurely 
5-angled, about 10-striate. Pappus of numerous capillary scabrous bristles, 
longer than the corolla.—Suffruticose (chiefly Mexican) plants, with terete 
branches. Leaves opposite or alternate, ovate or lanceolate, petioled, ser- 
rate, often dotted with resinous globules. Heads in thyrsoid or spicate leafy 
panicles. Flowers mostly white or ochroleucous. 


Perhaps not sufficiently distinct ts Brickellia; which again is distinguished 
from Eupatorium chiefly by its striate achenia 


1. B. Californica : stem and v velvety-pulitralents leaves ovate, on 
hed, 3 the 


~ Short petioles, irregularly serrate-too , 3-nerved at t base, — gla- 
brous above, dotted with minute de and puberulent bt culated 
beneath, the u upper ones m ostly alternate; heads in a spicate sse about 
20-flowered ; scales of the involucre as prat I ciam red short, ap- 


pressed; the row linear, eer’ utel ae 


California, Douglas m Pag from “the xus plant (herb. DC. /) as 
well in the leaves, denen have not he upper surface sca ath a the lower 
seticeleted, as in the obtuse scales of the involucre ü 

9. B. microphylla (Nutt.) : much branched, visci ‘aly pv ubes d f andu- 
; lar; leaves alternate, ovate, petioled, sparingly toothed, eorum equall ss 
' pubescent and viscid on both sides; those of th very a 
nearly sessile; heads abut 15-flowered ; a scales of fe involucre - ae 
iace ips; the interior er pu em 9-3-nerved, mucro- 
il. soc. (n. ser 


nulate.— Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. - Soc. t 
regon, apa. paagis ilah, Nuttall | —A AK ER plant; the 
leaves of the nu petis only 2 or 3 lines long, rather thick, re- 
ose of s tats i Ada Heads small, scattered. Achenia not seen. 
aeu 15. BRICKELLIA. Ell. sk. 2. p. 290. 


Heads 30-50-flowered. Scales of the campanulate involucre im 
lanceolate or linear, striate; the exterior shorter. Receptacle naked, flat. 
Corolla tubular, slightly expanded towards the summit ; the teeth short, ob- 
tuse, Mai glandular externally. Style with a villous bulb at the base; 
the b ranches often much papam Achenia 


prt 


x 

E = 
E E 

ame ae 


5. River, 


a x COMPOSITE.. — - BRICKELLIA. 

nearly cylindrical, about 10-striate. Pappus a single series of slender sca- 
brous or minutely barbellate-serrulate bristles.—Perennial herbs (natives of 
the Southern United States and Oregon), sparingly branched ; with opposite 
or alternate tripli-nerved leaves, and rather large corymbose heads. Flowers 
| pale -a 


j wes mostly opposite, cordate, crenate, gein 3-nerved from the base, 
veiny : involucre rather shorter than the flowers 


- B. cordifolia. (EIL 1. c.) : stem paniculate- o NEN the summit ; 
EON all as. dme some SABE triangular-cordate, acum e minutely pu- 
bescent and thickly dotted Moa resinous globules Bist, crenate-toothed ; 
corymb loose, the branches bearing 1-3 pedunculate heads; bracts setaceous ; 


som t 
ones; branches of the style much exserted ; achenia nearly e ous ; P 
_ pus (purplish) —— —Eupatorium Brickellia, DC. prodr. 5. p. 
Hill-sides, rn districts of Georgia, Elliott. Middle F loridé, "i 
Chapman Aog. Sep. Stem, 4 bou n feet high, terete. Leaves about 3 
Ls ong the uppermost f neate at the base. Heads half an 
— 40-50-flowered. Style with a depressed villous bulb. Achenia 
n young minutely hairy towards the 


2. B. grandiflora Mirac i his paniculate at the summit; leaves cordate- 


iangular, acuminate, or nearly glabrous, dotted with resinous 
globules beneath, ac ag or x Mie) de ntate- -serrate; the lower mostly op- 
ernate; he 


» produced into a subulate ooe appendage; branches 
slightly orsoni Sedis glabrous when mature; pappus 
—Ni trans ae soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 287. 

m. 6. 


north and dinh eid of Lewis & Clarke's 
3 uglas; and from this region to the k Mouse 
-. Nuttall! piper plains of the Platte? Dr. Jam es /—Manifestly allied to 
the preceding species heads e same size. Flowers white, ac- 
E to com but Vua tinged with purple i in pese specimen of Dr 


s  Tesinous tts viec down - entire: inner scales of the involucre 
longer. than the ane 
ae = 


o the base, sc rcely eur 
“a pire * the rymbose-pa iculate 
scales of the involucre ed in series ; the exte- 

g, often the heiss poem elongated, 
es of the syle exi exserted ; achenia slen- 

EX 

and W. ablamet, Nuttall! —Leaves about an 
in length. Habit different | from the other spe- 
has a heavy odor, a g to Nuttall; who 

shox cg stt are re yellowish 
* = p A T 
: p a «= ai 


E 


4 a 
ent 


ae 


EvrATORIUM. |  . COMPOSITE. EC 


16. EUPATORIUM. Tourn. inst. t. m DER Gaertn. fr. t. 166; 
DC. prodr. 5. p. 


Heads 3-100-flowered. Involucre cylindrical or campanulate; the scales . 


d in 2-3 or more series, or sometimes nearly equal in a single se- . 


* Receptacle flat, naked. Corolla tubular-infundibuliform or fee. 
a ks nam limb, 5-toothed, frequently dilated at the bas 
cluded. Branches of the style mostly exserted and Leia, ps cod 
ceous or somewhat flattened, obtuse. Achenia 5-angled, without intermediate 


strie. Pappus a single series of very slender capillary bristles, scabrous or 
minutely serrulate.—Perennial herbs or somewhat shrubby plants (the great- 
€r portion American), with opposite (sometimes alternate or verticillate) sim- 


ple or rarely divided leaves. Heads mostly corymbose. Flowers purple, 
blue, or white. Leaves, involucre, corolla, and achenia often sprinkled with 
resinous globules; the former rarely impressed- punctate. 


$ 1. Heads cylindrical, 5—-60-flowered : dl of the involucre numerous, 
closely imbricated in several series, appressed, obtuse, strongly striate; the 
outer ones shortest: leaves opposite or rarely alternate. 


E. ivefolium (Linn.): herb 
leaves on arrowly obediar f tapering to each end, scarcely petioled, 
3-nerved, subserrate, glabro us; corymb trichotomous, loose; heads ee a 
pedicellate, 15-20- flowered; scales of = a m. erect, striate, 
tuse. nn. amen. acad. ay p. 405, & spec. (ed. 2.) 2. p - 1174; : 
ix obs. ; .p. 301; DC. prodr. DI 


us; stem terete, somewhat hispid ; - 


EX 
. ovician sa: leaves less ict’ at each Eod bee e oo E 
ne zi : 


the uppermost short and nearly ge Anc ox euro 
Torr.! herb. E. calocephalum s in trans. Amer Th hi. E 
7. p. dos eir oppositifolia, NE Tin : Sill. j jour. 5 


elds, I Ed ar New is d Peinturier! , Naut- 


tl! Dr Louisiana D. Hale! ` July-Nov gite branched, 3-5 feet po 


bei m 
Lower leaves kout Es inches long, broadly lanceolate, rather sparingly ser- 


h 
rate; those of the n merous branchlets very short. Corymbs with 6-20 


; th e e 
the summit. Flowers light purplish-blue.—W e have only seen West 
C. ; which 


dian specimens of E. ivefolium f. ch has more pointed leaves . 


than our plant, but a appears scarcely to differ in other respects. "This is 


Eben representative of alarge and marked group of neos American E 


$2. Heads cylindrical, 5-10-flowered : scales of the involucre numerous, e s X 
: series i the outermost 


lored, obtuse, slightly striate, imbricated in 


much shortest (style bulbous at the base): herbaceous i arge, mostly 
verticillate : flowers purplish. 
t, si nearly solid, 
purpureum (Linn.): “stem stou rarely opposi e, n 


piles t wA ae 
nt or VB nie A eaves ld E acuminate, vein veiny, scabrous 
E h and minutely dotted with resin 


-— 


82 COMPOSITE. Erie 


es globules, ashy the teeth mucronulate; heads in a large compound 
mb, 5-9- (rarely age snag achenia m ze eris r less 
aditu. Jim. ! spec. (ed. 1) 2. p. 838; k. if. B m. b E 
304; Darlingt. fl. Čest. p. 453. E. tinam, pt) i 
reum, maculatum, verticillatum, ternifolium, & dubium, DC. / ph $ 
. 151. 


a. stem tall, esee Lee. and glaucous, purple at the nodes (and 
metimes thé ughout) ; s (5-6 in a whorl) large, win a coarsely 
scrhiló, somewhat petiole d e rugosely veiny ; corymb very large, convex. 
—E. purpureum, Linn. ! i. c. (excl. B-) & ed. 9. ps 11733 Wild. ! spec. - 
- p. 1759 (partly); Ell. l. c.? &c.; DC.! l.c E. verticillatum, Willd. 
l. c. be. fol. 1, & 2!) E. vifoliatum, Darlin ngt.! ec: 

b gcn eur ! 1. ¢.): stem mostly striate or grooved, pubescent 
and one or viscid bot , punctate with pu urple linear spots; 
eld ( eium omes or fees ternate) ovane, slighty. tripli- nerven petioled ; 

orymb dense, depress ed.—E. ves m, B. Linn.! l. c. ed. 1. E. macu 
fins, Linn. ! amen. 4, p. CE ies ed. 2. p. 1174 ; mus Iles 
Michz.! fl. 2. p. 99; Bart. rer ‘Amer. Sept. x uy Ell. l DC.! le. 
E. pedati, Willd. ! enum. 2. 33 : 
num, Pursh! l. c.—Varies, with the leaves oky rugose and scabrous- 
pubescent both sides, or nearly smooth and glabrous ; ; either acute or acumi- 

nate at each end (E. maculatum, Ell. l r ob t the base, an 


rmost 
sometime s even oer E. ursh, l. c.) ; and by other “forms 
leaves, acuminate s and | coarsely serrate, (E. trifoliatum, ee fe 
lingt. l. c.) ap Backing "ihe d n urpureum, so as to be 
p g origi - pup 
Bees i from its more slender states. 
y- angustifolium : stem tall, glabrous and somewhat t glaucous, or pub 
he summit, sparingly punctate with linear spots; leaves {commonly 
i s we 


p inear- oes ; corymb compound, panicu- 
oose.—E. levigatu t. pl. New York. ee (in 
— pe Y re the heads and flowers Beet white, the leave membre- 
nac m^ re deeply serrate, &c.; when it is E. falcatum, Mich. ! fi 
grounds. ees, and swamps, Canada! from the Mee on 

and throughout the United States ! Aug.-Se em 3-7 or even 10 feet 
- Involucre purplish or whitish ; the bao 12-18, B; sad "ihe exterior 
very pest . closely poene ated, pubescent; the others linear-oblong and 
2-3-nerved, short im than ns flowers. Corolla infundibuli- 
ri tebar; the lobes" ovate-lanceolate, short, light purple or flesh-color- 
vated less a small globose pubescent bulb at the base; the branches very 
: aoe xserted.—This plant is sometimes seiplaped medicinally, as as a tonic. 


8 3. Heads 3-many-flowered : scales of the somewhat cylindr rical o 
panulate involucre 8-15, more or less imbricated ; the exterior shortest : E 
opposite, sometimes verticillate or alternate. "den herbaceous, flowers white, 
and. the corolla, achenia, Se. more or less dotted with resinous globules in all 

the North American species.) 
* Paniculate : heads 3-5 flowered : leaves alternate, pinnately lobed. 
- > E. feniculaceum ( Willd.) : paniculately very much bráxched ; stem — 


Besazonmwt COMPOSITE. 83 


St SM leaves alternate, linear-filiform, ode the pos neam | 
or bipinnately parted; the ga r faseicled, entire; heads very n 
small, 3-5-flowered, on short pedicels; scales of the os SE cre 8-10 ; the 
exterior very short ; the i idt mucronulate- acuminate, glabrous, slightly 
margined ; achenia .glabrous.— Willd.! spec. 3. p. 1750; Pursh! fl. 2. 
512; Ell. sk. 2. p. 294; DC.! mer. 5. p. 176. A  iniculoides, Wait. 
Car. p. 199.  Chrysocoma capillac a, Miche. 

B. glabrum : stem and ban ches abia qo rac emose-spiente divisions 
of the panicle somewhat fastigiate.—E. leptophyllum, 

Y. lateriflorum : slightly agnitus: — of the ia de loose, m 

ard 


E. feeniculaceum f. p^ bon's. DC.! pe c. Aue st partly.) 

Fields, in damp soil, mostly near the c DA IL and N. Carolina! to 
Florida! 5. Georgia, Mr. Herbemont ! (in herb. D uby § DC.) &c. Florida, 
Dr. Leavenworth! y. Middle Florida, Dr. Chapman! Sept—Oct.—Stem 
3-10 feet high; the branches terminated by the elongated — anicles. 
Flowers Sellos ish: white (sometimes sprinkled with purple, Ell.) very 
small. ee Ny tubular-infundibuliform ; the teeth very short, minutely glan- 


se. i as in E. 
. feeniculaceum f De Candolle seems a cultivated state of 
ar. y., which is a so mewhat remarkable form; the heads however being 
= 5-flowered. —Dog-Feni 


. E. ceste omer ab. paniculately branched; stem pubescent; | ~~ 
leaves mostly alternate, pubescent or nearly glabrous, punctate ; the lower 
ones pinnately xt lobed, pe lobes linear ; the others linear, mostly entire, 


fascicled or crowded ; heads numerous, ‘scarcel dicelled, 5-flower 
‘scales of the involucre about 10, lanceolate, mucronulate, slightly pubescent, 
ith scarious margins; the exterior short and imbricated ; achenia Dert pra 
k. 29. 


wi 
Willd. ! b Zep. 1750 ; : | Pursh, ix - s p.994; DC.! prodr. 


about twice the size of those of E. cniculaceum, white; the 
eral, achenia, pappus, &e. similar. Style with a minute bulb at the 


* * Corymbose : eges 5-15- (rarely more than 20-) flowered. 
t Leaves sessile or nearly s 80, mot clasping or connate: heads 5- (rarely 7-9-) flowered. 


/ 
f 


5. E. pinnatifidum (Ell .): pubescent; stem fastigiately Oa Ue E t the 
summit; leaves laciniate-pinnatifid, with the segments linear and entire or 


toothed, pubescent be neath, sprinkle ii more resinous ioa: the lower 
Mer quaternately verti igre the others opposite or mostly alternate ; heads __ 

; very oro us, oos — scales of be Suvoluere "n" n 
oblong ` or e, pubescent and sprinkled w 


om achenia : sparsely rises eed ^y sk. 2. p. 295; DC. oy ka p 1176, 
ut not of 

mp so rue cx "the middle districts e Kee ce NM Middle Florida, 
= Sandy woods o a, Mr. Curtis! —Stem 3-4 feet 
high. Leaves lanceolate, 1-3 inches es long doepi and unequally laciniate- 
pinnatifid, Sid swen above, m pobescent and more Cons; 
ously dotted with E Shi ning globules beneath ; the lower segini mb looo ; 

usually t ater or laciniate. Branches of the fastigiate cory p 


\ 


.. 6. E. hye 
loosely corymbose at the summit; leave 


84 COMPOSITE. EvrPATORIUM. 

the heads not larger than in E. coronopifolium. _— infundibuliform, 

attenuate below, and abruptly dilated at the base; the teeth v eei — = 
andular externally. Pappus as long as the polla. pees 

scattered — ae —Our plan ears to be that of Eliot, ‘although 
e the lower — leaves, an 

7—9-flowered. "The styles in our specimens are often all included within 

the corolla at every stage, and with short very obtuse lobes. Two or three 

flowers of each head, however, often present the branches of the style elon- 

gated and much exserte described Py Elliott. The same t "pe occurs in 


faenum rom ): stem io pubescent, simple or branched, 
pposite or verticillate, and often 

fascicled in the scili i uppermost alternate, linear or lanceolate, rather 
obtuse, tapering d acute at the base, minute ely pubescent, puncti on 
both sides, 3-nerved, the upper ones 1-nerved, entire, the lower ones spar- 
ingly t toothed or dadha heads d scales of the involucre 10, shorter 


an the flowers, very pubescen t, gland ular; the outer ones short; the others 
linear-oblong, obtuse, with slightly scarious margins; achenia glabrous and 
usually glandular.— Linn. / spec. 2. p. 836 (pl. Dill. Elth. & Pluk.! t. 88, 
J: 2); Willd.! spec. 3. p.1749; Ait.! Kew (ed n 4 £i 505. E. lineari 
folium & E Paola (chiefly), ! prodr. 5. E. rto 
at : ; Michz.! fl. 2. p.97 ENEA: Willd. ! l.c. 
vs 


B. leaves mostly verticillate, very narrowly linear, elongated, entire 

y- leaves seldom verticillate; the lower ones rather bro oadly lanceolate, 
— veined, coarsely gerrate-toothed.--- E. linearifolium, Michx. ! l. € 
E. i C. flee 


ó. BR usually [eed verticillate, ee a rather large and - 
serrate-toothed.—E. Torre m, Short! cat. Kentucky plast, 2nd suppl. i 
ry mostly sterile soil, fom diee oast of Massachusetis! and New Jersey i 

to Florida! and Wester douces 8. Middle Florida, Dr. Chapman: 
nob: ar the 


Leaves commonly 13-2 inches long, pd thick. an nd rigid ; the lateral nerves 
ewha : 


the 
nsensibly in 
Lope abundantly "iren bat I Michaux ne justly 
: united them. Our arieties 8. & 6. taken by themselves, would never 
e thought the same pecie but we are cable to separate them. 
7. E. leucolepis: stem mostl divari- 
y simple, puberulent; leaves opposite, 
cate, esie or cae obtuse, close E ssile, serrate, very scabrous on 
both sides, 


ne back, white and scarious at the su , as E wm. 
achenia minutely Tarer y EE) B- coat lepis, DC. i 
(par Ceres Michz. L c. partly (er herb. 1); P ursh ! 

a «I gen. 2. p. 135. E. oe Ell. sk. 2- 


EvPATORIUM. COMPOSITE. 85 


Alabama! and Western Louisiana! Aug.—Oct m 2-3 feet high. 
Leaves spreading or divaricate, rather rigid, Dop e verticillate, sel- 
dom fascicled in the meis uppermost rarely alternate, both surfaces of a 
pale glaucous hue, the midrib prominent beneath ; the De ones 2 or rarely 3 
inches in length, nd deus one-fourth to nearly half a wide, serrate 
with appres eeth; the upper narrower and serrate, or 
sometimes entire. Corolla, &c. nearly as in E. hyssopifolium ndages 
of "ed Pas rw pins e I m es of the style exserted.—This has 
som frs confounde E. Aie but is readily distin- 


at the summits feted very "abor rt, opposite, or the PE 


cu at the slightly petioled, tripli-nerved or 3-nerved from the 


s towards the 
ed on the loose tomentose branchlets of the corymb ; scales of the involucre 
8-10, very pubescent, sprinkled with yum obtuse ; snore iu pE gar 
dular.— Willd. ! spec. 3. p. 1753, notof DC.! E. glauc scens, Ei 
2. p. 303. ^ — oe IE mcd ex herb. !) E. hyssop ar 


pro 
Shady on s. Co lind Georgia! Alabama! and Florida! pu 
n 
iet an inch ve of a pale glaucous nei both sides, very ibit, the 


J 
2-4 obtuse teeth on adi side towards the summit. Involucre, flowers, 
Pappus, &c. nearly as in E. hyssopifolium. 


- E. parviflorum (en) yt oramus —— branching ; leaves 
opposite, or the lower sometimes ternate, and the upper frequently marii 


ries, s 
Obtuse ; achenia renes or ies ui Furor dull ! sk. 2. P € 


` Hook. ! i Sanit lo bot. mag. 1. p. 96. 
tonia alin Raf 3 i uper DC., & herb. Durand. 

B. : stem or branches strict, glabrous below corymbose at the 
Mii: ieva opposite (sometimes ternate), lanceolate, patie er rigid, almost 
So aie 8, acute, serrulate above the middle, tripli-nerved or 3- nerved ; the 
. Rerves sparingly anastom: 

Dam j soil, Virginia! u a! to id Florida! Alabama! and Western me 
isiana! 8.L ouisiana, Dr. Leavenworth! Louisiana and Texas, 


wide, varying from scarce ly a acu e to peer dem sometimes serrate nearly to 
the base ; the baat € firm. Heads about as aea as in E. i- 
] m, crow nvi ie shorter than the De our var. f. the 
eaves are smaller, Bess z glabrous, and rather narrow y lanceolate, resem- 
ur d the upper leaves dr T. parvifloru m, with which. it ag sin 
ih ovas e had adat it Edd st! species, ut pee oe x kie 
rm te states, we are is a mere 
florum. The E. ambiguum of Hooker is said to have Apo e du : 


86 — COMPOSITR. Enrere 


cres; we find only 5 in specimens distributed from Drummond’s collection; 
but two heads may occasionally become confluent, as happens in some other 
xe 


AE os wipes (Linn.): stem stout, tomentose-pubescent, corymbosely 
= pene at the summit; leaves opposite, nearly sessile, lanceolate, some- 
rv 


ory rous; heads 
scales of the ccm iod 10, linear-oblong, obtuse, pubescent or tomentose 
and glandular, imbricated, shorter than the flowers; achenia obscurel 
angled, somew hat glandular.— Linn. ! spec. 2. p. 837 ; Jacq. hort. Vindob. 
( 3. : : . 


$2 . p ; Pursh! fl. 2. p. 514; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 177. E. rupestre 
& E. (BM Enid ue de I Kohnin glutinosa; DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 127 (spec. 
Ell. !), "s aci Ell. ! 
barren soll, reds Ohio! and throughout the Western 
States! d the western portion of the Southern States! * Florida," Rafines- 
que ! Sept.-Oct.—Stenz 3-7 feet high. Leaves 3-4 inches op resem- 
m 


ost tomentose. Heads rather Sda Lobes of the corolla ovate-lanceolate. 
Style slightly enlarged and pubescent at thè base ; the evi ure elongated 
d. Pappu us ooh remotely scabrous-serrulat 


- 11. E. album (Linn.): stem pubescent, corymbose at the summit; leav 
ating sessile, broadly aan, oarsely serrate-toothed, veiny, punctate, 
r less pubescent and scabrous; i kochés of the corymb fastigiate, 
ERE be cra 5-flowered, glomer Kd scales of the involucre 10-14, closely 
imbricated, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, rigid, white and scarious above, 
mostly longer than the fl ; the exterior usually pubescent snd at length 
i es; — glandular. a. mant. E 
spec. 3. de 52 CA. 


Mic obes 
corolla ovate-lanceolate. Style Gunoi in cluded, but sometimes 
o gn exserted. Pappus iter. barbellate-serrulate 


12. E. teucrifolium MEL ): stem roughish- TERRES corymbose at t! 
~~ summit; leaves oppos: uppermost very frequently alternate), posila, 
or truncate at the base, slig 


rs of swam, ps and cbe "ence eec New Jersey! and Dae 
ial to neas ! an iana! —Sept.—Stem Ae feet high, 
rather slender. Leaves ie — long, inb as to the serratures, which — 


EUPATORIUM. COMPOSITÆ. 87 


s often very coarse and irregular, sometimes even and more numerous 
upper leaves sut. usually lanceolate Or deltoid- lenei tapora 
fro the base to the apex, but us FE rather obtuse, often entire, except a 
bs 


few coarse teeth near the base, occasionally deeply incise mbs small 
and dense, often somewhat paniculate. Scales of the involuere with scarious 
margins, little longer than the mature achenia A ihe fic name of Will- 


spec 
denow and that of Michaux were published during the dian year (1803). 


: E. rotundifolium (Linn.): stem densely pubescent, corymbose at the 
shinies leaves opposite, roundish-ovate, mostly obtuse, truncate or some- 
what cordate at the base, sessile, tripli-nerved, veiny, scabrous and pubes- 
cent, pale or somewhat hoary and glan — beneath, doe py d edens — 

of 


corymb fastigiate ; ben s 5-flowered ; scales the involuc ery pu- 
bescent, glandular ; the exterior very s eim the gear vein lanceolate, ab- 
ruptly acute or Beintünste: ge shorter. than t owers; achenia glan- 


dular.— Linn. ! spec. 9. p. 837 Willd. ! spec. 3. p MAT Miche. 2 2. 
. Bor e ; DC.! 
prodr. 5. p. 178. . Ma cilium, f Walt Car I. 180. ex ~ Eisen 


ry ste 
New iar to Florid a! A ra quet ! and Texas! Jul 
feet high, —— Leav 2 inches long. Pappus a little (onsen 
E aes E, 


14. E. TIRE (Muhl.): stem very pubescent or somewhat hirsute, 
corym ly branched at the summit; leaves opposite, ovate, mostly acute, 


dum, Ell. l.c. p. 299? a Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 296. Ve 2 
Here dee B. : tims Torr.! in DC. l-e. E.obovatum, Raf. in 


assach: us = Ne ew Jers ey! Pennsylvania, and probably in the Southern 
States, in similar situations with the prece ceding. Aug.—Sept.—Stem 9-4 feet 
L 


near the , rather ob sely serrate ; the teeth (as in the pre- 

Ceding) either simple and equal, or occasionally unequal, thus becoming 

somewhat doubly serrate. Scales of the involucre with scarious summits. 
rolla, pappus in E. rotundifolium, which it sometimes appro 


Co pa ach 
perhaps too closely ; but = heads appear to be uniformly more than 5- 
flowered.—The specimens in Willdenow’s herbarium Doirani fol. p 
passas d belong to this asians but that author states the heads to 


t t Leaves closely sessile or partly clasping at the base, or sometimes connate: 
heads 10-20- (rarely 5-) flowered. 


j 


15. E. oe pete ) : glabrous; stem corymbosely branched = ~ 


m opposite, close ges or partly clasping, distinct, rounded at 
x, sharply serrate, vein , obscurely punctate and paler beneath; 
rnb Lime y ae ied 5-flowered ; scales of the involucre 10, 
imbrieated somewhat in a triple series, oval or oblong, obtuse, canescently 


88 COMPOSITAE. EvPATORIUM. 


) 


à 


ubescent, glandular ; rd prety Duran —Linn. ! cag? 2. p. 837; 
Willd.! m 9. p ; Michx. ! fl. 9. p. 98; Pursh! fl. 9. p. 5133 
Ell. LL. a R 4. Bos : ed. 2. p ; 995; Darlingt. Jl. Cesl; p. 451; ; DC! 

odr. 5. p. 1 E an, d Ell. sk. 2 2. p. 298. 

Borders of cei ath Massachusetts! New York ! asc ur and 
along the Alleghany Mountains to Georgia! and — Aug.-Sept.— 
Stem 2-4 feet high, much branched 


observed the smaller ani Ma Lobes of the corolla ovate- lanceolate- Style 
moderately exserted ; the base minutely bulbous and villou 


16. E. perfoliatum (Linn.): stem stout, very aides cs or villons-hirsute, 
cory ly branched above; leaves opposite, connate-perfoliate, divaricate, 
lanceolate, elongated, tapering gradually from the base to see acaminate 
apex, obtusely serrate, veiny, the veinlets reticulated beneath, rugos 
bescent, the lower surface usually almost tomentose-pubescent and orinkled 


with resinous dots; b fastigiate, compound ; the h commonly 10 
flowered ; scales of the involucre 12-15, pubescent, glandular, imbri 

cated ; the e inner ‘alee ur young. with scarious tips; achenia glabrous 
or ane. glandular.— speg: 9. p. 838; ode Koc z 761; 
Pursh! l.c.; Ells "302, Bigel.! med. bot 


: (05 
Bost. ed. 9. p. 997 ; Raf. med. bot. t. 36; Dorset T. "Cost. p. 451; ; 
- Bor.-Am. 1. p. 305; DO? odr. 5. p. 1 5l. 
eaves glabrous above, pues only on the midrib and veins of the 
lower surface ; heads E. Eh d! 


ube 
and truncate ar the’ "base ; the uppermost frequentl > alters 
hl. in Willd. t fpes 3. p. 1751; not of Ell., simui of 
C. E. salviefolium, Bot. mag. t. 2010. 
ô. smaller; leaves mostly narrowed at the base, distinct or slightly con- 
nmm cuneatum, Engelmann! 

Swampy ege Canada ! Uwe “Missouri! and throughout = eee 
States! abundan 9. Arkansas, near Little Rock, Dr. Engelmann! July- 
Sept. et "high. Leaves often 6-8 inches long, stall perfectly 
connate at the base, where they are widest, decote arely ternate and 


by the confluence of several heads into one, and the scales of ‘the pee 

are likewise increased in number. The same t ing we suspect ee 
occurs in E. sessilifolium, and perhaps in other species. The E. tru a 

of Muhlenberg and Willdenow, according to herbarium of the latter, is n 

ing more than a of this species with the upper leaves disjoined p 


18. E. resinosum (Torr. n lvety-puł , simple, or corymbosely 
branched at the summit ; leav s opposite ly sessile or egi clasping 
at the be, linea lanceolate, elongate spread ing or divaricate, attenuate- 
acuminate, evenl ; pinnately veined, “ioniy glabrous 
above, minutely kukajo aarahi se ath, both surfaces glandular and 
somewhat viscid astigiate, compound ; 


nt 
les.— Torr.! in DC. EE 5. Ki e 
2 e pine ew Jersey, n Quae er 
Bridgo and Wading River! Also ^ Punneylvaniey”- Bartra n herb. 
Banks. under the name of E. canescens.) Aug. Ropon ciet grow- 


EUPATORIUM. COMPOSITÆ. - 


ing in tufts, 2-3 feet high. Leaves 4-6 inches long, or often shorter, 4 to 5 
lines "tes pale, rather membranaceous, cohering to the paper in the pro- 
cess of drying, on account of the numerous resinous globules intermixed with 
the close scd nce. Heads rather small, very numerous. ecd 
short. Style moderately exserted.—This very distinct and apparen y very 
local om was discovered in the year 1833, by one of the poi of this 
ied athe pine barrens of New Jersey, where it occurred abundantly, 
Ehin never received it from any other na n the Banksian 
Didin: Sesa er, there is a specimen from Bartram, e; aià to have been 
collected in Pennsylvania. In habit it teles bos E. leucolepis; but the 
leaves are rather A and clothed with a very soft pubescence, and the 
involucre is differen 


t t t Leaves on slender petioles: heads 12-15-flowered. 


- E. serotinum (Michx.) : stem pulverulent-pubescent, much branched 

eg leaves opposite, the upper frequently alternate, on sle nder petioles, 

ovate-lanceolate, tapering above, iuto tripli- Wah me m pubescent 

serrate ; corym merous, com- 

pound; heads 12-15-flowered ; scales of the DINE 10-13, - incer- diit 

With scarious margins, very put imbricated ; pup cvm. sel- 
dom Miner: —AMichz. ! fl. 9. p. 100 ; Ell.! sk. 2. p. 304 ; DC.! prodr. 


pl 
eai il, N.. Carolina! to Georgia! and Illinois! to Arkansas! and 


sena. ‘Sept. -Oct.—Stem 5-6 feet high, usually diffusely and some- 
what paniculately branched dea the branches either — or — 
Leaves 5-6 inches long; the lower ones narrowly ovate, with numerous 


coarse often ce id teeth ; those of the brandhies de pen few unequal 

teeth towards the base. Heads very numerous, rather small. Pappus about 

the length of the Sidik & 

$4. Heads 8-30-flowered : scales of the campanulate involucre 8-20, nearly 
equal and in a single series: herbaceous : leaves opposite or rarely alternate, 
ovate, petioled, not punctate or sprinkled with resinous globules: achenia not 
glandular : flowers white or purple. 


ageratoides (Linn. f.): glabrous; stem branching; leaves opposite, 
ightly cordate, — tripli- 
» membranaceous, coarsely and sharply serrate ; corymbs « und; 
heads 12-20- -flowered ; scales of the u 12-14, equal, in a single 
series, narrowly lan sca "€ and rather obtuse at = dee slightly 
posent and idle: rolla wed below, er de e — it, 
nger than the idus: achenia 1 gita Linn hat p. 3 
Willd.! spec. 3. p. 1765; Pursh T4 2. p. 516; Ell. sk. 9. p. 303; Bigel. 
Jl. Bost. ed. 9. p. 298; — dr Bor.- Am. 1. p. 305; Dartingt: f. Cest. 
P- 451; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 175. = urtieefoliam, Reich. syst. 3. p. 719; 
Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 100; not = Linn. f. & Smith. E. cénodifoliudi; Dc. 
l. c.? E. caule c— xà Linn.! hort. Clift p. 396. Ageratum altissi- 


and +a common, part icularly in the Northern States. ae ee 

Stem 2-3 feet high; Pen ieksh and branches a little pubescent. Leaves 
dilated and obtuse or truncate at the base, sometimes abruptly taper- 

bur the petiole; the latter 1 to 2 inches in prm, Flowers pure white, 

-very numerous, exhaling a somewhat pee Lobes of the 

ovate, glabrous. Style mu 


=  vOL. H.-12 


90 COMPOSITE. EUPATORIUM. 


. E. aromaticum (Linn.) : pese or somewhat glabrous; 
-i € ‘simple or loosely corymbose at the mit; leaves opposite, on short 
les, or sometimes almost sess ide, ov emi subcordate, or ovate-oblong, 
ather acute or obtuse, rarely acuminate, 3- — or tripli-nerved, of a 
thickish and firm ge T; scabrous-pubescen ather obtusely dentate- 
serrate; corvmbs loose, somewhat panicled: a S 8-20- (commonly 12-15-) 
red ; scales of on fears e 10-14, linear- dici D nearly equal, pubes- 
cont gers slightly scarious sid m Miss corolla narrowed below, cam- 
panulate at the summit, rather exceeding the pappus; achenia glabrous.— 
inn.! spec. 2. p. 839 (fide herb.! & syn. Pluk.! dp nos Ur Willd. ! 
ec. 3. p. ; Michz.! fl. 2. p. 100; Pursh! f. 2 . ; Ait.! Kew. 
(ed. 2.) 4. p. 508; = ! sk. 2. p. 304; Bigel. fl Lo . 998; 
Darlingt.! fl. Cest. ; DC.! prodr. 5 tum, Walt. 
Car. p. 199; fixe: "s smaller-leaved forms.) E. melissoides Willd. 


l. c. p. 1754. (a dwarf form; heads about 8-flowered!) E. ceanothifolium, 
ra l. in Willd. ! spec. l. c. "(fide herb. Willd.; but the tiende. at least 12- 
Sred. instead of E zd Ell. ! tee. (leaves small, peter ies 
8-10- p '); DC.! l.c. (leaves larger, acuminate, nearly glabr a 


& E. “Sa Poir. suppl. fide DC. (Eupatorium, pea 
t. 672 d 


ut i 
and much firmer leaves on shorter petioles, fewer heads, but usually larger 
- flowers. The root is perennial. 


- E. ageratifolium (DC.): shrubby, glabrous; the branches terete; 

P dits opposite, petioled, broadly ovate, somewhat truncate at the base, at- 

` tenuate at the apex, obtuse, coarsely toothed, 3-nerved, not glandular; co- 
edicels at vi 


y pubes- 
red; scales of the involucre in a double series, 
rather gem iiy ciliate at the apex, at length pion g; pappus 
as long as the co: € iae a puberulent, the angles somewhat scabrous. 

C.! r ^e 


B. Texense : d ibus ; pedicels, petioles, and Boone! the veins of the 
_ leaves minutely puberulent ; heads about 12-flow 
Limestone rocks, Sabina’s Creek (Camanc i cas Tex xas, Dr. Riddell! (8-) 
—Shrub 6 feet high; the branches terete ; the branchlets slightly angled. 
Leaves in shape and texture wholly resembling many forms of E: aromati- 
lar. e 


m 0. 

pee or nearly so; the exterior scales 4—6, linear, rather acute, 
er and bracteola: ate; the inner about the same number, 

her broader, with narrow scarious margins, somewhat obtuse, bec 
. ciliate at the apex. Corolla “ white, slightly tinged with rose-color" (Rid- 
dell), dilated upwards, scarcely longer than the pappus; the teeth short, 

i A ios uberulent, and a MERE somewhat viscous.— The 
pe exactly with De la Sagra's Me from 


Cuba, except Pm 2 
| 83. ae pe tems oboe stem rere ocho. © branching; leaves 

tioles, membra deltoid, t te or subcor 
^ Ate (rarely coe obt s x oid, truncate o wie. 


ly e 5 3-nerved at the base, slightly pubescent; T4 : 
E panicled ; heads 20-flowered ; scales of the i involucre 
nearly ere Lene few of the outermost shorter,) in a somewhat double 


Evpatoricm. COMPOSITE. -91 
series, subulate-linear, acute, 2-nerved, slightly pubescent; m about the 
length of the iifundibolilorme — corolla; achenia glabro: — Walt. Car 
p. 200 M sk. ! prodr. 5. p. 175. 

Rich "3 Carolina ! to Florida! Losan and Texas! Sept--Nowv. 


ga 2-3 feet high, at length decumbent and producing numerous branch- 
Leaves 1-2 inches long, the lat = nerves pedately branched from me 

base ; — rather shone than the lamina. Heads s nearly as large a 

E.a oides. Lobes of the corolla light purple, very short, ovate, ^ X 

glabrous. Bra Eee of the sli ghtly exserted style very obtuse.—Considera- 

bly ogee Conoclinium ceelestinum. 


24. ccidentale (Hook.): nearly glabrous; stem (or branches) — 
leaves z Dais (rarely era on short Siesta ovate, acute or acumi- 
e 


nate, tripli terris coarsely and sparingly se ; the uppermost nario 
EY mall and inis pm i ure heads 15-25-flowered ; 
of the conca inear, acute, eet equal, in a single series ; corol 
"dp. ! fl. Bor.- A 


sca 
infundibulform ; otg € Lise —— .! fl. Bor.- Am. PE TET 
C. ! prodr. 5. p. 176. 
p- 286. 


ser.) 7. 
Interior of Oregon, in Mee places, Douglas! Nuttall '— Plant 6-12 A: 
owers white or pale rose-color. Styles much exserted. Lea 
iios an inch long. 


Eupatorium luteum of Rafinesque doubtless belongs to some other genus; but it 


will never be identified by the following character: “ E. luteum (yellow Eupatory) ; 
leaves linear, cuneifo acute, entire, smooth ; ‘to paniculated; calyx 4-flow- 
ered —In New a Raf. à n med. repos . (hex. 2.) 5. p. 361.— olium and 


Eupatorium Prion lanum of Sprengel, and of —— (in. gated ll. p. 
5), which came fro - we est ‘Indies, and not from South America 
States, is a genuine of Vernonia, (fide. s e. in Aerb. ers: Prof. 
Schlechtendal must E. vois the double Sa 


17. MIKANIA. Willd. spec. 3. p. 1452; DC. prodr. 5. p. 187. 


Heads mostly 4-flowered. Receptacle naked, narrow. Scales of the in- 
voluere 4 or 5. Corolla dilated or campanulate at die summit, 5-toothed. 
Anthers partly exserted. (Style with a cylindrical glabrous bulb at the 
base; the branches exserted, filiform, scarcely obtuse.) Achenia angled. 
Pappas in a single series, capillary, scabrous.—Shrubby or or herbaceous 
mostly climbing plants (chiefly tropical and American), with opposite com- 
EEN cordate leaves. Heads corymbose, panicled, or spicate. Flowers 
whitish. 


1. M. scandens be ag s stem gets. twining ; leaves on slender peti- 
9les, cordate, acumin di rengin or angularly toothed towards the 
ra 


r pubescent, or 
ile F the cac cfe: lanceolate 


Linn.! 


es 


ES - COMPOSITE. MikANIA. 


Moist shady places, m gen streams, Mestehot to Louisiana! 
common; the more pubescent forms occurring in the Southern States. 
July-Sept.—Flowers purplish-white or flesh-color. gren appendiculate 

at the aper 

18. CONOCLINIUM. DC. prodr. 5. p. 134. 
Heads many-flowered. Involucre campanulate ; the scales linear or sub- 
ulate, somewhat imbricated in 2-3 series, nearly equal. Receptacle naked, 

conical! Corolla tubular-infundibuliform, 5-toothed at the summit. Anthers - 
“ included. Branches of the style somewhat cylindrical, obtuse. Achenia 
angled, glabrous. Pappus capillary, scabrous, in a single series. —Perennial 
herbs or suffruticose (American) plants, with opposite petioled toothed leaves. 
Corymbs terminal, crowded. Flowers blue or purple. 


C. celestinum (DC.! 1. c.):  birbécéod us, pubescent or nearly glabrous; 
"feu deltoid-ovate, ofien isle cordate, tapering to the apex, coarsely 

crenate-serrate, tripli-nerved, on slender pr tioles; scales of the (30-60-flow- 
— involucre about 30, nearly subulate.— Eupatorium pape Linn. 
spec. 2. p. 838; Willd. ! spec. > p. 1764; “Miche. 15919. 9 ; Ell. + Pp 
306 ; Ben. ! fl. Cest. p. 462. Cublestina inde cus syst. 3. p. 
m Beck! bot. p. 198 ; Hook. ! compan. to bot. mag. p. 96; not of Cass., 


Thickets &c. Pennsylvania, and throughout the Western and Southern 

tates! Sept.—Stem 2-3 feet hi gh, sometimes hairy. Flowers light bluish- 
purple, S dd Achenia oei with resinous globules. = ne ie e enus is dis- 
tinguished from Eupatorium merely by the conical e cun 


 Subtribe 9. - TUSSILAGINE®, Less.—Heads with the flowers dissimilar or 


somewhat dicecious t purplish, or sometimes yellow); the pistillate 
either ligulate or tub 


19. NARDOSMIA. Cass. dict. 35. p. 186; Los sym. p. 139. xdi 
Heads many-flowered, somewhat diccious. 
- the ray in a single series, pistillate, ligulate ; of th 
but infertile, with the corolla tubular and 5-toothe 


STERILE Pr. Flowers of 
pai numerous, perfect 
ERTILE Pr. Flow- 


-ers of the ray in several series, pistillate, a ae ligulate ; those of the 
disk | few, tubular. Scales of the involucre in a si ingle series, equal to or 
shorter than 


the flowers. Receptacle flat, naked. Achenia somewhat terete, 
glabrous. Pappus capillary, that of the sterile plant shorter and less copious _ 
than of the fe fertile.— Perennial herbs (in N. Ame rica nearly confined to the 
ie =, regions). Leaves radical, cordate, toothed | F lobed, gen e s 
pearing with or rather later than the flowers. Scape with scaly bracts; the. 
heads in a fastigiate thyrsus or corymb. Flowers purplish or nearly ¥ 
fragrant. i Ei E 
ie -a 
- N. frigida oo leaves cordate, unequall ly and sel 
y coarsely t 
Se d inii glabrous above, the lower seque white t 


x Nanpossta. COMPOSITE. 93 . . 


tomentose ; the lobes at the base A DC.—Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 1 
p. 307 (enel. P 7); DC. prodr. 5 N. augulosa, Cass. dict. L ie 
Less æa, 6. p. 107. ue Ta igida, Linn. « Fl. Dan. GOE: 
Pury oe = p. 531.. T. scapo imbricato, &c.* Gmel. fi. Sibir. 2. p. 
t. 70 
Arie rod from lat. 66°, Might Kotzebue's Sound! and Una- 
schka! to Lake Winipeg, lat. the mountains of Canada, and the 
dee mountains of Vermont and Nev ew Hampshire, according to Pursh. 
corymbosa (Hook.) : leaves cordate, sinuate and acer denti ci 
Bop. acute, glabrous M. tomentose beneath; the lobes at the base di- 
verging. DC.— Hook. ! ; DC. prodr. 5. p. 206. uss de 
bosa, R. Br. es Posi. ‘Ist voy. suppl. p. 269; Hook. & A 
Beechey, p 
rctic “ee ca, from —€— Island ! to | ipsios s en ! and d to 


S Norman, in about 65°.—Corymb with few 

N. sagittata (Hook.) : leaves boot acute, sagi ttate, entire; the lobes 
asi; DC. (lea abe brine or reniform- -sagiti ate, sinuate-toothed, tomentose 
beneath. Hook. |. c.—Tussilago sagittata, Pursh, fl. 2 


ussi =p: 

Hudson’s Bay (Hutchinson), Pursh. Swamps in the Rocky “Moun tains 
(Drummond !) and from Lake Superior in lat. 48°, to Fort Franklin in lat. 
66°, Richardson.—With numerous specimens before + we strongly suspect 
{as Hooker also does) that this and the two preceding are hic gena one 

i me- 


- N. palmata (Hook.): leaves reniform or roundish-cordate, tomentose 
beneath palmately 5-7-lobed ; the segments coarsely toothed, sep incised 
obed.— Hook. ! Bor.- Am. 1. p. 308; DC. N. pal- 
mata, iliko & speciosa, Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. ote. pé F 
p.988. Tussilago palmata, Ait. Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 188, t. 2; Willd. ! spec. 
3. p. 1972 ; Pursh! fl. 2. p: 531 ; Beck, bot. p. 199- 
Swamps and shady banks of streams, No odiund & Labrador! zt 
from Bear Lake, lat. 67°, to the Rocky Mountains! and to the Pacific at the 
mouth of the Oregon! Also Lake Huron and Maine, Nuttall. Fairhaven, 


: i, Mr. bi : 
toc: Saratoga, New York, Dr. Steele! April-May.—Leaves some- 
s 10 to 12 inches in € aeter, when fully developed. Scape stout, 6-20 
inches high, with numerous 3 lea a e aths. Heads numerous, in a corymbose 
thyr rocky Mountains are noticed by Hooker, 
4 z 10 this species, m the preceding perhaps 
uttal jokeriana is said to be founded upon the N. 
palmata of Hooker, as well as ‘of Willdenow, Pursh i in part, anc a ponian : 
Bs speciosa is the N. peg of Hooker from Oregon specimens 
ord so well with the figure of Aiton, € oo ie plant " ie Northern 
Un ited States, &c. (which presents very considerable diversities in size and 
s cm ge) that we see not | o be distinguished. Although the species of 


he degree of division or v the ape The sub- — 5 
ad subfeminine plants are pas appearanc = 


USSILAGO. Tourn.; Gaertn. fr. t. 170; Less. syn. p. 199. 


 many-flowered, heterogamous. Flowers of the ray very narrowly | 
, in sev several series, pistillate ; those of the disk yum 


a - COMPOSITE. T'ussiLAGO. 


of the conie campanulate, 5- -toothed), staminate: Scales of the involucre 
oblong, obtuse, somewhat in a single series. Receptacle naked. Anthers 
scarcely caudate. Style abortive in the flowers of the disk; in those of the 
ray 2-cleft, the branches somewhat terete. Achenia of the ray somewhat 
cylindrieal-oblong, glabrous; in the disk abortive. Pappus of the ray- 


ve. 
flowers in many series, of the disk in a single series, capillary.—A perennial 5 


herb, common throughout Europe and Asia, and sparingly naturalized in | 
northern portions of the United States. Rhizoma rather thick, horizontal. 
m — radical, appearing later than the flowers, cordate, angled or toothed, > 
ioled. Scape clothed with scaly bracts, tomentose, bearing a single h head. 
F A yellow.—Colt’s-foot. 


T. — gee Va Dan. t. 595 ; Engl. Y g 429; Willd. ! spec. 


3. p- 1 ! prod 5P 208; Beck bt 
Gre P p iw heallow in cultivated gronds s; introduced from 
urope. March-April.—The Colts Seles well known article of the os is 
lar thateria medica, althou hn t eiumerated by any dise write 


91. ADENOEAULON. Hook. bot. misc. 1. p. 19, t. 15, & fl. Bor.-Am. 
l. p. 308; DC. prodr. 5. p. 207. 


Heads 5-10-fowered, heterogamous ; : the flowers all tubular and equal: 
those of the ray 5, in a single series, pistillate; of the disk 4-5, staminate- 
Corolla 4—5-lobed. Scales of the involucre several, án a single series, Te- 
flexed in fruit. Receptacle naked. Achenia obovate-oblong or clavate, 
_ bearing towards the summit numerous large stipitate glands. Pappus none. 
—Perennial (N. American & Chilian) herbs. Stem leafy towards the base, 
naked and paniculate above, clothed with a somewhat deciduous tomentose 
pubescence, glandular towards the summit. Leaves alternate, pinnately or 
palmately veined, membranaceous, petioled, glabrous above, tomentose and 
canescent beneath. Heads few, small, loosely ponie Flowers ap- 
parently white. 


c hA nor (Hook.! l. e.) : leaves — neg ee pne 
toothed or sinuate, somewhat decurrent on DC. 

gi oli ium: leaves eame Pepa acan or slightly ety 7 e 
te-toothed or —A. integrifolium, Nutt. / in trans. Amer. 


phil. soc. (n R9. 
; Dense woods, Oregon, from Fort Vancouver, &c. Dr. Scouler ! Nuttall !. 
to the Rocky —: in lat. 52°, Drummond! Near the outlet of Lake 
atch une.—Stem 10-30 inches high, slender. Leaves 


2-4 inches long, and | ually about the same bread t the base sely 
entose beneath with a close white arachnoid pubescence. Anthers r 

tate, acuminate, sterile and nearly unconnected in the fertile flowers. Sty 

paar gece flowers, in the fertile with two short obtuse lobes.- de i 


rae ‘eaves is very ineo mime oe the o "does Mur Em o. 


C 


* 


ASTEROIDER. COMPOSITE. 95 
Trige IIl. ASTEROIDE Æ. I 


Style (in the perfect flowers) etienne, above; the peen flat 
or flattish, mostly linear or lanceolate; above equally pubescent exter- 
á maly; the conspicuous stigmatic lines terminating where the exterior 

pubescence commences, not confluent.—Leaves alternate, or rarely 


"site. 
“ay hy 4 
ns CONSPECTUS OF THE SUBTRIBES. 
E me 


` Subtribe 1. Asrerinem. - Heads heterogamous and radiate, or homogamous, Re- 
Did: seldom chaffy. Anthers not caudate. Leaves alternate . 9$ 
45 Div. 1. Asrzrem. Heads radiate, — (rays never yellow). 
190 Div. 2. — OCOM Heads radiate, or homogamous, homochromous 
(both the ray ind disk yellow). 
Subtribe 2. P ABR eee Heads pala. or heterogamous, but never de n : 
the pistillate flowers tubular, — or filiform, in ave ral series. Kecepfacle 
P ot chaffy. Anthers not cau 
ubtribe 3. TARCHONANTHEJE.- E. s dicci dis or Og ape -but never ra- 
rent the ras flowers ee and very or hete mostly in oes series. 


Subtribe 4. ndr Heads heterogamous and radiate, or WM Em d dis- 
coid, never diccious. Receptacle not chaffy. Anthers caudate. es 
ate fb 


Subtribe 5. EcryPrEx. Heads het eterogamous, radiate. Receptacle chaffy. An- 
thers not caudate. a toothed or awned, or none. Leaves opposite. Ze 


Subtribe 1. Eo DC.—Heads heterogamous and radiate, or ho- 
E never diccious. Receptacle seldom chaffy. Anthers not cau- - 
- Leaves almost always alternate. 


Div. 1. AstTEREZ, DC.—Heads heterogamous, radiate; the rays of 
the c cyanic series (viz: white, purple, or blue, &c.); the disk-flowers yellow, 
but frequently changing to "ins in fading. Receptacle not chaffy, except 

1n à species of Corethro ogyne 2 


CONSPECTUS OF THE GENERA. 
Subdiv, 1. Evasteres.—Pappus of capillary or rarely subulate ee 426 
* Rays neutral or sterile. Pappus simple, capillary. uis 
«39. GataTELLA. Append of the ciim triangular or deltoid-spatulate. Pap- 
pus ofthe ray and disk similar. 

23. 3. Consranocrn. Appendages of the style densely penicillate. Pappus of 

. . the ray nearly or entirely wanting. 

Pappus of the ray and disk similar (except in Erigeron § Phalacro- 
loma), simple or d double ; the inner capillary. * 

Ra — or numerous, in & s 
je imb L diem mostly bi- - 


Pappus simple, very u unequal. 
e series, cem lucre obovate, much im 
Leaves y pinnately 


96 COMPOSIT®. ASTEROIDEE. 


Senrcocanniiina pus simple, unequal. Den of the ray and disk few. 
Involue ong, imbricated, aig 
AsTER. — simple, copio Rays nume ee in asingle series. Invo- 
lucre more or less e tee lao a eolate. 
easton: Pa appus er ches (age Appian. or pon me exterior ee 
ceous-subulate ha numerous, and often 
o or more pk Suet of the inv bani nearly me almost in 
ingle series. Keceptacle naked 
28. PaE Pappus double; the exterior short and setaceous or squamel- 
late-subulate. Rays i ina single series. Involucre imbricated. 


* * * Pappus of the ray aud disk dissimilar. 


29. ‘Townsenvra. Pappus simple; that of the disk competed o of C roble 


lary bristles ; of | the ray short and petes Acheni 


30. Cusrorim, Pappus do us the inner of 5 E bristle; the exterior of 
o 5 hyaline scales. Achen ia nearly te 


31. PEN Pappus of several very small, m 2 or more rigid and e: 
larger bristles. - nia flat, margine 
ABW suuis, 2. BELLIDEX.— Pappus none, or minute and coroniform. 


32. BELLIS. Achenia obovate, compressed. Pappus no 
33. ArnaNosTEPHUs, Achenia terete. Pappus a very minute crown. 
LJ 


Subdiv. 1. Evasterex.—Pappus, at least the inner, composed of capillary 
or rarely subulate bristles. (Euasteree, Diplopappee, Erigereze, & Heteropap- 
pee, DC 

! 22. GALATELLA. Cass. dict. 37. p. 463; Nees, Ast. p. 158. (excl. spec.) 
Galatea, Cass. (dict. 18, Ẹec.); Less. 

$ Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers few (3-12), sterile, but usually 
furnished with a bo style, and sometimes with one or two abortive 
filaments ; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Involucre shorter than the 
disk ; the scales closely imbricated in 3 or 4 series, sometimes obscurely 1 
nerved or slightly carinate, destitute of herbaceous tips; the outermost 
bracteolate. Receptacle al veolate, the alveoli toothed. Corolla of the disk 
_ with a cylindrical tube, and an expanded deeply 5-cleft limb; the lobes lan- 
ceolate-linear, spreading. Anthers exserted. Branches of the style (in the 
disk-flowers ers) li inear, terminated by a short and deltoid- spatulate or tri- 


D pad 
AE Se 


à, si y-villoas. Pappus composed of 3 copious rather rigid un 

errulate-geabrous capillary - bristles ; that of the ray similar but es 

erennial herbs (natives of Europe, Northern Asia, and the United 
"we d the stems simple below, corymbose at the summit. Leaves alter- 
nate, lanceolate or linear, entire, rather rigid, 1-3 nerved, veinless, often 
ages es nctate. pum bees the fastigiate branches. Rays ert 
. purple, or pe white nes Jute sometimes ue 
= purplish 


^ oe | 
| ron mme perenne 


us 


£ 


i 


GALATELLA. COMPOSIT#. 97 


e two genera have vM nearly = zase geographical range The sterile 
rays piit distinguish it from Aste - meris (species of Calimeris of 
Und to which Aster enis Ait. belo 


- G. hyssopifolia I in eae diei minutely scabrous; the co- 
Prius branches num ves lanceolate- fiat. acute, 
narrowed at the base, punctate, e six Be: ose of de brauchs small, sub- 
ulate- eri ; involucre about half ge length B the d the scales acutish ; 
he rior ovate-lance cola ather wt nds lien linear-oblong, 
Xm membranaeeous p ; rays is uper than the e sk.— Nees, Ast. 
p.160; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 255. -G. albiflora, dec dict. 1 p- 58. (under 
- Galatea.) Aster hysoriin Linn. ! mant. A Willd.) spec. 3. p. 
Au Pursh l fl. 2. p. Ell. ! sk. 2. p..3 ; 
eaves tly l- sere ; rays 3-7, we exceeding the disk.—G. lini- 
folia, Nees, l. c. ; DC.! L c. (excl. syn. Lin G.a pum Cass. = dict. 
Sci. nat. 18. p. 58, fide Nas. Cayea linifolia, Nt. n 2. p.1 
* Sandy daas and woods, New Jersey to Carolina," Pursh! rem “Oet. 
—Stem 1-2 feet high, birict. Leaves 1-3 inches long. spreading, 1 -nerved, 
and often with two less distinct lateral nerves. . Rays white, tinged with pur- 
ple.—This is a very uncommon plant, if indeed it be a pare of Pit United 
States. We have never on © ith an indigenous specimen, unless that in 
Elliot's herbarium, commu ted by Muhlenberg, dunes prove to be so 
ses 


o 
rays), but even to hav t with New Jersey specimens of E i e. i 
loides. His G. leptophylla, a an Tw e species or unkno E 
also conjectured to be a native of North America. The species rof Galatella 
are still in much confusion 


23. D T UM DC. prodr. 5. p. 215. 


Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers neutral, numerous, in a single se- 
ries; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the hemispherical invo- 
lucre imbricated in several series, lanceolate or linear, with somewhat spread- 
ing tips; the exterior shorter. Receptacle flat, obscurely alveolate, some- 
times with linear chaff scattered among the flowers. Rays linear, elongated ; 
the corolla of the disk cylindraceous, with 5 short (somewhat hairy) teet 
Anthers tipped with a filiform-cuspidate appendage. Branches of the yh 
linear, bordered with conspicuous ‘stigmatic lines, tipped with a dense peni- 
cillate tuft of rather rigid bristles. Achenia of the ray none, or a mere rudi- 
Be the disk cuneif rm or ares silky or tilag. ag simps 


sg , OF 


ous rather tat ur 


E $ 


=e ra short. and unequa al brine. — Pordig herbs. or nek pixie (na- 


tives of California), clothed with a soft and white, at length somewhat decidu- 
Ous wool; the branches terminated by rather large solitary ie quens 
numerous, linear-lanceolate or oblanceolate, mucronulate, cl ; the | i 
radical and lowermost tapering into a petiole, serrate or toxthied towards the - 


apex. Rays violet-purple; the disk eae Pappus turning reddish-brown x 
purplish. 


“Or 
To this in teresting genus (founded upon a © 


Soe os € (32 | 
us of Hoo : * 
He species in mie Amat in Bee uttall, upon which he n established a m- 


+ you. n.13 oY, 
VOL. " 


98 COMPOSITE. Ce ORETHROGYNE. E 
3 


re the Anian Pph © ae a 
hrogyn inia 


: 
: 50 pm e. - the 
a (ex redna the- chaff of the xi a we still strongly 
suspect the y will Dire w 0 be the same species. The A.? tellus, Hook. & A 

is s. d a different species, perhaps too near C. filaginifolia ia. 

$1. l- Receptacle with linear iun e dar chaffy scales intermixed among 

WETS,  vsually if mabalicays, wanting in the centre of the head. 
C. Cali liforn 


stems and simple branches very woolly, leafy ; 
aes incar lmceolate ktera, the lower ones lanceolate-oblong. taper- 

. ing to se, sparingly toothed ; scales of the hemispherical involucre " 
glandular-viseid, w ith somewhat | Spreading tips; achenia wd S ilky- 
villous.— DC. ! aw €. j Hook. & Arn. ! bot mien suppl. p. 3 

California, Douglas !—Leaves an inch or engih, wc woolly 

- ike the stem, resembling a Gnapbalium. onde ‘rad, three fGen of an 
h in diameter. Scales of the _involucre rigid; the innermost linear, as 
long as the disk, scarious below: the exterior Becta entirely herbaceous 


and glandular-viscid externally, abd also slightly woolly : the summit of the 

branches likewise slightly glandular. Chaff of the receptacle narrow, sca- 

rious, sometimes as long as the flowers and with herbaceous tips, E some of 

1 reduced to hyaline eee not more than nes Vs aed ay of the achenia. 
HC At $ i oth 


ae diea t: 2. “Receptacle destitute of chaf. 


tt.): very woolly; stem: very leaf , branching above; 
aring zs “eaves fines puo late, suberect ; the 
lowermost obl g-lanceolate, tap ring to the base, sparingly toothed ; $ scales 
of the hemispherical involucre elaniular-viseid, with — spreading 
ps; i entose;' ky-canescent.— Nutt. ! ans. Amer» 
w): p- 290, excl. syn. 

jc ss, Natali May—The r ray- -flowers (light bluish- 

reel an. and ap- 


"i d 
e mpl rss The ilopeppus cab BR Lindl referred ies by 


ui PE woes Di eteri 


p 


Si | ConETHROGYNE. COMPOSITÆ. | 99 


first woolly- capescent, at length nen glabrous ; achenia cuneiform-oblong, 
pang Bechet, 1 escent.—Nuit./ l.c. Aster? filaginifolius, Hook. pi 
Arn rr TN p- TG. Diplopappus leücapllfilus, Lindl. in D 
roar. T: 
dd fees Capt. Beechey! St. Barbara, Nuttall !—Plant more 
Senter” d "branched than the preceding, apparently pa o. suffruticose at 
the base ; the eena similar, but looser an or deciduous. He 
smaller; the scales of the involucre fewer, and not glandular « or viscid. Pap- 
pos of the ray almost none. Young achenia turbinate and silky-canescent ; 
en mature compressed and uppotely silky-pubescent. The sy resem- 
ies. 


À bles that of the preceding spec 


4. C. tomentella : aem shrubby at the base; ehe Moschee slender, vod 
leafy to tien summ s (of the branches T 
oblong, eee ae tues of the short branchlet i peduncle crowded, 
very small and bract-like, paming into ss o oo Aga tomentose scales 


the somewhat turbinate i involucre; € X Opa —Aster? tomen- 


tellus, Hook. & Arn. ! bot. Beechey p à 

Monterey, Dr, is hey ! gf sit in herb. Hook.)—W'e have 
seen but a single an ven “special N which has still smaller heads 
than C. filaginifolia : i poss or slightly aper scales of the ovals 
are pretty close y imbricated in 4 or 5 series, and. ually nto the 


al 
e 
jos ] 
© 
3 
a -— 
pod 
o> 
a 0 
- 


branaceous, obtuse, but often slightly m the 
Keiner g. The leaves of the branches are small, d etis soil: ; the Sube 
oblong ; the lowest linear ; those of the proper stem unkno 


24. DIETERIA. Nut in. trans. Amer. phil. soc. 7. p. 300. (on 


Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers numerous (10-30), in a : single 
ries, pistillate ; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the obomi or 
turbinate involucre closely imbricated for the most part in several series, 
linear, rigid, somewhat carinate, unequal, with herbaceous squarrose-spread- 
ing or recurved tips. Receptacle flat, somewhat alveolate; t ibe alveoli 


narrow, 5-toothed. Appendages of the style 

ceolate, minutely hirsute. Achenia turbinate for; often compressed, 

pubescent or silky. Pappus of numerous scabrous and rather rigid capillary 

bristles, very unequal (in 2 or 3 series) ; that of the ray similar but frequently 

shorter and less copious—Annual, biennial, or triennial Darke (n (n atives of 
se pi and ee x: 


brise, canescent or pulv erulent-pubescer 
rarely entire, usually pinnately toothed or or 
sessile. eads (often large) solitary or sev 


mose branches. Ra ays purple or violet, rarely aie. the disk-flow- EY 
OW lS. nish. ee 


8 1. Scales of the involucre imbrü 
- tips: leaves usually rigid, ee lo 
the reS dd s radica 


ear or oda 


Fs 


E 
i, » 
ae 
Aa 


100 * ; COMPOSITA. DiETERIA. 


_* Corolla of the disk very Ins not dilated at the summit : appendages of the style —— 
subulate- filiform fe RS 


EI dX sex ciiin. de. viscidty beta pee simple; heads spi- 
cate-racemose, often crowded ; leaves linear or what lanceolate, incisely 
spinulose- E. eiie 0215) Saee Nutt ! in trans. Amer. phil. 
soc. (n. ser.) 7 301. 

- Denudated ids s of the Roc cky Mountains and Oregon, Nuttall !— Stems 
about a foot high, mostly simple, E base and lower leaves minutely canes- 
cent; the upper portion, involucr , &c. viscid. Heads rather smaller than 

the following, scarcely a third of an inch in diameter, obovate or turbinate, 
disposed in a close or crowded raceme or spike. Achenia, as in the other 
species of th a narrow, canescentl y pubescent. i ery nearly allied 

to the following specie 

2. D. viscosa (Nut a pulverulently pubescent = viscid ; stems | 3 
racemosely branched or somewhat corymbose; leaves linear. P or acu ard : 
nate, incisely spinulose- ps rays 18-20) pur ne. —Nut ET 

; * ‘With the 15 e eceding, parti | ye (18 ds Blu ff on ud Platte, Nut- a 

— tall '—« Ste eli ples. often Suy viscid, ind ex — h the strong heavy tes j i. 

^ . of Aster graveolens or Gnaphalium American aves sometimes near" — . 
in or runcinate." Nutt.—Scales of thie turbinate involucre Puy 

. numerous, linear, rigid, with short squarrose-recurved tips 


qe 
3. D. ape age hosed: Serta canescent, not glandular or pe ee 


AN 


A 
onl 
a 
ye 
i 
'e 


vain edes Pol eem ; the Srne es divaricate; radical FS 
diver bow pebseisa or somewhat spatulate, strongly Bitam porc ; 73 
Tux the u lin nom pa often neatly entire ; rays (12-16) short, pale blue or 


urple.— Nut 
— Denudated plains of the Rock: ioontáins a: E common, Nuttall! 
x» cM - a foot high; ; branches — naked, with small leaves, spreading out 
d ompound car; appus fulvous or white. JNutt.— The heads 
are about tbe size of | ee apparently mete ovi obovoid or al- 
most hn with rather br oader, fewer, and less acute, perhaps less 
Tan oriant nd landular ‘or viseid) scales. The rays 
r than the disk.— T hese spocie are 
be found to pass into each other 


=F 


D. tncana: perennial? minutely canescent throughout with a very M 
i soft p ubescence ; Re stout, r nely cae branche dise branches s often. t * 
Sr d oi rs corymbose, ended by si ngle large heads ; leaves cuts 

ig ulate e, entire, or frequently with a few laciniate mucronate teet th n 
ih luere obovoid- -hemisplierica 1; the Tine ar slightly ‘glandular 
i : coh cated in numerons series, with very a p — tips; rays 
(about 30) dt sper a iolet; acheni y a VO inae 
us, bot. ! bot. mag. t. 
<b p. Tees e reg. t. 1693 ; Hock. bot. mag a 3382; DC Pee E 


A x 
tie 


bins 


s 


te 
Ciesla Dowie ! (p robably from the. interior.)— Stem stout, 1 1-2 feet 
- Wigs anpsaeity a little woody at the base the branches simple or so 

: ed, ascendi n 


Serene teeth on dh liis near the itis Heads in the | — 
out two-thirds of a in the | cultivated nearly an inch, in 
sia including the "numerous and large broadly mee rays.—: 
is is a genuine species ttall’s Dieteria, and the n es wy 
of the genus. "The late Mr. r- Dougl alon (o have iet 
specimens less 


"The cultivated s ih Mee 


— DIETERIA. COMPOSITJE. 101 


“y 
~- ted, the heads larger, the involucre more hemispherical, with narrower and, 
more squarrose scales. ie 


_* * Appendages of the style subulate or somewhat lanceolate: pappus more slender, — 


Te D. canescens (Nutt.): minutely canescent with a soft pubescence; stem 
low, ^ branched, corymbose ; leaves linear, entire ; Lu qe Low; 
age ; scales of the obovoid involucre leheeoane acute, imbricated i 
oS he slightly squares "ipe ; An ‘rs rather + lashes ends "lac. 

ult. ! phil. 


n trans. A . ser.) é p. E. Aster MsmEor ? 


ou i xs : p. Th E bienni | pit. 2 2p. 1 
er secede in denudated a ated sai soils, from p Arikarees to Fort © 


Meet on: Nuttall! (who alone has collected it.) Aue —-Oct.—Stem about a 
foot high, divari cat Mio a fastigiate at the mit, bearing numerous 
hands about as lar a Daisy. fous of he Seale rigid, canescent, 
with i arte niah ‘dpe. Cauline leaves closely sessile, 1 = 2 inches long, 
23931 2 lines wide. Appendages of the iM subulate- oe 
ipe cm Fn pes erulenta (Nutt.): ciis ae scently — stem low, - 
^. much branched from the base, the branches fastigiate, bearing few heads on 
x 4 rather naked branchlets; leaves Bc or P aceulot ate ; -— lower “Cae hole. 
M t edor spinulose-serrulate ; the uppermost entire ; i- 
spherical involucr ceolate, EM imbricated in sts vertes Rond 


at m TALI M towards eh sources of the Platte, Nuttall /—About Am ne 
arly allied to the preceding: the Pos. smaller, the TE m 


i Ee 


AU esed less imbricated, somewhat Veil. A ppen the. Ame 
subulate X CAR 


A 

$2. Scales of the hemispherical iniiai bhy E imbricated in abokt T 
series, linear, with a short appressed somewhat cartilaginous base, an 
elongated acute spreading” 5 --- tips : receptacle obscurely alveolate : 
achenia obovate, many-striate : pappus of the ray and disk nearly equal : 
leaves not rigid, pi innatifid a and b tds —Parrocunoma, Nae 


‘ D. coronopifolia (Nut): p | and somewhat viscid fu 
, scie from the base; the bra kee To ostly terminated by single (showy) 
eads al and lower leaves iplusstifid; pe the upper r pinnatifid, 
a winde. pre toothed or incised; rays (about 20) large, reddish-purple ; 
villous.— Nu/t.! l. c. Chrysopsis (Pappochroma) - coronopifolia, 


Nutt. ! in jour. gen Philad. 7 

ry naked places along streams, from the Upper Missouri and Da 
the Rocky Mountains, Mr. Wyeth ! Nuttall ! July—Aog .—Root annual or 
biennial? Stems 6-10 i nches high. “ Heads -— as large as the garden 


larigold.” Scales of the involucre with long a us very 
onmi. Appendages of the "ye subulae  Achenia large, com- 
turgid, nearly as long as he pappus when mature. = Pappas 


reddish brown, copi ious, rather rigid ; ud —-— in 3 or more unequal series. 


cu^ ET 


25. SERÍÉDCABPUS. Nees, Ast. p. 148; DC. ael. 5. ge 


Aster 8 Leucocoma, Nutt. (1834.) uw um 
| Heads 12-15-flowered ; the ray-flowers about 5, distant, pistillate; those 
e of the disk t ubular, perfect. Scales of th 

: imbricated 1 


pa 3 * m a. n 


E-i 


| obovate-oblong or turbinate-cylin- * 
obscurely 


jo -— (whitish), approdi the ye T 


~ 102 COMPOSITR. SERICOCARPUS. 


, herbaceous, often spreading or squarrose. Receptacle small, alveolate; the 


N 


` alveoli toothed or lacerate-ciliate. Rays oblong-linear; the corolla of the 


disk slightly expanded at the summit, 5-lobed; the lobes revolute, lanceolate, 
acute. - Appendages of the style (in the disk flowers) lanceolate-subulate, 
minutely hispid, longer than the stigmatic portion. Achenia obpyramidal, 
short, densely silky. Pappus simple, composed of rather. numerous and 


‘rigid unequal scabrous bristles, some of them thickened upwards.—Perennial 


(North American) herbs, corymbose at the summit; with alternate entire or 


- serrate sessile leaves. Heads in crowded corymbs, sometimes fascicled or 


glomerate. Flowers of the ray white; those of the disk pale yellow, rarely 
changing to purplish. 


- 81. Involucre about the length of the disk ; the exterior scales oblong or oval, 
closely appressed, with rigid herbaceous squarrose tips. 


S. conyzoides (Nees): s ubescent, pagus angled: leaves 


1. pu 
ciliate, glabrous beneath, veiny, D eade -nerved ; upper ones oblong ~ 
à nceolate, often e entire ; t the lowermost spatulate- ead coar md € 


rds the apex, tapering into a slender margined petiole ; involucre some- 
what turbinate ; rays rather short; papp an racio OE 'ees, Ast. p. 150; 
Darlin gt. ! Jl. Cest. p. 470 ; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 161. Conyza asteroides S, 


Linn. ! aei > p. 861; Walt.! eH P 204. Aste conyzoides, Willd. 
e+ 2 ; Pursh! fl. 9. p. 555 ; Ell. ! sk. 9. p. 341; Nutt.! gen. 
2. p. 56 (a 6. plantaginifolius) ; Bisel Jl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 311. A. Mari- 
; Holficus ir Pluk. mant.), Michz.! fl. 9. p. 108. E cae d calycibus Squar- 
.— rosis, flosculis, &c., Crono! f Virg. (ed. 1) 
à x ; prarain ds, Sebas tts! to Fahr. common. June-Aug.— 
Bs Plant 1-2 feet high. - Leaves rather firm, 1-3 inches lon Heads some- 
. times solitary and pedicellate,. but usually sessile in FO " dusters. rege 


: __ 3. S.tortifolius oo slight] 
ghtly canescent with a minute dense pubescence; 
e leaves short, spatulate-oblong. or obovate, entire, mucronulate, 1-nerved, obs 
: x ; y punctate, spreading and usually 3 both surfaces. sin 3 
AO ; . = i 


s shorter than in the S. mee neus, but always longer than the 


tus , (ta 
duy margins, ivdisin «is 3-nerved or MEhdy s veiny, ardere 


ate-sc 
Sonar ; heads (small) glomerate at the e extremity of the fastigiate pedun- < 


cles ; involucr Ecs aire A few-flowe red ; yay ae pappus wae 
149; Hooks! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 14; Dar ringt t ca 
; W. 


T illd. ! spec. 2- p. 2024 ; d H 4. 2. r 

; ; Nutt. . Ss fosa. a Michz.! 2. 

RT M a 73 Pluk. alm. t. 79, f-2. Galatella pias e Lon. 
18 


ia ON lands, Canada! and Morther States! to Alabama! and pu 1 
yh very common. July-Sept.—Plant pale ipei Lee abou 
2 feet high ; the stems Mendez. often several fous ra r rons 
caudex. Hea mold, close clusters, fe ew-flowered; the Pm of th 
aii. white, with abrupt green tips. deae much locit 


$ 2. Inelueré meaty Fare than the disk; the scales linear or narrowly- 


» less rigid and. appressed ; the tips greenish but scarcely squarroses 


x. 


x 


Ld 


S 


- 
* o. Kc 


SERICOCARPUS. COMPOSITE. | 103 


n loose compound corymbs, mostly con ipee and bibracteate ; scales of 
the eov] - aide narrowly oblong, with a x d spreading tips; 
rays longer than copious white pappus.— l.c 


t. p. 1l 
oya "bifoliata, Walt. Car. p. 204. Aster deed Micha ia 2d m 109; 
L4 sk. 


1 
"8. ‘Collins: leaves sparingly crenate-serrate.—Aster j| 
linsii, Nutt. ! in jour. ipic Philad. 7. p. 82. 

Barrens and dry pine woods, Vireinitl and North Carolina! to Florid 
and Louisiana!. 8. Florida, -— Ware! Aug.—Sept. ae about 2 fects 
high, branched above. Leaves 6-12 lines long, rigid.—Heads as + dared as in. 
B gr Ee seldom clu Werf. Flowers d the disk 10 or more. Achen 
short.—In a specimen collected in Virginia by Mr. Durand, the lower love * 
are manly crenate-serrate, and the ative entire 

- S. Oregonensis (Nutt.): nearly glabrous; leaves broadly em 4 is 

Bahr acute, entire, 1-nerved, veiny, both sides and especially the m S 
scabrous ; heads clustered in small compact corymbs ; scales of the eroien 
involucre oblong-linear, 1-nerved ; rays longer than the Pa parei " 
-achenia slender.— Nutt. / in ond. nes il. soc. (n. s er.) 7. . 
. Oregon, Nuttall '—Plant appar ie rather lar arge and s stout, somewhat 

noche e nches 


> ba: 

in the following species, about 15-flowered.  Achenia not very densely silky, 

nearly linear, yy. alf the pe of the pappus.— mde have reason to think 
that this wi pro mere Berl of the succeeding; yet the exserted fes 
k = SR a poeta character. 
SE. S. ri dus (Lidat T ao wen eid A ur ie or ob- 
eei. Obtuse, often mucronulate, e somewhat 3-ne ^ Mr 
bot surfaces very Par E^ cartes pope hea 
in small compac mbs ; scales of the turbinate 3nvolucre narcowty ob 
long or inear, 1- served ; rays shorter than the” (white) páppues achenia 
rather Slender. —Lindl.! in Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 9. p. 14, & in DC. l. c. 
Nutt. ! l. c. (8. le icone) Galatella platylepis, Nees, in Pe Arn. 

Low hills and gravelly soil, Oregon, around Fort Vane € ies g- 

las! Dr. Scouler? Nuttall! July-Aug.—Plant 1 to 2 feet high; the sim- 


Leaves an inch in length, rigid. Heads about 15-flowered, near- 

ly as large as in S. cony ides. Inner scales 9r the involucre about the 
P. inh of the disk, scarious; the exterior with somewhat squarrose greenish | 
"A Raysi inconspicuous, but perhaps always eres and fertile. Ache- “a 
nia i when mature about half the length of the pappus, not very densely Ed zh 


26. ASTER. Tourn. inst. 40; . Linn. gen. no. 954. (excl. el] 

Aster, Biotia, Tripolium, Heleusirudi & speciea, of Calimeris, DC. 
- Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers i inasi ingle series, pistillate ; ; those 
n ofthe disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the involucre more or less imbricated, 
_ ‘Usually with herbaceous or foliaceous tips. Receptacle flat, uero or 
Tarely naked. Appendages of the style (in the id iae Bose 
~Subulate, acute, rarely triangular or obtuse. Achen y com yressed. 
Pappus simple, of numerous, often unequal, airt cap e BES | 
sean! herbs, or rarely annual (Tripolium), chiefly uátives of a Y 
rica. Leaves alternate. entire. or serrate. Heads corymbose, pain 5 

: white, purple, or blue; the corolla of the E 


ee 


authorities u 


HN COMPOSITAE. ASTER: 


We are greatly indebted to several botanists apd public canines of this co 
a use of their entire collections of American Asters; and we would especi- 
edgments to tir Wm i 


- n 
we have enjoyed, our arrangem , probably the most difficult genus | 
North American botany sibough 3 M pies of much la bor , is by no means so satis- 
factory as could be dead. A h much remains to be done before our species 


escribed fr an 
ave Bubuess undergone great alterations in Ripe to say nothing of the 
strong robb occasional hybridization. A large, and indeed increasing 
number ese are only known as garden plants; iud itis probable that many 
will mea rus identified with their original types; even supposing them to have 

n derived in all i i n ert A 


‘May remark, in viscera ae we are the more inclined to act upon 


Victions, on account of th ry frequent and do disent even of v^ “highest 
n this genus 
re borate-campamidate the scales regularly imbricated in several 
titute of herbaceous tips; the exterior successively 
: receptacle actin: : rays 6-15: appendages of the style subulate- 
: Jusquelahs, recurved or diverging, minutely hispid: bristles of the pappus 
= fatkern Ag the inner series mostly. slightly: 
M" 


d, somewhat 3-angled or 


+ co sus (Ait.): slender, often flexuous, terete; leaves 
a eous, coarsely or eds ane unequally serrate with sharp 
t, conspicuously acu e, all but eed uppermost cordate and 

or E ads loosely coryni- 


he disk; the p. 207; wia spec. 3. p. 2036; 


of t 
j thickened towards the 3 


ales. o ae; 


ro 


We em dS 


hones. COMPOSIT A. po 


Pursh! fl. 1. p. 552; Ell. sk. 9. p. 365. A. i divericaten Linn. spec. € 9. p 
873? (fide herb. 2 exch Ne Gronov. & per . Eurybia corymbosa, ‘Con. 
dict. sci. n ; Nees, Ast. p. 143; Lindl.! bot. rec. t. 1532; 


Hook. ! JU Bor. -Am. 2, Y {G Darlingt. » "unt. p.469. Biotia corym- 

ced prodr. 5. p. 265. 

woodlands, Canada and eris n Ribes! to the middle country or 
iie ins of the Southern States! J ug.—Stem 1-2 feet high, gla- 
brous, or pubescent towards the summit, go re it branches into a loose (often 
somewhat aegiy) ec orymb. Leaves very thin and membranaceous, 2-4 or 5 
inches lon Eon ongly serrate with sharp and spreading rather distant and 

feos irregular p /'hich are tippe conspicuous mucronate-acuminate 


$ qo E glabrous or or spa rsely hairy Bi e, and often hairy on the midrib and 
eneath, as also the slender petioles, varying from. E a t9. 
ate- diesel e, but all except the uppermost cordate ; the upper with - 
margined. petioles the uppermost sessile anc epar serrate 
smaller than in the following species, the outer scales of the involucre 
lnoorh.: except the ciliate-pu escent margin) rounder and less rigid. Pap- 
pus tawny. Achenia nearly glabrous when mature.—Lindley cites the As- 
ter iy of Michaux as a synonym of this species, on the authority of a 
. Specimen communicated by A. Richard: but, if we mistake not, he Sea 
re of BI caper herbarium accord with the Linnæan A. cor us. 


x» a ce llus (Linn. ste stout, oe striate- dat v — RE 
pubeseen abov sere corym tA a a 

rous, Biely serrate, somewhat acum Esc ag de "e k - ‘owed! ones ce 
(large) cordate, on slender petioles; the upper sessile or on argined peti- 

oles; heads i mple corymbs; involucre nearly the length of the disk; the 
exterior OR id, decas ovate-oblong; rays (white or ari 12-15.— 
Linn.! spec. (ed. 2) 9. p. pow Ait. Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 207 ; M pee 1. 
p.114; Willd. spec. 3. p. 2037; Pursh! fl. 2. p. 552. Éorytia 

phylla, Cass. in roi sci. se rd . 487; Nees, Ast. p. 140 (excl. bes Ys 
divaric. &c.) ; Darlingt.! ft. Ct p. 465; Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 2 

Biotia macrophylla, DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 265. 

stem and leaves pediy vi - glabrous; A usually smaller. 

X Ks Schreberi, Nees, synops. p. Spreng. syst. 3. p. 535. urybia 
Schreberi, Nees! Ast t. p. 138. Bod rBchecban ri, Dc. Fhe (Varies, with 

the ee somewhat gre n on short pedicels, and the rays shorter; appa- — - 
rently + et al s Eurybia plorera; Bernh. in Nees, l. c. 

Biotin pier x b! P eS 
y. sereias r seals of the involuere p or roundish-oval ; ode 


wise a 
and ex e. cmm 


TY 


Wood ds, S — (from the Saskat 
Aug Sept —Stem 14-3 feet high, usually broa 2 orymbose; 
dees well as phe pedicels and ei i clothed oe a dm ers: rū- 

hich d X ui iei or viscid under pes often with postees 
airs interm xed; ', as also a e petioles, either s ooth or with a rough - 
pubescene 4- mg and 3-6 in widt ing 


m winged petiole. Heads mostly 
an inch ^ diameter the exterior ie ". 
= Obtuse; the innermost much larger and me er S 
i reddish. Achenia hess, “obscure sty striate, almost g at 
There are certain es of Biotia indigenous 


1 Med 
pig heen 


bia, Nes) coments 


= VOL. m.-14 


TE. 


3 


: 106 COMPOSITA. ASTER. 


48 e Scales of the involucre imbricated in several series, coriaceous, with her- 


aceous spreading or squarrose tips: receptacle alveolate: rays numerous 
asio: appendages of the style lanceolate: bristles of the pappus rigid, 
unequal, a portion of the inner more or less thickened towards the summit: 
enia narrow, angled or striate, slightly or scarcely compressed : cauline 
leaves sessile, rigid ; the radical never cordate: heads large and showy. 
a CALLIESTRUM. 
This section closely approaches Biotia — ei Radula, and Sericocarpus 


by A. gracilis: it appears to form a ve The inner bristles of the 
pappus become more rigid and more Mad re ducali above as they grow old. 


Es A. sages (Ait.): stem strict, glabrous, angled with decurrent lines, 
mbose at the summit; the branches few, nearly simple and 


Cory ne 
é naked sli slighty = escent; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 
pai 


towards the base, closely xni scabrous both sides and 
somewhat aem shar Is serrate, ‘at least in the middle; involucre cam- 
Jaco Us cec deant shorter than the disk ; the scales oblong, rather ob- 
tuse, pubescent-ciliate, appressed, = slightly spreading herbaceous tips; 
achenia glabrous, linear-oblong, many striate.— Ait. Kew. eee 1) 3. p. 210; 
Pursh, fl. 2. p. 556; Nees, Ast. p. 43; Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 7; DC.! 
prodr. 5. p. 230. 
. leaves ovate- lanceolate, or the lower ones somewhat obovate-oblong, 
acute or slightly oe -—A. nudiflorus, Nutt. gen. 2. p. 157 ; Darlingt.! 
p.4 C. 1 
oist em and low grounds, Nova Scotia (Aiton) and Newfoundland! 
Lubeck, Maine, Mr. Oakes! Near Boston and Salem, Massachusetts, 
Nuttall! Dr. Greene! Dr. Pickering! New London, Connecticut, Mr. 
Roland ! Swamps of New e » Dr. Stu uve, ex Nutt. ‘On the high 


vania, Schweinitz ! and near We: stchester, Mr. ! (the so southern 
ore iant and corresponding with A. nudiflorus, Nutt.) 
Sept.—Plant 1-3 feet high eaves numerous, 2-3 i long, early 


| i av nches n 

equal in size to the summit of the stem varying from half an inch to more 

than an inch in width, pinnately veined, "es nay or on Se ane beneath, 

often entire towards the base ; the teeth sharp an r sometimes 
o 


: rym 
long (often acutish) scales of the involucre a bri ght poda sometimes 
slightly spa t glab except the margins. Rays numerous, 


Danes cie stex very s ate slender, bearing two 
iste e ade at th the summit ; leaves broadly lanceolate, 
€ of the appre -imbri- 
| Yan 2. p. 115; Nees, Ast. 


Around lakes rd brin which flow in nto Hu ay, Michaux. La- 
ic and on | high mo Labrador, Herb. 


z aa Bs Pash, empiece 
| x’ orus: 
Plant from 4 inches to a -sized ; 


f 


€» 


ASTER. COMPOSITE. T 


the rays pale violet, disk lie een tse d scales of the pasam oblong, 
acute, nearly equalling t k.—According to Nees, who ex 

cimen in the Willdeno ovian n herbarium, the 2 stem is — antl i closely 
imbricated scales of the i long, rather acute.— a 
in the Schweinitzian herbarium d es a very await state of A. Rad 

with which it a in its pappus and narrow glabrous achenia; but the 
more membranaceous scales of h ases are much fewer in number, 
acute, ind diy equal in length 


9. A. m pes geri à rhizoma CE: stems gipo or vil- 
lous below, tom and mostly corymbose at the summit, leafy; leaves 
oblong, serrate, SENAN sihin t hairy beneath, sessile; the lowermost some- 
what spatulate, thë upper lanceolate; scales of the campanulate-hemi- 
spherical involucre canescently bm nentose, lanceolate, acute, unequal, closely 
imbricated in 3 or more series, with herbaceous spreading summits; rays 

pe numerous ; achenia AL ee many-ribbed, sparsely hir- 

—Richards.! appr. Frankl. ed. 2. p. 32, not of Nutt. As 
Ricardo Spreng. syst. 3. p. d ‘Nees, Ast. p. 30; Hook.! fi. Bor.- 
Am. 9. p. 7; DC. prodr. 5. p. 229. A. Sibiricus, Ta ! in herb. Hook. 

B. giganteus: stem large and stout, more tomentose ; leaves ample, more 
deeply and MD "e pubescent- ERA ipie h.—A. Richardsonii 
B. giga nteus, Hook. ! 


z 
S 
a 
d 
(e 


; li 
disk.—A. aara nosus ? e lin TRAP 6. p. 124. re 
IDE Nees! Ast. p. 36; DC.! l.c. A. Sibiricus, Fischer! in 
Barren ountry from lat. 64° to the Arctic Sea, Richardson! Rock 
Mountains, rige cd ! Also in Siberia (Herb. Pall. fide Richards. Y 
herb. Hook.! Tur B8. Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River, 
Ri ichardso on! " > Moteebus' s Sound, &c. Cha misso ! Capt. Beechey ! ee 


the tomentose erect 


®© 
2 


veined, either obscurely or conspicuously serrate with pointed t teeth. 
as large as in A. alpinus: the involucre, in the fally dero A broadly 

Campanulate rather than E: bendiepherical, at first about the length of the disk, 
but mostly shorter than the appus; the exterior scales successively shorter 


and more SEE the i ag with purple summits; ing ther looser 
1 and less unequal ; e — more foliaceous and lax or mene 
ate, xem. or exceeding t fain in : n pigenous 


Kee us ng, mp obtuse. Pappus copious, reddish-brown when olc 
nequal, some of the lon es series es slightly thickened atthe summit. Achenia 
attenuated, strongl striate ly.h n well-m 


entok ose state, 
a half wide, rong A. sari parse 
cig as to pubesc 


- A. conspicuus ( Lindl.) : stem stout, strict, 2 aes at the ue 
Se d erect, minutely ^ oii mostly leafle ss and bearing single heads; 
broadly serrate with ading 


leaves obl Niels cac tt acute, serrate 
* teeth, slightly b bent and scabro a us, sessile ; the lower narrowed at the 


108 COMPOSITE. ASTER. 


Yos in nvolucre hemispherical-campanulate, about the length of the disk; - 
the seal numerous, unequal, gla Vatt ie rulent, lanceolate, with acute 
herbaceous equation: Spreading tips; rays numerous; achenia linear-oblong, 
EEUU ines in Hook. jl. Bon -Am. 2. p. 7, & in prodr. 


Paice € on the Saskatchawan River (about lat. 539), to the Rocky 
Mountains, Drummond !—A stout showy species, with ample thickish veiby 
leaves (4-6 inches cad and 1-2 wide, the teeth triangular and mucronate or 
subulate-pointed), and heads fully as large as those of A. spectabilis, to 
which it bears considerable memes hs Involucre and peduncles viscid 

with a minute L0 pah ubes esc Rays „b 


R a iilis ES ): stem strict, Mit cs rlsndular qute 
ryn e summit; leaves oblong-lanceolate, scabro 
sessile, eu the Miror ones oblong, remotely appressed- rei pum 


eee ae 
cent and 


into a short margined petiole ; branches of the corymb usually short go 
igid, bearing 1-3 heads; in Madame Sw. ^ Xd comme ate, as 

the scal ry numerous, somewhat equal in length, inearallong 
and slightly spatulate, go ats pube niles. somew ae ciliate, with conspi- 


cuous herbaceous squarrose- spreading (rather obtuse) a rays virer 
(20 or De Ac inim dinem slighil y pubescent.— Ait. Kon = g 3. Es 
209; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 554; Nutt. ! gen. p. a Nees, Ast 

i3 rodr. 5. p. 2 A. grandiflorus, "Wal 
Car. p. 209. A. elegans, | illd. — 3. o [3 in part, fide Nees. A. 
— AU. . hort. Hafn. 2. p.8 e DC. 

B. flow Draghi, or peduncles, die ied slender, mostly si simple, pilose 
with slender | p as well as glandular-pubescent ; leaves lanceolate, entire 
or scarcely serrate. 
nches of the corymb few and mostly simple; leaves obovate-oblong, 

nes. ee Bs Sa Nutt. kt Eo. ES 
s? Ell.! sk. E Boi 


ee Leaves 9-4 pec uem hs 

upper ones un half an inch to an Es in Beo n a firm textu 
acute or > ohni , mucronulate, sometim securely 3 Bran nches of 
‘the cor , es E a few cen ise da or Macs (the uppermost 
ccce al p= the Coss short and rigid. Heads showy (larger 
than in A Arctos he les of the involi imbri i * 
the exterior loose, c ore or less dao a glandular-scabrous (uen 
similar t o that of Tul branches. Rays very long. tanceclagg Sige. or vio 
Eod zd Sed style lanceolate-subulate.— We 
Nut 


av ret ith no au- 
of Mr. p ya es coat pu he had a 


* E A. g is (Nutt.) : stems sever Heer the same often surculose cau- 
~ de E An ain slay pakewceut co e at Be summit ; ; leav es somewhat - 
; the 


and o ee eral -SETT 
reds on alee naked etioles ; cau 
“oblong, often e e base, slightly 


at t 
an te involucre sam onical, as 


ien 
ubescent scales imbricated in several se series, 1 
Da a © Seely pointed) spreadi 


= 


E 


* 


AsTER. COMPOSIT. X. 109 


sively pos: rays about 12; — me moderately com- 
pressed, m nutely hairy.— Nuit 
Prairies of Kentucky & Tesis: Ni all! "Pine e sf dene Jersey! 
common. Sept.—Caudex usually tuberous, producing run and offsets. 
glandu 


bearing 5 to 9 heads in a terminal corymb (the central head almost sessile, - 
bose 


the lateral on slender spreading . pes aricate peduncles) ; or with corym 
7 he 


flowering branches, each bearing ads, all but the lateral or external . 
on very hon sedicelie mad to hikes E s e hes long, Mk coriaceous, 
opaque, glabrous. € almost exac ke Sericocarpus conyzoides ! 
and about the same size; the exterior edis subepattate-oblong or linear- 
oblong, somewhat titiang Es innermost linea us. Hea 

about. 30-flowered. Rays violet; the ligules exec About the didi of sie 
involucre. Achenia pa sat aont impressed-st riate, clothed with short sparse 

irs.— Mr. Nuttall has correctly remarked the alliance of this ant to A. 
spectabilis on iho one hand (some forms of which it greatly resembles), and 


to taser conyzoides on the other: it almost connects the a genus 
with Aste E 


- A. surculosus (Michx.): stems several from the same surculose caudex, 
ater simple, minutely _pubese cent above; leaves lanceolate, elongated, 
acute, glabrous, the ma argin s — entire or with a few slight subulato 

ng peno 


teeth ; the lowermost tapering into a somewhat sheathin 

the upper ones linear, partly sheathing or clasping at the ia 

a simple corymb (so imes solitary) ; involucre turbinate-hemispherical, 
g he disk; th les numerous, jual in Jen 


most lanceolate 2 era uut rays numerous; henia inear, al- 
most glabrous.—Michz. fl. 1. p. ; Nutt.! gen. 2. p. 157; Nees, 
p.40; DC. 


< ; 
Woods, B Burke. Count ty, N. erp Michaux. Margins of open - 


swamps in e nnessee, N. Carolina! and Virginia, Nuttall. 'ilmington, 
Ca arolina, | Sept.—Rhi- 


tall ! ! Mr. Curtis “Southern States, Mr. Croom! 
: ;the summ it, pedun- 
= nt but not t glandular. Leaves eod scattered, rigid, opaque 
lower - obscurely 3-nerved), smooth and shining; the lower 4-6 inches 
long, lanceolate or sirti os armes ; the cauline successiv e reduced to 
one or two inches in length, often narrowly lanceolate- -linear ; uppermost 
confluent with the scales of the involucre. Heads as | 


e in 
len what 

(which we believe to be Michaux’ ra) approac roaches A. spec- 
“most slender forms considerably resemble the very differ- 


i 


_ 10. A. paludosus (Ait. 

near, entire, acute, int i pa tni with th margins sca reet ofa 
fringed with b bristly hairs near the base ; jene few, racemose, or terminating 
the mostly simple axillary and somewhat racemose branches; involucre he- 
aenal —— = Vom of the disk, mostly bracteolate ;- the scales nu- 
merous, somewhat leng h, pa vic f — due pemonrh.. 4 spatulate- 
linear, mucronate, so squarrose ; rays erous; achenia linear-ob- 
long, nearly glab w. (ed. 1) 3. p. 20 ; Pursh, ue e. 547; 
Eil. 2. p. 3 Horus, Nutt. ! - 2. p. Linn. 
i .p.155. Di ye atc eve: Land. ! 
paludosum, ! prodr. 5. p. 264. 


SERT a 
XE ue 
gi pM 


is 


110 COMPOSITE. ASTER. 


ine barrens and vil i from North Carolina! to Florida! Lou- 
igen! and Arkansas! Aug.-Oct.—Stems 1-2 feet high. Leaves coria- 
e 


e 
Heads np (the disk half of an ne in » diameter), Begeni 8 dis- 
somewhat racemose man short nearly naked ^a deed 
uses axill on very short abet: forming a kind of spike ; but 
the lower peduncles, or a often elongated, so as to become corym- 
bose, or branching and paniculate. Exterior scales of the involucre usually 
loose ate heacteolate, or Stan into the bracteate = es which byari the 
head, almost entirely — somewhat ciliate; the innermost with the 
tips only herbaceous, or sometimes colored. Rays (about 24 ) iy an n inch 
long, deep blue. Pappus odi rather rigid; the bristles unequal; 
arger ones gradually thickened upwards so as to appear slightly clara 
under a lens, but cely more so than in the preceding species. Achenia 
— or E lightly 4 pubescent when young, somewhat angled and strate, 
lender, scarcely compressed.—This species is, we believe, confined to the 
Serion States. Mr. Nuttall’s A. paludosus is dioses bly a form of our 
A.elodes. What can be ae ex m Northern British America mentioned 
3. Dr. Ekini under this nam 


? A. Curtisii : apis and NER stem peii "me pe 
slightly corymbose or racemose at the summit; the bra short 
bearin aring single or seg de: leaves lanceolate, sessile, —— P! 
rate, with scabrous or somewhat ciliate margins; the lowermost tapenng 


y spatulate, unequal, imbricated in about 4 series, coriaceous, with con- 
LN op uy flincouus squarrose-reflexed summits; achenia narrow, 
glabrous. 


ooth 
. few short spreading ering hives, which bear single or racemose 
; the $ed ones on short pedicels. Leaves somewhat membrana- 
apering to a very acute point, e smooth on both sides, or slight- `- 
ly seabrous next fhe margins of the u surface or near the apex, pale 
beneath, with rather prominent ralio iinlets; all but the uppermost 
conspicuously but somewhat irregularly serrate, the base and apex entire ; 
the Ee rmost (radical unknown) about 4 inches long and two thirds of an 
T; 


. aceous below, appressed; the flisosoas summits (oval or lanceolate, often 
; acuto) abruptly squarrose or recurved, sometimes equal in length to the ap- 
r Ti 
pappus slender, rather soft, the inner series very obscurely thickened up- 
ave but two specimens of this apparently € species, 
- collected We: believe in different localities, neither of which are so perfect "à 
could ot division Perhaps it belongs to the Grandiflori, bal i; iine to 


$3. Basler of the involucre imbricated in various degrees, with herbaceous or 
cs tips, or the exterior entirely herbaceous: receptacle alveolate: 
rays numerous: appendages of the style lanceolate: bristles of the pappus 
sii (soft) and nearly uniform, none of them thickened at de me 
achenia compressed.—AsTER proper. 


* 


ASTER. COMPOSITE. 111 


* Heads (large) corymbose or racemose; scales of the involucre imbricated in several 

series, rigid, with herbaceous or foliaceous summits, somewhat squarrose or phai 

ng; the innermost usually membranaceous : achenia broad, compressed, pubescent or 
hairy —Amell 


12. A. integrifolius (Nutt.): stem simple, villous-pubescent, the n 


iny; the radical and lowest cauline tapering into a mar- 

gined Mid. Me glabrous; the others clasping, somewhat pubescent or 

poni heads few (3-5); scales of the involucre loosely EN in 
, lanceolate, acute, glandular, herbaceous, somewhat u 

achenia pa each silky-hirsute.—JVutt. / in trans. Amer. phil. soc. 7a 21 


the pie e s eros and viscid ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acut 
. entire, l-n 


y Mountains in lat. 42°, growing at a lower elevation than A. andi- 
nus or A. ex Nuttall !—Plant 6-12 inches high, stout. Heads nearly 
the size of A. = to w ps spectes more closely approaches than 
to or other. Le rather coria with a stro ng midrib (not tripli- 
nerved); the Cue ride reticulated veinlets | cube onspicuous on bot 
surfaces of the older leaves; the cal 3-5 inches dem , including the peti- 
ole. Exterior scales of the in he oe =e y os by eet Te herbaceous, 
the margins not membranaceous: the innermost narr 
branaceous at the base. Rays “ bluish-purple, 15-95" Nutt.) Rage Jie: 
Pappus of unequal slightly rigid strongly scabrous bristles. Appendages of 
the =. Pu m hirsute 


glabrous: the u most Mnobolnte dilated at the b 
often acute; ped dol simple, nearly kod: tom bescent 
e involucre linear or oblong-linear, acute, pubescent, ratha equal, » 


E can hae ie a somew ee — sum —Lindl. ! 
si. 


Radi 
form appearance on both sides, often nearly linear; the lateral nerves some- 
what reticulated. Heads iere about as large as in A. Ame Hus. Achenia 

hairy, compressed. 


14. a usce stems n ascending; thè aa linear — > 


^ siena: or so mbose ; radical and lower leave ng-lin 
wly ccs pieta entire, wake * iate-scabrous ns 
tine 1 linear-lanceolate, partly clasping; scales of vege = mi 
closely im 


erous, mbricated, anogodd: nearly gla 
oblong, obtuse, the innermost acute; achenia minutely puo 3 Liu 
fl. Bor.- Am. 2. p. 8, & in DC. prodr. 5. p. 2 
- denudatus : elit oe strongly ci o ; the ees and low- 
ermost somewhat fringed towards the base; the € ll.—A. denuda- 
tus, Nutt. ! in trans. Am soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 292 


er. phil. s 
Y. ciliatifolius : stem not denuded and scapiform, pu ubescent above ; leaves 
more proportionate, distinctly i ig? of the involucre ciliate, some- 


vera m - wis > * 
smaller than in A. Amellus. Leaves rigid, the lowermost 2-4 


ane veined when old, tapering into a margined petiole, which is — 


x 
A 


112 : COMPOSITA. ASTER. 


rather strongly ciliate in var. 8. ; the margins frequently somewhat undulate 
or saeua a Involucre equalling or rather shorter than the disk, 
compose scales ute ues coely meo gees in several series, 
rather rigid, alteri. uda Te exterior shorter, almost wholly herbeca the 
inner with more acute sli ightly ieeting Nic bio us summits. ‘* Rays rose- 


m S 
smaller and anrai AY. ig sn As el uae. description of t 
ach is 


15. A. — i (Ne) stem racemose- pointe ors airy above in 
lines; the hea at corymbose ose at the summit of the 
branches ; leaves "anecolate acute, alee clasping, scabrous on 
both sides; t e peduncles small, oblong, UE scales of the 
broadly obere involutie closely i itmbritated, oblong, with obtuse spatu- 
late herbaceous summits; achenia pubese ccenthirste ‘when young. Nees, 

; DC. pn 45. A. Radula, Less. in Linnea, 6. p. 125. 

B. om scarcely oe except near the margins of the upper surface 
the cauline manoal towards the base, partly clasping.—A. spect rabilis 
Hi Arn. ! bot siie a p. 146. 

Cali ornia, near B. Monterey, California, Capt. Bee desit 


rently. m 

A. Amellus; the Mebopcet tips of the involucral scales are loose of 
somewhat ARA sa slight membranaceous margin, eee cili- 
e innermost about the length of the disk, rather 
k 


= 


en ; th 
acute. oun Schon a compressed, clothed with a somewhat silky pu- 
bescence. 


* * Heads (large) subglobose, = the leafy branches : scales of the involucre 


(rather few aud large), som „į or 4 series, folia- 
ceous, except the base, and riy sinita to te onal) ED a ion usualy 
silky, sessile and entire mucronate leaves, both sides of which are — in appear- 


ance: achenia glabrous, angled or compressed, many ribbed.—Seri 


| (Vent.) : stems slender, numerous from the same root, 
hed; leaves silvery-canescent on both sides with a 
silk pubescence, lanceolate = e eg ng, closely sessile, mu- 
urely 3-nerved ; heads mostl tary terminating the short 
o the 


eav 
silve , Squartose-apreading. the coriaceous base ap died achenia many- 
sive abrous.— Ve m 


re 
nt. hort dein t. 33; Pursh! fl. Ss 548; Nutt./ 
Dm dg 155; eve Ast. p.51; DC! prodr. 5. p. 233. A. argenteus, 


4 2. 
B. leav: pne of the involucre rather narrowly lanceolate, less sil- 
er SEa montanus, Nutt. / gen. l.c. 
«ranes and dr ks of rive vers, nearly c confined to the valley of the 
ppi and its tributaries: Arkansas! Mississippi! Missouri! Illinois? 
tow N, uN. W. Territory t Trine nd N. Carolina near the moun- 
lade a P (var. 8.) Schweinitz! Aug.-Oct.—Plant 10-20 inches high 


Ct. 
e shrubby at the base b eoe in Europe), very 
cues the dense nacly silv ari-cabescuat leaves laf a2 er bigs E 


a 


ASTER. COMPOSITAE. 113 


crowded on the branches; the radical ones sp ames s — about 3 
inches longillistincily 3-nerved. Heads showy, but variable Rays 
20-25, half an inch or more in ape deep acu are pases eg 
compressed when mature. Pappus tawny, equal. 


17. A. phyllolepis : stems slender, loosely perdere leaves erect, lanceo- 
late, closely M CUR mucronulate, somewhat hairy or canescent when young; 


iry 
thine of the branches crowded, ovate-lanceolate acuminate-cuspidate, ap- 
pressed, ciliate w oa long spreading hairs; heads mostly solitary terminating 
l loosel 


the branchlets ; scales of the involucre ‘similar e the upper leaves, 
i pt 


u 
S, 
PD ously Exerc eie cronate, nearly eti in len th; achenia linear, 
angled, striate or ribbed, glabrous.—A, sericeus B. microphyllus, DC. l. c.? 
1 D » SET.) 


hairy branches. Lea riaceous, pale, scabrous, somewhat 3-nerved, 

obscurely tetiendaced. “pada ees in size from an inch or more to 4-5 

or 6 lines in length; the upper ones more crowded, d wat reticulated, d 

conspicuously ciliate with lon Miieslld. hire which are, however, so 

what deciduous. Scales of the hemispherical involucre oval or is or the 
th E. 


ermost lanceolate, few, as long as d s Heads as lar: nthe ` 


Apn HIES 
preceding, or sometimes smaller. Rays about 25, siongawa. purples da 
nia scarcely compressed. Pappus nearly equi d reddish-bro 


* * + Heads (middle-sized) racemose ; scales of the turbinate or obovoid involucre im- 
— in several series, rather rigid, silky, the exterior successively shorter, all with 
short herbaceous tips: corolla of the disk as eey as the (12-15) rays purple or violet : 
achenia silky-villous: leaves small, lanceolate or oblong, entire, closely sessile, pale, 
when young canescent, = tha same color and si both sides—Concolores. 


or sometimes nearly Ap when ol ges upper on s acumina 
ves appressed; heads in a simple or compound v vir i raceme ; eon aa 
le, | a 


—Linn.! spec. (ed. 2) 2. ; Wal 9; (AP 
111; Willd. spec. 3. p. 2029; Pursh! fl. 2. p- 443; "Nalt ! gen 2. p. 15; 
Ell.! sk.9. p. 350; Nees, Ast. p. 115; DC.? prodr. 5. p. 243. oe caule 
simplicissimo, &c. Gronov.! fl. Virg. ‘ed. 9. p. 123. AL folis lanceolatis 
sessilibus alternis, &c. Gronov. ! L. c. p. 125. i 
Dry rins soils, and in pine barrens, New Jersey ! to Florida! and Louis- 
iana! Aug.-Nov.—Plant 1-3 feet high, = Del EM the habit of a Lia- 
tris, sometimes with a tuberous root, often. simple or branched ey towards 


= base, and bearing the heads in a long e m raceme, on short (erect or 
urved) peduncles, which are furnished with Ns "broctliko sees 
fequenty pestis above and bearing several s 
es solitary hea; Leaver 1-3 nerved, often aie reticulated, fiber 
rigid, grayish; S lower about an v long, and partly rene: upper 
Successively reduced in size, oval o anceolate, mucronate O 
app ish. 


19. - veces e — as well as the stem, canescent with a 
scabrou 


7 


Dres 


114 COMPOSIT E. ASTER. 


base; the lowermost oblong-spatulate ; the upper wince ee all strong- 
rved. bra 


ly 1-ne Peduncles or branches several, simple, or sometimes forked, 
ee “ton mature E achénie canescent. Pappus rusty.—We have 
only seen the single specimen in Sir ooker’s fere. we doubt 


if it Pei so nearly allied to A. concolor as is is supposed. 


* + * * Heads (middle-sized, large for the size of the leaves) solitary terminating the 


numerous diffuse branchlets s: scales of the obovoid-turbinate involucre closely im- 
bricated in several series (the exterior successi ively "gend coriaceous, spatulate-linear, 
with short herbaceous slightly squarrose or spreading tips: achenia short, turbinate, 


minutely canescent : leaves crowded throu, chout the md stem and branches, very 
short and uniform (except the very lowest), thick, hispid-scabrous, ovate-oblong or 
lanceolate, either appressed or squarrose-reflexed. Pructiyphytii 


20. A. squarrosus (Walt.) : md minutely hispid, diffusely branched; 
d inse Short, somewhat paniculate or racemose ; leaves mea? 

e or oblong, mucronulate, squarese reflexed.— Walt.! Car. 5 9; 

ffl. 1. p. 112; Willd.! spec p b e Pur, JE 1. STI 

El / sk. 2. p. 530; Nees, Ast, g: 115; De. f 

soi ! 


2. 

&5 
`~ 

pad 


ns. 
ameter; the scales he es lent, coriaceous ra viste: except 
oval mucronulate < peered foliaceous tips. Rays. ei iocis Lae 
large showy, bright blue. Pappus brownish when 


utt.) : paesi, hispid-scabrous oy ascending 


. A. adn (N 
stems and branches virgate ; leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong, 1 ne 
e to 


s than in A. sq 
ry lowest, which are about rse of an inch long, 
ahd nearly or quite free. Rays ‘pale lilac’ (Nutt.), or rather violet-blue. . 


od 


0 0* * * * 5 Heads (rather € mostly solitary terminating the spreadi 


ng bra ae : 
scales of the olovoid-turbinate or somewhat campanulate involucre closely imbricated 


Ma Eu i daring Ii aem, entire, pubescent or scabrous ; those f 
the branchlets very small. — Paten 


. 82. A. patens. (Ait.) : stem pubescent ; niculate at the summit ;. leaves 
ovate-oblong or obl t ri 


| i blong-lanceolate, pu! or scabrous, with ciliate and 
Ned rera aes undulate or almost tain m r n d 

middle, ee and clasping ; those of the spread- 
inr or d ping 


slender branchlets ts very small; heads mostly solitary on 
the branchlets; scales of the involucre lanceolate, scabrous-puberulent ; 


Aster. COMPOSITE. 115 


achenia silky fena Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 201; Pursh! fl. 2. p. 551; Nees, 
Ast. p. 49 (excl. syn. Michz.) ; Darlingt. ! fi. Cest. p. 463 ; Ppc. ! prodr. 
9. p. 232. A. miene Linn. ! spec. ed. 2. p. 1928, & herb. (not of hort: 
Chff.!); Ell.! sk. 2. p. 361. A. amplexicaulis, Michz.! fl. 2. p. 114; 
£ 


3 
B. gracilis : heads ME. terminating the very numerous and elongated 
bran ^ ose very small, rigid, scabrous.—Hook.! compan. to bot. 
mag. 1 
Piualeshesbnds: = large, Berat: xe ete ic^ branchlets; the 
Milos of the more turbinate involuc e very numerous and more closely i im- 
bricated (in 5—6 series), somewhat TUE py pares broader and more 
obtuse; leaves -— hirsute-scabrous.—A. pone Lindl. ! in DC. l. c. 
A. Amott tii, Nees! in herb. Arn. & her 

phlogifolius : i imple or paniculate = the summit; the heads 


(ara) solitary, or frequently several and somewh ite go on the short 

e more lax and he neater abel in series) ; 
cem much larger, mbranaceous, pubescent be cont scarcel 
at all scabrous, Bi noeolate or oblong-lanceolate, tapering to an acute 
point, Garda contracted belo ? the middle.— Nees, Ast. l. e. (excl. syn. 
Michz.); Darlingt.! fl. Cest. lec. A. peat Mull. ! in Willd. spec. 


3. p. 2034 ; Pursh! ft i p. "io: Nuit.! gen. 2. p. 156; DC.! l. c. 
A. auritus, Lindl. i E 
Dry soil, a cheat i: Florida ! and Louisiana! ia M abama, Dr. 
Gates ! Louisiana and Texas, Drummond! y. Kentucky! and Missouri! to 
est 


exterior shorter and -more hes Pappus ferruginous or tawny.—The 
scales of the involucre in var. y. are more numerous and imbricated ; and in 
the plant of Drummond fro mA Louis (A. Arnottii, Nees. ined.) they are 
ore nd siitriabiy appressed : other specimens of this 

indl. in her ? i 


y A: 
S strongly disposed to consider it a distinct spe- 
ies; but are now convinced le the examination of numerous intermediate 
frins, that it is a state which the plant assumes in shady moist places. . 


cS 3.5 © Beads e showy) paniculate or somewhat racemose; scales of 

the turbinate or volucre closely and regularly imbricated in several series 
(the exterior Mike deat, ds chartaceous and white (except the midnerve), with 

very short appressed or slightly spreading green tips: rays bright blue: achenia very 
smooth and glabrous (or sometimes minuteli pubescent with sparse hairs), broadish, 
compressed, 2-5-ribbed or nerved: plant perfectly smooth and glabrous (except the 

branchlets and the scabrous margins ch the ses) ar glaucous: cauline leaves 
lanceolate or oblong-ovate, thickish, sessile or clasping, entire or sparingly serrate ; 
the radical ovate or oblong (small), tapering into a short and ——— 
petiole —Concinni, Nees, (excl. spec.) 


116 = COMPOSITE. Aster. d 


23. A. levis (Linn.): very smooth, often glaucous; stem loosely panicu- 
late or somewhat pest coser at the summit; leaves lanceolate, ovate-lanceo- 
late, or oblong, aceous, very smooth, with scabrous margins, entire or 
spari 


margined petiole; the upper fey aed and mostly so nim auriculate or 

cordate at the base ; ; those of the branches very small; scales of the obovoid 

involucre closely imbricated, one sed, rigid, aite or broadly linear, 

with short abruptly acute or acuminate herbaceous tips; — — 
u . p. 87 


Ait. Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 206; Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1500; p; A ! fl. Cest. 
p.468. A. € up agent mutabilis, ropa, rubricaulis, & cyaneus, 
Nees, Ast. p. 1 ; DC. prodr. 5. p. 245 & 246. A. rubricaulis, Lam. . 
dict. 1. p. i. se prata Ml ! in Spec spec. 3. p. 2046. A 
Soe ages niana suppl. 1 

B. more glaucous; upper le eaves condat-elasping hors A, cyanea or 


E a : pend = a voluc cyaneu 
Hoffm. phytogr. bl. p. 71, t. B. PE ap e "f. 2 . p. 5 iacens l. c.i 
Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1495. i nee & A. politus, Nees, codes p.93. A. 


E d Hort. Monsp. 

- leaves Aroi aem lanceolate or linear-lanceolate.—A. levigatus, Willd. 
ips 3. p. 2 

orders oF woodlands and thickets, Canada! to Georgia! Missouri! and 
eki n! common. Aug.-Oct.—A beautiful species, readily recog- 
nized {notwithstanding some diversities in the. roa and the size of the 
— oyi its polished “and set r less glaucous stem ed leaves tthe former 
2-3 feet high, often purple); the somewhat coriaceous regularly imbricated 
and und scales of the Ehe which ar are white (slightly uae with 

siz 


on. ec 
make nothi the characters derived by Nees n the alveoli of the re- 
ceptacle, ze ds di naked, ciliolate, or siu . The radical leaves are 
ovate, oval, or spatulate-oblon ng, serrate, siege petioles which are re usually 
iliate a : 


e , or numerous; the 
leaves gradually reduced to short lanceolate ‘bracts. 


UE ci iie (Ell.) : T smooth; stem strict; the: branches few and 
virgate, racemose 


at the summit; leaves linear-lanceolate entire, with sca- 
Ens or ciliolate-serrulate : partly clasping; those of dio pisie 


merous, "ote ct, subulate-acuminate ; dic lowermost tapet- 
ing at the base; the radical M poter dii mia of the somewhat hemi- 


1erical involucre lanceolate, acumina rior loose or slightly squat- 
rose-spreading ; scene paon. — Ell. 1 T 353. 
B. stem stout; the vi pound; ; heads - 


diu lower cauline leaves oblong-lanceolat 
ms s r, often simple; cauline leaves elongated linear-lanceolate, 
ince strongly atilsio scale .—A. attenuatus, Lindl. ! in 

Hook. compan. to bot. mag. 1. p. 97. 
Western — of Georgia, Elliott! 8. Georgia, Dr. Boykin! y. Jack- 


W 


pe COMPOSITE. 117 


— Louisiana, Drummond ! Western Louisiana, Dr. Hale! Sept.- 

Oct.—Resembles ocanidenibi the narrow leaved forvos of A. levis; but is 

sort amm my by the virgate bran rc a racemose ——— the — 
t 


m es 

acute or acuminate. Lower leaves 3 to 5 or 6 inches long, 3 to 4 (or in f. 
5-10) lines wd shining above, coriaceous. The plant of Elliott is inter- 
mediate between our specimens from oykin (which has shorter a 
broader erol leaves, the lower occasionally serrulate) and those of A. 
attenuatus, Lindl. Drummond’s specimens are rem — — et 
about 2 feet high. In those from Dr. Hale, the ma of the leav 

still more e strongly serrulate-scabrous, or the upper pe. even minutely diu 
hispid, and the heads are more obconical. Rays apparently deep blue. 


25. A. [rum (Willd.): stem — glabrous, somewhat corymbose, < 

i-i nches virgate, dichotomous-paniculate; leaves lanceolate, 
artly c end remotely and sha aros. serrate, with sca abrous mar. those 
of the branchlets oblong, entire; scales of the volums linear, acute, gra 
oin ted. Nees.— Willd. enum. 2. p. die ps ces, “Git [y j rm 
ot. reg. t. 1619; DC. prodr. 5. p. 245 (excl. syn. Colla, hort. £& 
Hook. -Am 3? A. Keta s? Ell! s : 
ar srg strict and racemose, with omar a more » numerous 

haven. "Nee 

North rie bee Willdenow. (ln fields and woods, New York & Penn- 
he Pursh.) N. Carolina, meinem (in herb. as hes p 

ead! (in herb. acad. Philad.) Saskatchawan, Dru «orar 


an t 
an imate bpe n) appears to be the same as the cultivated A. concin- 
nus: the upper cauline leaves are linear-lanceolate, and those of the numer- 
ous vine branc ae narrowly linear; the heads rather smaller than in 
most forms of A. levis; and the young achenia € — puberulent. 
p apante; but in its 


[o eid B., Nees ; and the eaves of c» reine ers rather slen- 
der and narrowly linear. The rays are blue, and ua flowers of the disk 
change to purple.— We know not from vemm source the original A. concin- 
nus was derived. Willdenow compares the leaves with those of Phlox 
maculata; and the stem is said to be one bed a half to two feet high. 


urbinellus d: ndl.) : stem and slender paniculate ranches s 
ree eni puberulent-scabrous; leaves" lanceolate, smooth, entire, with cili- 
olate-scabrous margins, tapering to each end, Acide. slightly clasping; those 
of the filiform ginem ec subulate ; in involucre clavate-turbinate, as long as 
the ; the scales imbricated in numerous series, linear, obtuse, recul 
herbaceous mel: at the tips; achenia minutely pu berulent-scabrous (und: 
).—Lindl.) in Hook. compan. to bot. mag. 1. p. 98, & in DC. posed 
, Missouri, Drummond! Louisiana, Dr. Leavenworth !—Stem 
apparently 5 2-3 feet highs hek very much branched in a co panicu- 
late manner; the branchlets Sova numerous, € very sle racemose or 
Sightly paniculate, terminat: middle-sized heads. Deed leaves about 
or nches long, rather opaque, pale, sparingly reticulate-veined, or ob- l 
xA ES ed, tapering to point, the margin upwardly almost 


118 COMPOSITE. ASTER. 


serrulate-scabrous; those of the branches and branchlets gadur) reduced 
to subulate bracts resembling the exterior scales of the involucre. Rays 
Disk about we 


n e e 

f the involucre.—4À very distinct species, remarkable for its exactly 
cS involucre (5-6 lines long), which is very acute at the base, owin 
to the short exterior scales: these are coriaceous and white, with very short 
greenish tips. 


ept ete + Heads ERES or small) paniculate « or racemose : scales of the 
obovoid or campanulate involucre imbricated in several series (the exterior successively 
shorter), commonly appressed, ae ei or somewhat membranaceous, with short 
green tips: achenia i deine or r slightly pubescent : c and lowest cauline ere" 
(large) cordate, with el f. 3 the upper often pet 
Heterophylli, Nees. 


t Leaves entire, undulate, or slightly serrate: heads loosely paniculate or race- 
mose: rays usually bright blue or violet. 


. A. azureus (Lindl.): stem somewhat scabrous, racemose-compound 
at de summit; the branches slender and rigid ; leaves scabrous ; the radical 


and lo cauline ovate-lanceolate = Sekt long, cordate, somewhat 
serrate, on lon ked gined) often hairy petioles; the others lan- 
late or linear, gun at eos end, kie mostly entire; those t 

"Osee Ber branches subulate, mostly very numerous and appressed; in- 
voluere broadly CM. Sei the length of the disk; the scales closely 
imbricated, narrowly-oblong or linear, "aie acute ; vig epe T 
very sli htly and sparsely ah "eeu dl. ! in Hook. compan 

p. 98, jo RC Y y 5. p. 2 A. Didien, del! d 


= rth! ri, nd Makato ae p buy 
of St. Peter xc Mr. Nicoll let! t io Ohio, Dr. Riddell! Dr. t Dr, 
Van Cleve! and Fort ean Michigan, Dr. for Also dere 


rum aring as > 
rubricaulis and A. multi floras,” Lindl., who described from imperfect ae! 
cimens, wanting the lower leaves), manifestly connecting this group hc: 
the foregoing, wi with which it ens rte ga in its involuc re &c., remarka e 
; lowe 


those of uced to short subulate inflorescence 
y consists of a few racemose rigid (although slender) branches, some" 
what te at the summit of the stem specimens 
ine Dr. Leavenworth, the stem is mu c - nd, gid 
: nches often more than a = in length ; a aoe ese, : 


28. A. ; Shori (i (H ak xm See nearly glabrous, racemose-pant 

^ late at the summit ; oh at deni atu: Mose, autel 
pubescent be pt vue duci ci tapering to a sharp point ; 
the radical and eauline ones s all more or less cordate and on naked (some 


a 


ASTER. COMEQSIT E. 119 


what hairy) petioles, entire or aliy serrate, e veins loosely reticulated 
beneath ; those of the us eese pu re and sessile ; heads 
numerous ies rather crowded; involucre idein e, shorter than the 
disk; the scales closely bagaid, lanccolate incar m o tuse; ache- 

nia t glabrous ——Hook. ! (§ Lindl. !) fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 9 (note); Riddell! 
c 


nops 

Cliffs and banks of streams, throughout gebe Dr. Short! Sc. an 

hio o, Dr. Riddell! Mr. Sullivant! Dr. ck! &e. Mountaiiia "4 “f 
reorgia, Mr. Buckley! Arkansas, Nuttall ! d v" feels —A — Lp 
cies (deservedly dedicated to the well-known botanist who has eatly 
contributed to our knowledge of the plants of the Western States), 2 to 4 feet 
high, remarkable for its lanceolate-cordate, petioled, often slightly falcate, 
ather m ch v. 3 to 5 inches in len 


os 


e and somewhat shining above, pale and puberulent Abe babes ks if 

at all scabrous) benedi: the lower ones often serrate or too ards the 
base; those of the branches ig or oblong, of the ultimate ch or 
peduncles minute and subulate. Heads showy (usually larger than in A. 
undulatus), racemose at bea nudi of the stem or on the € Ru 
often forming a thyrsu Scales of the €: _ appressed, minutely 
org c disc ii: oblo ong green tips. Rays violet- os, lanceolate : 
disk = w, changing to purple. Pappus eder i or tawny. 


- A. undulatus (Linn., Ait.): pale with a close and cinereous often 
Pci pakeken ; stem paniculate or S at the summit ; 
leaves ovate or ovate-lan gen somewhat tomentose-pubescent benea 
scabrous above, acute, w uan s Re ten undulate or "s eue 

e 


E 


oles, w 

Tuptly contracted into a short broadly winged clasping petiolo: thi upper- 
most cordate-clasping ; those of ibo branchlets lanceolate or subulate; invo- 
luere obovoid, nearly the length of the disk ; the scales linear, mostly acute, 
pubescent, closely imbricated; achenia s slightly pubescent, or at length gla- 
pua if. p. 8 


inn. hort. Cli 408, & spec. (ed AE p 751 (not of ed. TH 

Ait. Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 206; “Hoffm. phytogr. bl. p faa 
ursh, 51; Nees, Ast. p. 57; Darlingt.! ES Cest. p. 464. 

a nein. Miche. ! 113; Ell.! sk. igel.! ft. Bost. 


r 
: P- 312; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 234. A. nea. Nutt.! gen. 2. p. 
166, =, of Ait. A. sagittifolius & A. scaber, Ell./ l. c. > patens, Bart. 
ompe J ast. p.557. AK. 


A 113. A. heterophyllus y. Nees, p.55? A 

anteni is & A. heteromallus, Wender. ? ex Nees vary in 

e, from 3 or 4 c asi in shape from broadly ovate to oe l «e 
late, the radical often the primordial roundish; and in 


emg sometimes minutely m end = se eae on both gidip, id. Te 
quently scabrous beneath as well as 
-Stem strict ; panicle simple the Beds rather larger; cauline leaves 
elongated oblong or lan 
Dry woodlands, duy ee the United Stat B. Kentucky, Dr. 
! Se t.-Oct.—Ster 1-3 feet high, often Heong ; the orar be iel 
rather rigid, with very small (often subulate) leaves. Radi 
| ike the upper, mere 


and lower leaves rem y cre or serrate, or, l erely un- 
dulat middle-sized, loosely disposed on the in a some- 
What racemose manner, often unilateral, all Seema or rad somewhat 
cedi Scales of the involucre nearly membranaceous, wi gue or 
what lanceolate green tips, acute or pss ciliate: esi pale vio- 
lobis : disk omm turning purple. Pappus ee UT y or brown- 
ish.—'That the var. 3. is merely a peculiar state of this be 


= na connecting Me ahh The original A. undulatus (Linn. hort | Cli quf.) ) 
not A. patens, but we believe belongs to this species, 


K: 


P d 


120 COMPOSITE. ASTER. 


case retain the name, as it is employed i in the Hu Row where the 
two species are first distinguished, anterior to Michau 


30. A. asperulus : somewhat scabrous-pubescent; stem simple, racemose- 
putos at the summit; leaves s xg ad and slightly serrate ; re radical 
ane ate, obtuse, mostly subcordate, on slender naked or margined peti- 

; the cauline oblong or spatu «e we at the base, or the pst west on 
pene petioles, not dilated at the insertion, those of the ade minute, 
scattered; heads (small) loosely paniculate; scales of the what he 
spherical involucre o oblong, san closely imbricated, Epoke we the disk ; 
achenia very minutely pubesc 

New Orleans, poA way r dori Mec a '— Plant 1-2 feet high, pale 
with a close somewhat scabrous pubescence. Radical and lowest cauline 
leaves obtuse or slightly cordate at the fiis on slender petioles; the others 
sessile, 1 to 3 inches long, mostly acute, somewhat ser rrate ivit the apex, 


dilated at the Heads nearly as large as in A. undulatus; the scales of 
the involucre isa pir pubescent, appressed, with rhomboid green tips. 
Rays blue or purple? 


t + Lower leaves conspicuously serrate: heads usually small, racemose or some- 
w yrsoid: rays commonly pale blue 


31. A. cordifolius (Linn.) : stem often flexuous below, racemose-panicu- 
late at the summit; leaves glabrous, or often hairy beneath and slightly 
scabrous above; the mdi al and lower cauline cordate, SR dec aeo 
mo on slender naked or margined and ciliate poe ; the 
ovate or la upset sessile or with short margined petioles, dien ie 
erous or som 


mde dtm H Ait. 
heterophyllus, Wi lid. enum. 2+ p. 882. A. cordiiolius, stop & pa- 
niculatus he Nees, Ai ra 52 & 55; Lindl.! in herb. DC. Hook., 
& herb. Torr. ; odr. - 233. A. pubescens, Hornem. hort. Hafn. 
= L . 98, fide Ns A latifolius autumnalis, Cornut. Canad. p. 64, 
(Varies, with the stem glabrous, or A ubescent in lines above, or 
see Greg ; the leaves broadly or narrowly ovate, either glabrous 
t, somewhat scabrous — or hairy beneath; the branches of 
red. 


argined 
inches long; those of the sx toed small and frequently 
entire, reduced on on the al timate branchlets or peduncles to subulate bracts- 
Heads small, usu usually = rather short spread- 
ing or divaricate branches; the distinct ide. also spreading. Scales of 
the involucre whitish, with green rather ne tips, often purple at the apex, 


reas are smaller than in an f the : involucre 

" Hal »y pre voce the appressed involu 
ea in A. Shortii (except t that it is much small e and ds ps. scales are 
pped A MN ) ts. We meet, however, with occasional speci- 
from the Weste which, in their rather looser Sedan scales 


ASTER. 2 COMPOSITE. 121 


more up n poche Perhaps the A. paniculatus, Ait. was founded upon 
a plant of this kind. The A. eis quet * the Northern and Middle States 
is a very uniform and well-marked s spog 


32. A. sagittifolius (Willd.): stem Riet, A racemose-compound 
bove; the branches ascending, rigid; leaves ovate-lanceolate, somewhat 
liai piboscén t or nearly glabrous, serrate, aftenuide deme the ra- 


narrowly margined emp the others narrowed into a winged petiole ; the 
uppermost lanceolate or nearly rege — oe each end, sessile, often 
entire; heads numerous, in strict and den und racemes, on 
short peduncles; scales of the csiuaatcaee Neri ti Haand ur 
pressed at the base, rather loose above; achenia glabroug.— Wi rus spec. 3. 
p. 2035? tc ib p 56? (Lindl.! in ae HD nee Bor.- 
Am. 2. p. 9; DC. l.c.? dq of Ell.) Ap pane Muhl. ! herb. Lit 
least in part); Ell. sk. 2. p. 365; Da rlingt. ! Leo t. p. 464; not of Ni 
nor of Nees, $c. A. urophyllus, Lindl. in D -7 
B. heads less crowded on the rigid br d ; sis of the involucre lan- 
ceolate-subulate, or lanceolate with acute or acuminate tips; cauline leaves 
Varying from ovate to ovate-lanceolate) often iua us Eee a 
(Varies, with the leaves, as well as the upper part of the 
glabrous, or scabrous-pubescent, or with the lower X does pie: tomentose.) 
Woodlands and low rich soil, eren — uron, Dr. Todd! and 
Montreal, Mr. Cleghorn ! ik herb. Hook.) and on St. Peter’s River, Mr. 
Nicollet! Western New York, Dr. Seu well ! ui Pennsylvania! t to Georgia! 
and Missouri! 9. Western States, from Ohio! and India o Wisconsin! 
e sx Seely River! Aug.—Oct.—Stem 2-4 feet hi fake iind above ; 
ose (pubescent) E ni rather erect. Leaves 
itty ciliate jew radical on ore or less cordate, or cordate-sagittate at 


haps be safe to retain the name, which. e not inappro 


ill per 
Spe ied ga the e radical leaves. It passes pest y gelo our t os B- 3 


p rger and more sc ds, a 
E B x Y presents a eal r scales, which, 1 ever, always Shave slender 
polled diii ce ; and amg pom are sometimes E blue: they are, as it 
were, intermediate between A. EE A. co. us, and A. undulatus; 
but probably do not pass into the two latt 


33. A. 1.) : st d lower surface of — leaves can- 
Drummondii (Lindl.) : stem an dag 
above, on 


margined petioles; the uppermost ovate-lan 
Strict and mostl 


lanceola sessile ; 
yy dense doyreid tac racemes paniculate at the summit of "e 


VOL. IL-l pe 
yon 


om 


_ crowded and few-leaved; 


ER S COMPOSITA. poe 


stem ; vn of the etd subulate-linear; achenia minutely preme: 
—Lindl.! n Hook. to bot. mag. 1. p. 97, & in DC. prodr. 5. p. 934. 
is Missouri an also Te exas, Drummond ! Western Louisiana, 

ee ale !—Plant intermediate in its characters between 

A. undulatus, cordifoliue d se Luigi resembling some states of the 
former in its pube ege the second somewhat in its petioled i mostly 
p pueda leaves, an e latte bin ni cence; but apparently dis- 
nct from either. Stem strict, and rather stout, eS tly 1 to 3 feet high, 

ss old less canescent and more scabro Leaves serrate with appressed 
teeth, appearing somewhat crenate, valve m hanced the ue er ones 2 to 4 
inches long, on narrowly margined petioles 1-3 inches in leng eads as 
large as in fo preceding, often med eiea nd glome aai or crowded on 
T ps ee: Involucre pubence Rays s blue ; the disk turning purple. 
i endise the t o following speri ies (known to us only by the 


resemblance to this and the preceding spec 


- A. urophyllus ER — racemose- ates the branches thyr- 
sid; leaves iccirco much sey lcm sharply crenate-serrate, 

scabrous e, the wa surface hairy ; scales of the imbricated in- 
voluere subulate, Lindi. in DC. prodr. 5. p. 2 3. 

Louisiana.—Species near A. hirtellus. Rays white, longer than the 
Aee; the disk purple. Lindl.—Is it not A. sagittifolius, without the ii 
dical leaves ? No information is given — the source from which the 
specimens of this and the following were derived. 


35. A. hirtellus (Lindl. ): stem racemose- Legem the racemose branches 
vate ate-serrate in the middle, 
very pron above, the adis surface iae $ aia i loosely imbricsiede 
p. 233. 


Lindl. in 3 C. prodr 5. 
EE erhaps lilac-color; the disk purple. Lindl.— 
have from Western Gas (collect avenw Re 
perfect specimens, which ma ips be referred to this species, if ind 
mer not rather a more glabrous and attenuated state rummondii, 
ate racemes: the tall and slender stem is nearly glabrous; 


» more ess cordate, on distinct margined petioles, strigose- 
scabrous above, pubescent beneath. 


36. A. Lindleyanus: stem stout, glabrous, or pubescent in lines, corym- 
bose-paniculate above ; leaves (thickish) mostly sm mooth and gla brous, ovate, 
sharply and unequally serrate ; the radical and lowest cauline usually some- 
what cordate, on broadly d petioles ; ; the uppermost oblong lanceo- 
late, narrowed at the base, sessile; heads loosely-paniculate or somewhat 
corym ; scales of the deis linear-lanceolate, acute, somewhat un- 
equal, r: loosely imbricated ; 1:52 > 2 gayle almost PT —A. 

) Hoo 


: at deciduous Pe, 
I more Seni leaves Spir ae radical and lower 


Bor.- Am. 2. t 9, S orat W d petiole.—A. precox, Lindl.! in Hook. f 


anid? and on the Red or Assiniboin River, Doug- 
las! to Slave | Lake, Richardson! 8. Rocky Mountains (probably about 
lat. E ! y. Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River, Richard- 
son ! AEI to 4 feet high, when perrin in low fertile soils on the 
er, according to Douglas (in herb. Hook.) ; the Ac Mu 
inches h. Leaves thickish or somewhat fles. 
y acute or acuminate, serrate with small and ian 


ASTER. COMPOSIT 2. : 193 


often truncate at the bids, on rather long margined or semi e part Ü sheath 
ing petioles, which when young are usually ciliate with soft ,b 
wards naked: upper cauline leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong, ie or 
acuminate at each end. lower branches erect, often nearly simple, and 
corymbose at the summit, leafy € * the divisions. Heads arger than in 
A. cx eem or sagittifolius : rays about 20, blue or violet; the disk chang- 
ing to purple. Scales of the inv Since rather few, with slen der linear-lan- 
ceolate | green tips—To this apparently well-m hae and exclusively northern 
species also refer the specimens of which are cited under 
A. sagittis in Hooker’s Flora; ‘ibe: ‘like. others from Saskatcha- 
wan, are larger than = Aretie plant, and with more numerous € rather 
smaller heads, but there is no other difference. Tá the latter, even the radi- 
cal leaves are but slightly cordate or truncate at the base, and some of them 
— — into the petiole; so that we find no adequate e distinction be- 
tween them and the A. przcox, Lindl. in Hook., which was collected in the 
same region. 


37. A. oe RA stem simple (6-8 inches high); leaves all 
ovate, sharply s the middle, ciliate, abruptly n rrowed into a 
[ma irinè] padole, a Ae the margins; heads apti sessile or on 
Short pedicels, p nos ; scales of the mor erect, with mem- 


ion s tips. Lindl.! in Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 9, & in DC. prodr. 
» 235. 


lave Lake, Richardson !—Dr. Lindley has remarked the close resem- 
blance of this plant to his A. precox on A. cem pad y- ) of which we 
greatly fear it is only a depauperate state. The heads maller, and in 
h 


See bee 8 nos 7 ) ela scales of the cam- 
panulate or hemispherical involucre closely nirindei in sna series, rigid, more or 
less unequal; the coriaceous whitish base appressed, with abrupt mostly squarrose or 
ces herbaceous tips: achenia minutely pubescent : rays (10-25) white or pale 

stems much branched or fue: : cauline leaves rigid, sessile, linear, lanceolate, 
or vedete entire; the radical and lowermost oblanceolate or spatulate, sometimes 
serrate.—Ericoidei. 


t Leaves tapering to each end, or narrowed at the base: scales of the involucre 
broadest at the base, with subulate or acute green tips. 


38. A. ericoides (Linn.) : glabrous or vemm hairy, racemose-compound ; 
Es simple branchlets or pe on cles rac nd mostly unilateral on the 
ite spreadin radical and lowest 


Lam ; 
Lindl. / » herb. Hook. herb Torr.; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 2 
florus, Miche. ! f. 9. p. = Willd. enum enum. 2. p. 880, in part (cis including 
Specimens of A. coridifolius & A. tenuifolius, fide Nees). A. tenuifolius, — 


* 


mU 
* c» 


194 COMPOSITE. ~" ASTER. 


Willd. spec. 3. p. 2026 (excl. syn.) ; Nutt: ! gen. 2. p. 155; — ! ft. 


Cest. .467. A. tenuifolius, & £. ericoides, is Se La d "- 
“ Hoffm. phytogr. bl. 1. t. A, f. 2”; Willd. e wn erb., 
Nees ; not of Linn. A. ramosissimus, A. T s A. mee 
ort. Par. ide DC. 
B. villosus: stem and matr and usually the dtd. tap ee —: 
A. villosus, croi fl. 2. p. 113. A. pilosus, Willd. ! 3. p. 2025; 


Nees. Ast. p. 109. A. glabellus, Lindl. ! in Hook. E ee bot. mag. 1. 
z y- pla typhyllus: stem and ig A shorter branches densely villous; 

auline leaves pubescent-hirsu lanceolate ; = lower ones oblong- 
spatulato; those of the ee only subulate-linea 

soil, Canada and nearly throughout the United boy 8. North 

ires! and Ohio! to Missouri! y. N. Carolina, Schweinitz! Mr. Curtis! 
Indiana, Dr. Clapp! Aug een 1-3 feet high, aim based from 
the base, bushy; the slender Sa, ed branches, and the erect secund 
branchlets or peduncles, ri ves numerous, but not very crowded, 


er. cr 

terior scales similar to the subulate leaves of the branchlets, and like them 

cuspidate with a short bristle, citt rather short and appressed, when the 

ctr appears sl ihn eem „Or almost as long as the innermost, 
phe 


nd & J 

Tests ceo hm dilated margins. Rays 15-25, white ed 

P. blish-purple the ‘disk fred ict Punt reddish-purple. Achenia 
with a dense min ubescence, turgid. Pa 


nsition to ou y. wa 
have specimens Vidi such broad cauline leaves (often half an inch wide by 
2 to3 cota ms y that no fois ist would venture to unite se wit 
A. ericoides very full suite of intermediate specimens. a 
the scales of th the archi are rather more equal; but we perceive no > other 


tt esit crowded ; the upper not narrowed, but usually dilated or partly clasping 
at the base: ee of the involucre spatulate, or narrowed below, mete — 
the exterior with obtuse herbaceous tips. 


39. A. multiflorus (Ait.) : cinereens palenscnt or hairy; stem eae 
: mose-compound; the heads very numerous and crowded, somewhat 

unilateral ; leaves linear, pcm closely neu. not tapering at , 
with 1 oth ate-scabrous or cilia MATE ee or at len, eth recurved 


i) 3. 
- spec. 3 . p. 2097 diam. . 9. . 880 ; - Persii Ji. 9. p. 546; Ell.! sk. 
2. p. 3497 tee 14; l-1 in DC. prodr, 5. p 243, Sin Hook. 
ilo PP" E f 3 
be A kaladi SA ns ye 


wae 


ay n S RA U 
tz ? VOU wg Š 2 ; Po ? > 7 d Are 


wee 
AsTER. - COMPOSITE. 125 


Ji. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 13. A. ericoides TF D EY t. 36, Ff. 40. A. 
ericoides, Lam. dict. 1. 2 304 ; Michr.! fl. 2 A. ericoides var. 

multiflorus, Pers. syn. 2. p. 443. A. ciliatus, Mal in Willd. spec. 3. p. 
202 - dumosus, Dc. ! prodr. 5. p. 241 (as to spec. in herb., excl. char. 
& syn.); Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 311? (Varióe, in the pubescence of the 


i 
which are either dense and elongated, or more compound and thyrsoid ; or, 
in sterile soil with few and scattered heads, sometimes even solitary and 
Dear the t holds 
ulis: stem strict, slender, narrowly racemose at the summit, or 

slightly crai heads Marcos d aside kx rii scales c the invo- 
lucre mostly acute, more equagro e—A. des var., Lindl.! in herb. 
Hook. A. ericoides, Hook.! fl. Bor Am. 2. » 132 (c hielly), "TÉ syn. 

y sites: bouts a arger, fewer, solitary on e Asis tae or racemose- 
Spicate.—4A. ramulosus, 8. incano- pilosus, ys n Hook. Am. 
2. p. 13, & in DC. l. c. A. biennis, Torr. ! E n "Hie. New York, 2. p. 
212; Lindl.! in herb. Torr. ; sisi of Nut 

Dry fields and sandy or gravelly soil, EEE, Massachusetts! and New 
York! to Georgia ; and throughout the Western States from Michigan! to 
the Upper Missouri! B. Sas wi ad and towards ky Mountains, 
Drummond ! y. Upper Missouri, Dr. James! Rocky Mountains, Drum- 
mond ! r to Fort] Franklin on fie Markonis Riven, egre / Aug.-Nov. 
—Stem 1-2 feet bien, muci branched, very bushy ; the branches mostly 
pags very leafy; = mall € usually crowded i in ee racemes. 
Lea nerved, or som vehat 3-nerved by th f the few veinlets, 
obtuse: or scarcely gine but icantly tipped with a mucronate brutos p cau- 

ones a nch and a half in length, 1-2 lines wide, often with tufts 

= aiar ones fascicled i in their axils; those of the branchlets much fain 
rowded. Involucre 2 to 3 lines in diameter ; Ses scales rather rigid, whitish 
and appressed, except ae ipee spreading or recurved green tips, usually 
mucronulate like the leaves; the exterior schede more spatulate, and ob- 
e ud 


nce.— ^: ar. P. is a more attenuated ied pelis growing i 
shady places, seg the leaves also more slender; certainly not a variet 
A. erico guae Vae have a seen the specimens from * Red River, Douglas,’ 
cited under species jl. Bor ege and know not whether they 
should be d her Ee vd i 


to considerable variation. It was a specimen of this plant (erroneously 
named A. biennis in ind Torr.) that Dr. Lindley had: in view, when he 
close 


remarked the close affinity of = z ramulosus B. with A. bi nnis Nutt. 
(A. canescens, Pursh) We have also a specimen of A. multiflorus a., with 
more scatter de heads, tollet i in "Michi EA which Dr. Lindley has Jabelled 

‘A. canescens, Pursh’: hence, eg e some misappreh De 


Candolle, on his authority, has given Massachusetts as a habitat of that spe- 
cies; which, however, is not found east i Maiipit: 


40. A. falcatus (Lindl.) : — cinereous-pubescent with appressed 
race or somewhat quet "e summit ; - 


hairs; stem strict, slender, 

the he litary veral on pe erect contrac v 3 
entire, minutely appressed-pubescent; the y clasping by a — 
b mewhat dilated base, often slightly falcate, the margins scabrous; 
scales of the hemispherical invol linear, rowed love = 
nearly equal in length, with / 


Be COMPOSITJE. ASTER. 


! fl. Bor.- Am. 2. p. 12, & in DC. prodr. 5. p. 241. A. ramulosus a., 
Tonal’ in Hook. l. c E e Fi in DC. l.c. p. 243. A. Pineda Nutt. 
pie Dea mer. phil. 
merica, un Lies iae in on the Mackenzie ipei on Cum- 
berland House on = Seow Richardson!—Stem 1-2 feet high. 
very numerous, 13-2 inches long, l-nerved or obecurely 3-nerved, 
usua ually h broadest at the: base, a ire rai acute or obtuse, but tipped with a m 
rg rstle. Heads i panpe or more or less compound narrow raceme, 
ar da the ordinary states of A. multi deis ; 8 scales of the nearly 
atone involucre more Ps ual, Ls acute.— - faleatus and the 
typical A. ramulosus of Lindley ( (kom Fort Franklin <a Canbe land Hous se) 
i ebad us cntro similar; and the affinity of the species is clearly wi 
ti 


A. Nuttallii: smooth and nearly glabrous; branches racemose, simple, 
Eis naked, bearing solitary or few heads ; leaves linear, rigid, entire, with 
scabrous margins; the upper sessile or somewhat clasping by a broad base ; 
the radical and lowest cauline lanceolate, tapering into a petiole; scales of 
the involucre unequal, closely imbricated, thiear-oblong, with short herba- 
ceous tips; the exterior obtuse.—A. ramu osus, Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phil. 
j E 


near, entire, ay need closel pins, lightly anlar the radical 
ones obla Baoen; serrulate towards the summit, tapering into a petiole ; 
heads racemose or slightly panicled scales of zen involucre frantic’ very 


acute, viscid, rather loosely imbricated in about 3 series, somewhat spread- 
ing.—WNutt.! in trans. De phi i. - e. 

* Plains of Lewis River, in the Rocky Mountain region: with A. ramu- 
losus [A. Nuttallii], hick k *elossly eir but differs à e every 
where somewhat pubescent and viscid, with a stron ng scen Stem 

t a foot high." Nuttall !—Heads as large as in the Puer ciu  Involu- 
cre rather shorter than the ferruginous pappus. Ovary pubescent. 


43. A. bracteolatus aes stem er ese ; leaves linear 


or oblong-linear, acute, sessile e, entire; heads mose-paniculate, mostly 
solitary on the leafy [mis inv voluere litio, puso ng; ‘the scales ob- 
long, somewhat acute; the oute t similar to the branch leaves. Nil 
wn trans. Amer. soc. l. c. 


phil. 
“ With the pee to which it is nearly allied, but remarkable by the 
z ucrum. e adical leaves are unknown. w 1 and 
1 y taan in the two preceding; the leaves nearly all similar. 
Flowers CS, rather Marge. Nuttall.—'This s species is unknown 
us: we introduce it here on account of the resemblance it is said to bear to 
the preceding. 


"MN Ru Quee Qn een p tali maid ramen; scales of the in- 
oS and unequal in length, membranaceo- , with short ap- 
Spreading (not squarrose) greenish tips: em n 5 

or nearly glabrous : rays (12-30) usually pale or white, often small: stems 


pressed or somewhat 
bescent 


ASTER. COMPOSIT &. 127 


length much branched, racemose or paniculate, rarely corymbose : leaves serrate or en- 
lire (the radical spatulate, obovate, or oblong); the cauline sessile, usually tapering at 
the base —Dumosi. 

+ Heads small: rays often short. 


m. entire, mucronulate, with minutely serrulate-sc abro argins; those 
of the branches short and aditus spreading, linear-subulato or lanceolate : 
n of the glabrous geben subulate-linear, very acute, imbricated in 
40 ries, somewhat spreading, the Sineto fully as long as the disk; 
fave oy short.— Ell. ! sk. 2 2. p. 348. 

Damp or dry soil, Paris Island, South Carolina, Elliott ! Florida, Dr. 


inches 
heads shorter than the leaves — subtend them. Lower lea ves s apni 
ly 2-3 inches long, and 2-3 line wide; those of the branches 4-2 lines long, 
with somewhat hispidly aio margins (under a lens). Scales of the 
erous ; 


ond t 
nt.— =, oe E species, which we have only seen from 
sources mentioned ab 


- A. Baldwini : n Ec pine stem paniculate-com- 
sind the heads solitary or loosely racem the branchlets; leaves 
rigid, closely sessile, partly acne. Sirs a cae ors mucronu-. 
late; the cauline ones oblong-linear; those of the branches and branchlets 


ceti in3or4s 

a. leav -— reed iei crowded on the branchlets; scales of the involu- 
cre burovly I linear, very a 

B. leaves more s scarey d on b dis enm be of A involuere broader 
acute.—A. coridifolius, Hook.! compan. to bot. mag. l. p. 97 (partly), not 
of Michx. 

Dry soil? a. Georgia, Baldwin! "ue sp. in herb. Schweinitz, now herb. 
acad. Philad.; the specimens mixed with A. coridifolius s = ericoides.) 
uisiana, Drummon t 


he 
ering, how , in i or even minutely EA pubescence, more 


upper leaves, which are xt E at the base and p 
maine, and in the RE t rough pubesc ; but the involucre, achenia, &c. 
are e abundantly different. The fully developed branches of A. azureus (with- 
t the lower leaves) somewhat resem ble var £. of this species; but they 
ish i sc of the turbinate 


lowest cauline leaves are unknown to us: ‘the stem are an i 
tan inch aad & half long ; Quos of the branches gradually reduced to one 


128 J COMPOSITE. ASTER. 
_or three lines. Scales of the involucre rather loose and spread. when old. 
. Rays apparently blue or purple. Achénia slightly pube 


46. A. dumosus (Linn.): stem glabrous or slightly Aabe =pabeihenl 

È racemosely branched or desea; the heads solitary at the extremity of 

the spreading branchlets, or rarely somewhat racemed ; leaves linear, crowd- 

ed, glabrous, with scabrous margins, sessile ; the lower cauline ones linear- 

lanceolate, sites remotely serrate with Shall e ie sharp appressed teeth; 
those of the branchlets small, mucronulate; scale th i 

 spatulate, obtuse (or pe rae bruptly and s slightly mucronulate), closely 

de Aud in = s wi po geo tips. 

niculate-r; t anchlets clothed with numerous 

obo ea aad obtuse ( gie mueronulate) sm s and present. $2 es; 

1 


the upper vg leaves frequently obtuse.—A. d us, Linn n 
spec. 2. v3 (ox g syn. Gronov. ?) ; Ait. P it i 1) 3. p. 202; Bigel. 
- Bost. ed. S. p. ; Boott! in herb. Hook. A. Americanus 
&c., Pluk 78, 3 6 fragilis, ane ! in herb. Hook. &c. ly, 
/ 


pm racemose-compound or decompound; the s lender and 
Tees iffuse b branches and branchlets clothed with crow p. depanperate 
and bract-like, spreading or reflexed, rather obtuse, linear leav the lowe 
cauline leaves linear, elongated, mostly epitesi cori ibis - Miche. ! ! 
2. p. 112; Willd. spec. . 2028; Pursh, fl. 2. p. ; Nees, Ast. p. 
Sra Lindl. bot. reg. ? 1487, & in herb. Hook. gu. Di. prodr. 5. p. 


Edi. ! ak. 2. P: 2s probably not of À. foliolosus — 


3 ilius Nu. gen. 2. p. 1 À. sparsiflorus, Willd. enum. partly, 


bulafol ius: diffusely emprei; leaves of the branches and branch- 

des athe subulate-linear, erect or slightly — ; otherwise as 
acilentus : stem slender, soaker sparingly branched; leaves scattered 
on the en "i ER — — or obtuse; all usually entire. 
- strictior 


į 


Pe 


" 


aringly pan daga ate or racemose-compound ; frr 3 


amans more or vede He ; the 7m r ones often slightly serrate; those o 
the short branchlets rather Duiheibos, scarcely spreading; otherwise n nearly 
as in a.—A. — — ! in sto. € ir eg d 
. subr tem mpound ; the heads often somewhat 
racemed ; feats: most sins uae smt ones open» remotely serru- 
late ; those of the branches more scattered, slender, and pro caca tional, ken ; 
- scales of the D rather narrower, often slightly acute.—A. dum wc 
Nees, Ast. p. 105, ex descr. A. foliolosus, Ait. Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p- 202! 
excl. syn. Dill. ? 
or moist shady soil throughout the United States: a. Massachusetts! — 
a to Alabama! B. Throughout the Southern States! — is pine woods.) © 
Y. Texas, Drummond ! Western Louisiana, Dr. Leaven 6. Alabama, 
Dr. Gates! also in Georgia aia Florida! e. Vermont! ead. Mi chigan ! a 
- r &c., ny = moist soil. c Northern and Middle States- 
—Oct.—Stems 1-3 fee high. Lower leaves 2-3 inches long, 2-5 lines . 
ee those of the Fechos and branchlets reduced frequently to —Á— lines 


in length, sli wi e ciliolate-scabrous margins. Heads 

usually about 4 lines i in Hipp" eid ered : Scales of the regularly imbri- 
ona nul the length ` 

t i er 


— while the foliage, in the vast num 
ond imaginable gradation between 


à x o 
_Asver. e - COMPOSITAE. " 129 
* a th i Tu c Iti is o unlikely that we have united two or more one ‘te 
Ma dus 3n. we have soigh, in vain for any a vailable distinctions, we are — 
compelled to arrange the cipal forms as varieties. "The effects of culti- 
vation, so far as our abackration or ox ise to confirm in correctness 4 
_ 0 this view. Specimens of the form we have assumed as the of the spe 


ci 
cies have been compared. pih the Linea and Banksian herbaria byDr. — 
the A. dumosus of Linneus. V 


S 47. A. Tradescuntte (Linn. ): stem $ MCA often somewhat per scent in ^ 
uut lines, much branched; the (small) heads numerous, usually densely race- i, 


on t eres b. at Jen gu divergent virgate branches, often. 


i unilateral leaves sessile, on scabrous margins ; the cauline ones 
l lanc nceolate-linear, kro de muc ata ute Or acuminate, remotely serrate 
ne middl and sharp euh: the upper and those of the branches 

ssively shorter and usu tire, mucronulate; t of chlets 


. oblon es 
Pis, cd 3 or 4 séries, appressed ; the in eect rather shorter than the 
nn. hort. Cliff. p. Ly hort. Ups. p. 262, & spec, 2. p. 876 ; Michz.! 
2.54115; Pursh! ft. zi 556; Ell. sk. 9. p. 358; Nees, Ast. p. 103; 
indl.! in herb. Torr. (not ir fn orb, Hook.) ; DC. prodr. 5. p. 241., A. 
- Virginianus vm, cg serotinus, parvis floribus albis, Moris. hist. 3. ps 
3 


a Ms Mna t | ict. T. p. 06. A. recurvatus, mg fl. 2. 9. 
A 55 ? Nut. gen. 9. p. 158? 

$ D. : cáuline leaves, aep the lowermost, 
d se da e. or entire, digas spores ; mu more gaue 


+A. fragilis, Willd. spec. 3: p. 2051; Nees. Ast. p. : MSS» 
rb. Hook. ; not of Lindl. DC. E E multiflorus, Nutt! gen. 2. 4 Mo P 
.) fide herb. A. tenuifolius, Ell. ! E p. 347, not of Lin -— 
mm — rivulets, in dry or rather vist soil, Pahar A to * 
cky and Louisiana! not uncommon. Aug.—Oct.—Stem 2-4 


S- 
ranches very numerous, slender, racemosely arrange ed 


the. or rarely somewhat corymbose or pan pM at first often 
NR e ngth divergent or even divaricate, bearing very numerous 
heads on short pedicels, "vr slender strict r AC ri which decrease 
gradually in size e upw s; in v eS mes often more irregu 
= looser, more *paniculate. Lower retos leaves 3 to 4 or 5 inches long, 
"i 3-1 lines wide, acute at each end, DS less evidently serrate with 
* d teeth. on each rgi len rat ar. some à 
f Mat spreading, but when minute are closely appressed; pu of branch- 
pU rs sand branchlets suecessively reduced in size ler in A. 
oe. mosus, about as large as is dues ary in the gone specie Scales 
_ the involucre fewer and narrower than in the former. ee 


| purplish. A clienia closely 
mewhat approaches narrow- . 
da end fewer, and con-  - 
semble forms of A- 


ps 
th much larger 
under the name of 


e 


VOL. 0.-17 


why 


-130 Ts COMPOSITE. s 


> Be c3 d 


i 

shorter, the foi a R about the length of ie disk), acute or rather obtuse ; 
short, and often inconspicuous.— Linn. spec. 2. Pa 887? (excl. syn. 
Dill. Elth. t. 35, f. 39.)* A. miser, Pus s, diffusus, & pde Ait. 

Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. EON oa of most, if not all, succeeding author. 
a. miserrimus : S iptical-la m-lanceo slate leaves 
ess s doen or pu tes nt; ‘thie. foleg g bfa nches short, seldom 
divergent; ee of the inven narrowly lind or linca-onceolate acute. 
—A. mise y-), Nees! Ast. p. 111. A. miser, var. Nutt./ herb, A. >” 
myrtifoli 4 Wild. enum. suppl. fide, Nees.—The following are the chief , 
vi S: 1. Stem somewhat simple, puberulent-scabrous, as well as the | 

leaves ; heads glomerate or Seep d p a hat racemed branchlets 
which ^u often ea or sometimes lon ; in the 


ASTER. 


ani vk, 

somewhat secund and spicate on the (abbreviated or soniótitue elongated) ~ 

ascending flowering branchlets. " miser, var. Nees.! in herb. Arn. & 

Hook. Jacksonville, Lowisiana, Dru ix 
Piece i mostly cinerotaa c, a or scabrous; leaves m 4 

— elliptical-lanceolate, or cuneiform-oblong, scabrous above, : 

at | : 


anches; scales of the involucre linear, obtusish or abruptly acte 

aries: 1. Stem low (6-18 inches pes sid in or with ascending 
branches; heads glomerate in Lowe at t of the stem pr 5 
branches, and in the axils of the upper Raves or on shorsiebresdihg flower- 


. ing branchlets; scales of the rai ina megi or Bie a "s " 
__ the innermost sometimes narrower and more acute. (A. miser, Nutt./ gen- 
2. p. 158; Darlingt.! fl. Pot. p ` 466.) 2. Plans ; taller, less pu ubescent ; ae 
_ heads (rather smaller) loosely ke rr along "i e or rm diva- - E 
ricate branches; or the lower flow ring branches somewhat-compound. (A+ d. . 
diffusus, Muhl. ! in herb. ec Š ; Nees, Ast. (partly, ) and in ACE Am- 4 2. 
Hook. ! St. cose ed wei 


ad. Uus: or glabrous belam uch branched ; leaves 
y glabrous (cosy sient. Beabrous above a sparsely pu ubes- 


oval; branche “diffuse, 1 tly elo biftilcd, divergent, Sunc ed eptesdiat = 
heads loosely or densely ra 3 involucre RA 

ar, e or acutish.—A. ig (partly 7), divergens, eremi & par- 
ees, Ast DE De rgens, Mas vey parv M 

i nt 


: T aine leaves vary ts 
a. ate (3-5 inches, n in some specimens from Kentucky = 
and Wisconsin even 6 inches s long,) or t o jowl even broadly oval, to 
cuneiform-lanceolate, oval-lanceolate es is ION dh ; the more or less - 
as x. ois "x 
í 


f the dormi species to which the name of ; 
ied by.succ ding, piotanists ; but this is by no means | 


Aw 
he “fg 


zu ~s 


i ASTER. 4 t COMPOSIT £. 131 

d elongated primary branched are ascending or ax dildo the heads - 

umedy disposed ane them on short pedicels, so form elo ving ttt ede 

racemes, sometimes forming small glomerules, niet ai very numerous 

in spiciform divaricate racemes, or frequently more loose and somew ius 

pci M de. Some of the na rrow-leaved forms, with the midrib pubes- 
lowing : 


sca e of the. involuc win A daily linear, ds shoe 

s nearly entire, but sie of them téspotely and ve 
ed serrate (4-5 inches iuo “attenuate-acuminate); t e midrib: id 
hirsute beneath; heads few, in racemes much. shorter than a leaves. (A. 
ae Lindl. ! ! fay DC. prodr. re . 942, ex hay ae ey 3 


Upper i sessile glomerules. (Wayne County, o . Sartwell !) 
pe # 1. Old tben of. roo &c., Canada! Jui throughout the United 
. Aug.-Oct A polym y deae species, 10 3 


to 
when nearly simple, but at 


- e or tinged with purple, short, often ` 
Ye. ouspictiots : the corolla of the disk often turning purple ; the limb deeply 
A SR Achenia minutely pubescent.—This is the most polymorphous 
_ Species of the genus. lt would be easy to arrange its most remarkable 


- forms as distinct speci ‘but perfectly impossible to characterize them. 
Even our var. diffusus 1 


with n cally ; 
be ^ ES Or x hea EE Ives: the latter is sometimes called A. sane. d 
ne 49. 


e A. Lamarckianus (Nees): stem pubesce ent in lines, racemose-decom- 
oS 2 en nd, coarctate; the branches panie uio d leaves lanceolate, - 
... acuminate, sessile, Veg sca potait , scabrous above; those of. the branch- . 

lets lanceolate-acuminate, spreading ; scales a. the involucre linear, rather - 


i. _ equal, loosely imbricated. Nees, Ast. p. 100; Lindl.! in Hook. fl. Bor. — 
Am. 2. p. 11; _ prodr. 5. p. 941. A. paniculatus, oa: dict. 1. È 306. 
L" (not of Ait), fide Nees. A. Tradescanti, Nees, synops. p. 28. 
viflorus, Lindl. in Hook. fl. Bor.- Am. l. c. 
4 nada, according to T each, Nees. apes’ pala Richardson! 
Drummond ! (v herb )—Ac this species is 
ae iecur from any with which he - de i gis his A. divergens. 


any with w. 
m Sa skatchawan appea 
cime of ie species cultivated i in the Berlin! 
T s *-.— t Heads mid 
j e 50. A simpler (Will): stem , grbrous mp 
branches somewhat corym summit ; T dn branc 
bearing fow [middle-sized] CES acuminate, am « 


p+ an * y 
we'd 2 M 


IN. ; COMPOSITE. it, ASTER. 
the margins ns scabrous ; the tower erae; — of the involucre lose i 
bricated, linear-subulate. Nees.—Willd 2. p. 887 ape ers p.91; 
. prodr. 5. p. 239. A.l anceolatu d. spec 3. p.2 ? (as species 

of doubtful origin, E not mee € of space lt authors ? 
E — “Darlin ngt.! fl. Cest. p. 467 ; not o. e A. :estivus, Ait. ? 
Wi 

^ oem diffusely branched ; the branches pubescent in lines, often — 
and diverging; heads (variable e but mostly rather large) racemose-scattered ; 
scales í is code linon IB (rays blue or —ÓÓ : nega =A. recur- 
vatus, Nees, Ast. elgii var. minor, in herb. Hook. 
A. divergens (parily), ? indi: hin ben. Hook. A. VN PE ihe Lindl. 
in 


f. nds ( (middle-sized) i in dense or Recap axillary racemes which are 


slibreat than the cauline leaves; other 
à. stem tall I reo i high) erect ; bé disce hirsute or pubescent, often 
n lines; hea i^ (preity large) loosely racemose or somewhat paniculate 
pov the ey of the branchlets; rays blue 
stem 1-2 feet high, pubescent in ned above; heads numer r crowd 
ed on the short branchlets, small; rays pale blue or bluish-whit 
et banks of st and gins of anada! and nearl 
throughout the United States! a. ô. & e. Common in the Northern and Mid- 
dle States! 8. Ohio! Kentucky a! Aug. 


fo robably so fo 
ees a veian ted in European gardens have eon p». ed from it; and |... | 
_ perhaps A. obliquus, Dee is among the number. Some states are, MOre- | 
|». Over, very near our A. tenuifolius y. bellidi florus; and our var. e. close i 
approaches A. Trades, but has larger heads, and broader as well as, 
more deeply serrated lower satt Big leaves are 1 to 4 inches long, 3-10 . 
lines wide, peus to an acuminate vfi acne glabrous and smooth on both ` 
the ; 


e 
rrowed to the base, sessile or slightly clasping; the uppermost and 
those of the branches sly i — Seu les of the obov bps involucre more 


minutely pubescen 
Tw 51. A. ois. s (Linn. ): nearly glabrous; stem — 
* e 


bl narrowly lanceolate or lanceolate-linear, mostly elongated, attenvate-acufil- 

die n cio geb the lower ones usually sharply serrate 10 the 
ae middle ; € those of e branches and branchlets entire, attenuate, proportioned ; 
xo les wes rical involucre nümerous, linear’ or subulate-linear, 
Ys _ acute, eiie rund, or the points somewhat "mene, — innermost, 


y as BE the the disk; rays rather short. —Linn. s cx 2. p. 8 — 
soe tea cn Nees, Ast. p. 119; DC.! prodr. 5 pe d ae, " 
canus Belvidere folis, &e. Pluk. alm. 56, t7 ^d pns lyphy us, 
Wild. enum. 2. p. 8 p f polyp 2 


e Nees. A. junceus, Pursh, fl. 9. p. 557 ; ( Lo 
sk. 2. p. 356?) Nees, s 26, fide Nees. A. radescanti ary) 
Lindl. ! in herb ) - Hoo rep p T . 
iat Tamosissimus : panieulatel ately pon branched ; the: "branches ene branch- . . 
Ps s somewhat mig Limp imt pubescent; leaves often scabrous ; scales , 
vo og ae abad pe numerous, linear-subulate — 
indl. F weh, Hook. À. tenu ifolius y. Nees, ^ 


_ ASTER. i La COMPOSER A 133 
è 1 
heads often iege racemose; le dido, or frequently scabrous 
above; scales of the involucre narrowly linear, ac acute, loosely imbricated.— 
A. - belldiflorus, Wiles enum. 2. p. 886 ; wes om p. 97; DC. prodr. 5. 
; Lindl. ! b Bor. n A. angustus & rigidulus, 
on es narrowly lanceolate or 
ear y en eş "wm oie = usually entire ; heads 
(A. cedes 7 Wild. spec. 3. p. 9 i po e 
t. Berol.) 


. . 35 
synops. A. artemisic fictus, Jo. Ms i ` 50 0.): 3. Lower 
leaves rather broadly lanceolate, sharply and often coarsely serrate, or some- 
times arany en 
Low moist pes Canada (y. from — M ces !) and Northern 
Stine to the upper districts of N. Caroli Aug.-Oct.—Stem 2-4 feet 
igh, usually rather stout and rigid ; the woman often pubescent, especiall 
n lines. Cauline leaves ici from 24 to 5 or even 6 inches in wri i 
prm of the nubes very gradually reduced in size), narrowed at the 6 
tapering above to a long attenuate very sharp point, scabrous-ciliolate under 
ka 8 lens, of arather firm texture, with a strong midrib, the a copiously 
^ A and.co nep re poo beneath. Heads about middle-sized (larger 
than in A. m ; the sc of die involucre acute or RE somewhat 


h h 
e wu ^: ys numerous, considerably longer than the disk (which sometimes 
. turns pufplupy pale purple or nearly white, usually mmm a deeper 
it before fading 
ad 52. A. carneus (Nees) : pulus or the strict racemose branches some- 
* ^ * what pubescent in lines; leaves uniform, entire or nearly so, narrowly lan 
. . ceolate, mucronate- ^ inque slightly scabrous above, with serrulate-sca- 
" brous margins; the low ore or less attenuate towards the base; the upper 
> ge x: and ew aimag: heads (middle-sized) racemose towards the 
T it of th the leafy bran ches ; involucre obovate, apres shorter than 


pres * DC! ! pro wed » p. 237, Sari y- a with the heads few and near- 

Y fs 2 sessile, on short leafy branches, which are aggregated in a compact ra- 

Ta (A. salicifolius, Muhl.. ! in herb. Ell., partly.) 

. ya ple ve Saas racemosely much branched ; the branches beter very a 
i T rous densely ra 


A3 - mose heads; leaves minutely scabrous above ; those of the branches "ient 
a” oblong-linear or lanceolate.—A. m asper, indi ! in Hook. . to bot. 

. ma ~ 97, & in rodr. 5. p. aries: 1. Exterior scales of 
"^ he involucre somewhat spatulate-linear, obese or abruptly a 


and very slight- 
QA 4. e: 92. Stem densely gn 009 com ^ wien ummit; leaves of © 


Y the branches and branchlets very short yopec 


A state of s _— with short leaves and pene ur scattered along the 


W sle —— bra on it with our v 
ix r iguus : parsers codem along z the Meer o somewhat 
T on short rt pe os ncles ; involucre conspicu usly gione an the disk ; pgs 
leaves elongated, rather broadly lanceolte mach. Ama at each end, 
& — sharply se rrate in the middl im^ the branches nearly as 
nv 


AREE s 
m Moist soil, Mancolisetts, (near Boston, $ Boott !) to o Pennsylvania, 
2 Muhlenberg ! Schweinitz ! and Ohio, Dr. Riddell ! Mr. Sullivant ! B. St. 
s i mmond ! Indiana, Dr. Cla, — ouisiana, Dr. Leaven- 


134 COMPOSITE. $ ASTER. 


and with the veinlets — as — — more abruptly narrowed 
to a mucro san pagename p" f the nches 1-2 inches long, 


ort. in 
riable in this respect; the scales of the ivola betad er and shorter, ap- 
pressed (or the — loose be more unequal, and regularly imbri ital, 
pale, with short usually rhombic-ovoid ere tips, which are very slightly 
spreading. Ra aye longer, broader, and more showy than in A. tenuifolius, 
es, ( Nees), “nearly E. or incide light v — in the 


he ish. 

|» what dé nasi or laciniate.— This species was desc Nee ees, from p 
cimens of uncertain derivation, cultivated in the iiec of Count Schenborn 
Dr. Lindley identified a plant collected near Boston by Dr. Boott, with an 
authentic specimen, from Nees. We have the ) 
other specimens, which clearly show that A. subasper of Lindley is only a 

rm species. Although "iare isian from both, it closely 
— A. laxifolius on om and A. tenuifolius (with which 

es compares it) on the other. ‘ions: pins of it have not apanji 

ii mn e Tradescanti a name often applied to what we consider 
form of A. tenuifolius 


m smooth and glabrous, racemosely branched or com- 
u 


very short bracteate Hardin s; involucre campanu eire somewhat pr 
an the disk; the scales linear-lanceolate, acute, jae e closely imbricate 
in nearly 3 series, the exterior somewhat shorter 
N 


ear Boston, Dr. B. D. Greene! Dr. Pickerin ng! (in herb. acad. Philad.) ` 


—The specime e se ant the lower cauline leaves, and d 
afford sufficient information as to the size of the e cauline leaves 
in the specimens are 3-5 — long, — half an inch broad, remotely ser- 
te with minute tee a ra m texture; ww veinlets e. E € 
surface cid rinichinted; but - 'consplonousl in A. c P 
upper su very scabrous in one specimen, Tu li sligh tly so in ee aa 
. the leaves p: the branches are pretty unifo ughout in size and shape, 


orm. 
12 ae long, lanceolate-ovate or elliptical, nett: all serrate like those of 
the s Heads nearly the size of those of A. carneus f. subas 
d : 


à in 1 
sharper uos tips. Rays rather s i, broadly linear, umen ent 


plish; the turning to reddish-pu . Achenia minutely puberulent 


"*"*9*9**» 95 Heads riens ar Ure EFT. 
| late: scales of the involucre equal or somewhat 
lax or spreading herbaceous er foliaceous tips; pe exterior frequently entirely ep 
ceous : achenia pubescent or glabrous : rays usually large and numerous, blue or 
ple: cauline leaves sessile, y the upper more or less clasping.—Salicifolii. 


t Scales of the” involucre erect or appressed, with -— short — ms i 


herbaceous tips; ir sea often entirely herbaceous 
54. A. laxus (nn). stein racemose Maid e ecom- 
oun; the branches E Pott dm the summit jy the aiis 
j Fr Er um * 


j & tae a ai 


È 


nequal, more or less imbricated, with 


bis 


aa : $ 


aS a 
ÅSTER. M COMPOSIT/E. 135 
elongated ; leaves narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, the margin (and often 
the upper surface) scabrous; the lower ones somewhat serrate ; those of the 
branchlets isis MA spreading; s koalés of the involucre in the termi- 
nal heads loose, and nearly equal, lin of the others imbricated, reflexed 


at the summit. "Nee. Willd. Pu? L9. . p. 886; (Pursh, fl. 2. p. 5572) 
Nees, Ast. p. 95; DC. prodr. 5 

North America, Willdenow. Ti us vide fields, New Jersey to Mi 
Pursh ; who, debo pipbably had a different epee in view. 

Bosto on, Dr. Boott! Dr. Greene! aped ook.) ork, Mr. Dibonnd! 
Septet. The oo specimens we have seen agree very well with the 
dus of Willdenow, and that of Nees, which we have copied. 

toa 


(3-5 inches long and 4-5 lines broad) are rather rigid, serrulate with scat- 
tered appressed teeth, the upper surface more or less scabrous ; the upper- 
most and those of the branches short, partly clasping and sometimes sligatly 
dilated at the base. The heads are rather smaller than in A. prea € but 


ch be 
^ thely herbisgiés mu, broadly uat obtuse or miucronate-acute, often 
as long as the disk, loose, at length squarrose- mam ; the outermost simi- 
zı Jar to the leaves of the tea nchlets: in ; de lateral heads, when these are pro- 
. ^. duced, the scales are regularly imbricated, as in A. prealtus. The rays ap- 
- pear to be purplish- uel Although he has placed the two species at some 
distance from A ther, Nees appears to suspect that his laxus may pass 
into A. prealtus; which is most probably the case. Indeed these two species, 
well as A. eod and A. Novi-Belgii, seem to be coniicit by a series F 
intormélliaes forms. 
és 55. A. prealtus (Poir.): stem or branches mostly ha airy in m race- 
. ™mose-paniculate or corym at the summit; leaves lanceolate, partly x 
^. elasping, acute, entire, or obscurely tubis ee glabrous, with sca- 
o 


ma r surface so 
scabrous toward: apex and margins ; c sasn narrowed towards the 
base; scales of the involucre unequal, loosely imbricated in 3 or 4 series, 
linear-lanccolate, acute, often with the ee spreading ; pus po’ wen — 

¿+ Poir. suppl. 1. p. 493 ; Nees, Ast. p. 71; DC. prodr. 5. p. A. sali- 
^. cifolius, Ait. Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 203? (Pursh, fl. 2. p. 549 ): -Bigel. ji. 
i^ - Bost. ed. 9. p. 309. A. vi virgatus, Nees, synops. p. 27. 

Moist woods and rocky banks of streams, New Hampshire! Massachu- 
setts! and perhaps throughout the Northern States Apg often m 1 to 
*w : sa 6 feet high, often rather d and fims; frequently hairy o r pubes- 4 
nt throughout when yang, at length smooth and glabrous except in lines, ~ 
fen t, branched near the. summ mit; the veni ches somewhat racemose 
d ; the branchlets short, and usually form- 
x Lyrsoid-corymbose inflorescence. Radical 
ob d g, 1-2. inches long, obtuse, nearly entire, 
i tapering into a liate margined short petiole, sheathing at the 
base ; gll the bee par. rem hairy on the midrib when young. | 
* leaves. about 4 inches long, 5-8 lines wide, ane gradually to an acute 


point, of a firm texture, pale and very smooth narrow promi- 
nent midrib, bright green above, usually a little scabrous only towards the 
summit; the veins forming loose open reticula'ions, which are rather con- 
spicuous in the older leaves; the ral usually with a more-or less dilated 


*.- ot auriculate insertion. Heads rather l A = vohis Involucre vend 
* as the LI the scales SS often somewhat narrowed to- 
; base, Wer: , herbaceous aes 
Rays violet or pale- blue, pretty 


136 COMPOSITE. ASTER. 


plant (the ligule as long as the involucre); the disk-flowers An changing to 


Achenia minutely pubescent, or glabrous when — We should 
the 


have restored older name of A. salicifolius, were we at oil confident that 
it belongs to this species: as this is doubtful, we have followed ei and 
De Candolle. Pursh’s plant is said to grow from New York to Virg 


. A. elodes: very smooth and glabrous; stem mostly nc corym 


r rarely somewhat racemose- gap at the summit; leaves fient 
lanceolate, Som acute or acum at each end, entire or sparingly ap- 
presse e, shining, tola- pa the upper surface often minutely 


Diebus y dem de the side and margins; the uppermost partly clasping by a 
more or le ess narrowed base ; scales of the obovoid involucre rather closely 


. gen. 
B. leaves varying from "aov lanceolate to broadly oval-ianceolate, or 
the lowermost inscantare- -spatu 
et swamps, paride on erf Massachusetts! Long Island! New 
Jersey! and Pennsylva AME Us and North Carolina! Aug.-Sept. 
sedis usually iple, and 1 to 2 feet high, very srt, mostly sighs 


are commonly shorter in proportion an pd B ore or less acu- 
c uia at each end), mostly deep green EU shining misa and conspicu- 
mr moea “a impressed veins, the margins often slightly an and sharp- 
1 those of the branches small spreading. Heads large and showy, 
Eo rather n du simple or somewhat otn corymbs, or some- 
times paniculate racemes, solitary on a short and rather rigid, sparse and 
diverging bas read Involucre glabrous or slightly pubescent; the scales 
of a rather firm texture; the exterior herbaceous, except the pale broad mar- 


ens of New 
Massachusetts, and as "c uth at least as North Carolina. It varies much 
in the form of the leaves, which are frequently as narrow as in A. paludosus, 
but sometimes as wide as i iei ci It begins to flower when only 


i 

1 

.8 or 12 inches high, a uid per rha aps seldom attains more than two feet in 
poy while the heads s » s eeruan large and showy. We are not 


57. A. Novi- Belgii mas : smooth and ous em (ác the 
rn Mandy | pubescent i in lines), often somewhat glauc ous; stem stout; 
the brane ‘id or slightly 


os es ; 
coriaceous, pale and very smooth, or slightly scabrous towards the margins 
mee upper ama acia or oblong-lanceolate, somewhat iere 3 ape 
ppermost and those of the bra s yi ^ a broader base, often 
hemispheri en a) disk ; the scales 

L2 aw "m ' x 


Y 


* 


Aster. COMPOSITE. 137 


8 i 
(9. p. 554; Nees! Ast. p. 79; DC.! prodr. 5. p: 238, ied ay » A. 
floribundus, Nutt.) A. Novi- der ergo &c. — Lugd. p t. 69. 
A. serotinus, Willd. spec. 3. p. 9 (partly), fi e Nees. i oe 
Pursh, fl. 2. p. 553 ?—The follo ATE varieties are ipea by Nees, all 


em e large so 
what corymbose; ray ample, &c.) Var. 8. squarrosus : leaves lance t 
o d: branches simply EDAD us the heads somewhat 
Se; ray broad and dense; scales of t olucre somewhat equal, 
the exterior pi ie ioa) often Ipifécóóns atid elongate ted. (A. junceus, 
recurvatus, an s, of so e gardens). Var. y. serus: stem taller; 
ray dense, esli-colcieed: pue tish towards bus disk. Var. d. minor: leaves 
lanceolate, attenuate ; the branches tomous-cor bos any- 
owered ; ray shorter and ies so ie scs ot the petn ely im- 
qe d. p edet ping smaller; stem low (A. floribundus, Willd. 
. 88 i 


crowded racem Y the iiid tof ax illa ary branches, ohiri are either ‘baie 
or longer than the cauline casio PM — the stem or aggregate - 
somewhat corymbose at tbe su —3. -— ds (smaller), racemose or ra: 
SORA towards the su - of numerous slender branches, whi 
are racemose along the ster venons upper panne a scales of the involucre 


in 

Borders of swa moist ground, from near the sources of the Mis- 
eid (Banks of Spirit nm Mr. Nicollet N: to S. Carolina, Elliott! (A. 
levis? Herb. Ell.!) and pose pa = iss Clay! apparently not -— com- 
mon. Sept.-Oct.—Stem usually stout, 1-4 feet high. Leaves thickish; 
the lower ones often 5-6 ache long, and — or inch — oin tapering 
from above the middle to the _ with a pre rong m the margins 
Scabrous; the primary veins few ; the rte es of the veinlets rather ob- 
scure. 


including the rather linear and pretty large pale blue rays, but sometimes 
bw. o half that size. Exterior scales of the involucre occasionally her- 


so with slight pale or scarious margins. Disk often turning purp 
Achenia slightly pubescent.—Our plant, which whol ly accords with the des- 
cription of A. Novi-Be elgii, a. Nees, is doubtless the. same with the original ie 
Linens species, and with that figured by Hermann. Although e xtensively - 

. diffused, it appears to be uncommon in this country. Tt has been cultivated 

in Europe for more than a century : =a a half; and from from it several nominal 
species have probably been derived.—The **specime e n Aster from Dr. 
Scouler, gathered on the Colum , which Prof. Tii inclines to refer to 
A. apis (Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. ued under A. luxurians,) is is either a 
variety of A. Novi-Belgii, or belongs to new species, of which there are 
not sufficient materials for de 

58. A. amplus (Lindl.): stem simple, stout; the racemose branches some- 
what Ve. Miny d , hairy above, bearing 1-3 lar arge heads; leaves 
Feet with scabrous margins, slightly serrate or nearly entire; the radi- 
cal ones oval-lanceolate, tapering into a den. narrowly-winged petiole, the 
lower shlong iens, often auricula s tly clasping ; ed Spp 
rowl long-lanceolate, „often auricu te-clasping; scales volucre 
lan fe ig ng al, large.— — Lindl.! in Hook. ft. Bor.- 


138 COMPOSITE. ASTER. 


Rocky Mou se (lat. 549—569? ?), Drummond !—A plant with large -+ 
heads, mostl on the erect and simple often leafless branches; and = 
ample eio dr rem the ra ical - ones; including the elongated petioles, à 
sometimes mey a foot in le ength. y pubescent. Dr. Lindley 
prees with A. brumalis. 


A. Douglasii (Lindl.) : stem glabrous, racemose-compound ; the (few- 
theca branches loosely paniculat gei manng few E large) 
heads; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, mostl y somewhat narrowed at the 
base, glabrous, nearly all s serrate ; pai of the hemispherical in voluere 
broa inear (or 


m. 

utt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. ie. toe er) 
regon, in low soils; common along the large rivers M r the d coast, Doug- 
las! Dr. Scouler ! Nuttall ! Aug.-Se t.—Varies; wit rter pes 
and more numerous smaller heads; and with more slender and naked 
di^ anches, bearing fewer and larger heads (Lindl. ); and specimens collected 
by Mr. Nuttall have shorter and broader leaves, with tuner stro Ely ¢ ciliolate- 
scabrous margins. r. nd MON considers it allied t emin which it 


60. A. “lajina (Nees): stem scabrous, racemose-compound, narrow; 
the branches racemose at the summit or slightly compound; leaves narrowly 
lanceolate (or lanceolate-linear), mucronatoly serrulate, attenuate to each 
end, clasping, flaccid, scabrous above ; scales of the involucre linear, squar- 
rose ; those of the terminal heads reyi d Nees, Ast oe uu dg pm 


wan, ond not Arctic America.) A state with rigid leaves, the T 
— the simply racemose heads, is A. zstivus, Lindl. ! 


Lini cedi stem — — scabrous, racemosely branched; the 


and almost filiform branches spr eading ; leaves — i ly lan- 
ceolate » elongated sere teenie rigid, scabrous above ; the mar, 
remotely serrilate or often entire, ois heads foodely racemose 
or somewhat paniculat 


e at the extremity of ranches, on slender peine 
branc es of the valute unequal, with some- 


America (eiatd ; D Sg Leyden drin Nees. 8. Canada 
pitcher, Pru e ask katchawan ! to Arctic 
of Oregon! 


à g PT P 
: ra a 


wid 
al 


P2 Milwaukie, Wisconsin, Dr. L 


ASTER. ` COMPOSITE. 139 


apham ! Columbus, Ohio, Mr. Sullivant ! 
Sept.-Oct.—We refer the A. salicifolius of Richardson to A. laxifolius, on 
the authori ity of Dr. PEREA — is — ably acquainted with the plant of 
Nees, whose specifie phrase we have copied. mark, that 
es specimens do not well accord is the description of that species, which 
aid to differ from A. vimineus, Nees, ** by its minutely an and remotely 
Gilas leaves, 5-7 pers long and vn lines broad; by its narrower (flesh- 
ee rays about half A size ; suis earlier florescence" ; and the stem 
iss hil i 


8 
nearly as n A. puniceus; the rays numero 
fully the te of de ebrei depone violet-blue; the achenia in 
some yir rather densely, in others ngl 
The var. y., which is probably not specifically. distinc: from the Wig. 

an 


is a ver aceful ith | 
slender lax branches, and the heads loosely disposed at their extremities. 


The cauline leaves are 4 or 5 inches long, ‘ad oS = d those of 
e 


squ 
numerous, long, s Bory, app arently pale violet or purple; the disk gr, 
purplish. Achenia minutely puberulent.—The A. gus of the 
pean gardens may have been derived from this species 


t t Scales of the involucre loose, narrow, acute, often recurved or spreading. 


61. A. longifolius (Lam.): glabrous; stem smooth or Dn — 
below, iege: ret ; the (middle- sized) heads loosely co 
paniculate ; y ne Ly near ancl lange 


t 
nate involucre narrowly oe, dies pint eai Ed 
spreading or often recurved; rays numerous.— Lam. tp. 308. 5, fide 
n ! - 5. p. 239. A. eminens, Willd. enum. 2. p. "6067 ien - te 
. junceus, beg Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 204, fide Nees, DC. $e. 
siia go, Jl. 2. p. 553? (ex Nees. C.) 


ned with mi 
leaves mostly entir ne hue loser cona laneosiate s Y Pié of th 
more or less 


shorter and less s atin 
yore pla se gut York to Carolina,’ Nees, DC. (derived partly 
from Pe MS cited Br dere Faris A. duncodo Nevigatos, &c.) South- 
s, Le Conte! 8. I ? Le 


e pas, never met aa ^m Deis men iene in the h 
Le Conte, whose specimens very wel 


th 
l. c., or A. longifolius e. levigatus, DC. L. c.) Nees ad 
mutabilis, prin A. levigatus, Pursh: con is said to bea 
feet M wiih the at aucem th 
scabro ght green and lucid 


ee 


A 
P" 


E: 
| 140 COMPOSIT X. ASTER. 


rially differ from it. Another, the A. longifolius n. albiflorus, . DC : 

eminens ». Nees,l.c. A. virgineus, Nees, synops.), que white rays, ee 

verging to reddish-violen and more scabrous as well as b roader leaves: from 

this the A. e var. virgineus, Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1656, is said to differ 
e 


spreadi 
but less spreading. Achenia minutely pu nt.—A. squarrulosus, pon 
has apparently been derived from this species. 


= 62. A. Elliot stem stout, very smooth and glabrous, upper portion 
and the VR Lnd bra. t: min n ey d ep Ses in decurrent 
lines ; leaves somew ie n s or dus scabrous 


tapering 
Pugna b e ae ER Denie). partly pena "but not dilated at 
the insertion ; f the branches short, spatulate, oblong, or oval-lanceolate, 
sercals te; Hx (middle-sized) iot lca Po ae of the obovate 
olucre linear-subulate, _ somewhat equal, num B nint. $ series, 


n 
racer r more commonly paniculate or corymbose at the summit. 
Cauline leaves 4-6 inches long, an inch or less in width, of a rigid texture, 
w d not lucid, wi S 


7ps in the foliage, while nvolner &c. are very 


the rays, 
by Elliott. have never observed the ces sea B aio’ as descri 


—_— 63. A. puniceus (Linn. E eG hispid, stout, paniculate above ; leaves 
long. lateselasping b ng ‘by a more or less auriculate base, acuminate, 
‘the 1 us 


ow 
s ph es; "s -a ice a narrowly hs ip She 
ee e acute, loose, equal, in about 2 series, as as the E- 
M e E a few of the exterior porsie, y rie the terminal 
heads) often broader, more foliaceous (linear- -lanceolate) and_bracteolate ; 
ie x de 
X x 


ASTER. COMPOSIT X. 141 


rays numerous, showy.—Linn.! hort. Cli 408, . 9. p. 875; ess 
Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. pn Michz.! fl. 2. (s s Wd apes 5 
Pursh! fl. 9. p. 554; Hook. ! jl. Bor. dae 2. p. 10; Darli ingi. i ! yu Cest. - 
465; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 236. A. Americanus lutifoliue, puniceis caulibus, 
Lugd. p. 649, t. 651. A. hispidus & A. amoenus, Lam. dict. 1. p. 
} di es; wi 


i et . pu 
Lindl. bot. m. t. 163 36) : in aun size of de heads pies ng A. Nov ake n- 
pn apana when scattered; € considerably smaller; i eeomdir- very 
and corymbose-paniculate: the leaves varying from rather nar- 
iain, eere to o oblong-lanceolate or oblong, or the lower € even obovate- 
oblong ; either narrowed n e base, or cordate-clasping ; ; the teeth scat- 
ere mo. — 


8. firmus : stem deir stout, often lg ca smooth and glabrous below, 
lightly hai 


towards the summit s g rie either p es or in a 

leaves moderately or slightly Peru. fia above; exterior scales of the in 

cre rather broader and more foliaceous ; " m Wide "LA. ri in 
C. 


Nees, Ast. p. 66 (v. sp. in irt. Berol.) ; DC. prodr. P ,935, excl. syn. 
Ell! A. vimineus, Lindl. ! in — - Bor.-Am. l. c. in part. (Lake 
- Tod. 


Y vimineus : stem 
hispid in lines near the su mie Send along the aennchess raves lanceolate 


pack varying som aviar. in appearance when it grows in wet 
; vimineus 


he A. luxurians 5. Lindl. ! in Hook. fl. Bor.- Am. l. c. (Canada, Mrs. b 
cival!) to be a state of this pu leaves are ordinarily pretty large 
and uniform. The rays are numerous, rather large, ines e gi 


in shade to pale eric de did ena urning purplish or brownish; the 
nia minutely and sparsely pubescent. ` 
64. A. prenanthoides poh 2 sone ) : stem pubescent or hirsute abo 


decurrent lines, ulate-corymbose at the summit; leaves 
_ceolate ms iore enel tadlbaby seria) dia IR AUR MNA 


y 


142 COMPOSIT E. ASTER. 


upper scabrous; heads on short and rather rigid spreading peduncles ; 
te of the obovoid ‘involucre narrowly linear, acute or a — er 
imbricated i in 3 or 4 series, with Wiper a tages ng ——— ummits 
Muhl. ! illd. spec. 3. pP 2046; Per. - 2. p. 446; Nees, pus p. "m 
aia: 


p.4 C. . 934. 
- scaber : stem spars ely ro cbc keene or even hispid above; leaves 
less conspicuously attenuate towards the base, the upper surface very 
scabro 


oist w 
Kentucky ! and a Arya fusion the Alleghany Mountains 
Chester, Pennsylvania, Darlington, Mr. Townsend! (in herb. Hook.) S tes 
-Nov.—Stem 1-4 feet high, angled, rather bius idea pubescent ipee 
decurrent lines, or iey glabrous below, bearing few or numerous pretty 
large heads, in a terminal loose and expanding, simple or peste or some- 
embran 


- rym 

veiny, A green above, pale npn and frequently a little hairy along 

the drib ; the lower cauline 5-6, or even 8-10, inc long, the attenuate 
he i dilated an 


nearly white; the disk turning pun lish. Achenia narrow, slightly cunei- 
form, a little narrowed at the su mmit, "pcd at the base as if somewhat 
stipitate, scabrous-pubescent. Pappus unequal.—A very marked species, 

es 


from dried sp - lt has never fou way in e gardens, and 
appears o par botanists ; yet, it is not uncommon within ex 
geographical range w e given. Distinct as the species certainly is, 
var. 8. (as Dr. n bd iu noticed) makes a near approach to A. peer 9 
and a a hybrid between the two. 
65. A. mutatus: stem hai iry, ot ees Beer hiya B the branches simple, 
igiate, glandular-pubescent at the s mit, terminated by single heads; 


leaves biibtiicdus) lanceolate, ides die, slightly and remotely s serrate, 
pubescent both sides » par tly vanos, the DAE clasping by a broad base; 
scales of the hemispherical involucre narrowly linear-lanceolate, "o acute, 
foliaceous, loose, nearly in a single series, as pt as the X A nume- 
rous.—4A. Unalaschkensis £8. ? major, Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 2 
_Saskatchawan to the Rocky Mountains, Diamond fines d adl 2 feet 
ent with loose spreading hairs; the branches slender, erect. 
Leaves very thin, 3-4 inches long, tapering to a sharp point of the 
smaller dex similar, broader at the base and box: clasping. Heads 


t as lar, n A. puniceus; the scales of the 
somewhat pubes dest: loose or spreadi 
30, rather narrow, nger than the disk. prom of the style lan- 
ceolate. Achenia (immature x obl rib 


| z 
i 
| 


ES 
e*t *oROR OR OR RR oe (ore and hwy) termina 


” 


ie, COMPOSIT. 143 


t Scales of the involucre imbricated, with — foliaceous summits. 


66. A. 
racemosely branched or RA leaves linear- "nomen CON. mucro- 
nulate, closely cesta’ reflexed or recurved, ve ery a ugh, numerous ; those of 
the branches small, oblong-iinear or lanceolate | ; s (very large) rant f 
terminating the branches; scales of the i callie pons to the most 


p.50; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 232. A. grandiflorus asper, squamis reflexis, Dill. 
j hil. 


Elth. t. 36, f. 41. A. asperrimus, Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 
7« p. qur 


ry soil, in the mountains and upper country of Virginia! North CE 
na! and ua apparently not common ; cultivated for more than a c 
ry in European gardens. Sept.-Nov.—Stem and branches rigid. pgs 
very small in proportion to the heads; the lower 1-2 inches, those of the 


ry s 
EA often less than half an inch in length, thickish, somewhat papilio, 
and hispid with very shar p rigid hairs. Heads of the cultivated plant per- 


haps the largest of the genus ; in indigenous specimens frequently not larger 
than in A. spectabilis, Slightly viscid. icum les of the involucre much more 
numerous in the cultiv. than in the indigenous plant, and with longer and 


narrower squarrose aeo 2 es, slightly vis vue ; the chartaceous 
base appressed. Ra oe e, mi habit, the wild plant BE as 
the section Calliastru i6 


: A, ay singe ue or capace: puDeaoans stem suf- 
frutescens, much branched, diffuse or decumbent, flexuous; the heads — 
at racemose or scattere d; leaves o P oi NC. entire (or serr: 
the sterile —— KA attenuate to each end, very sha aply. A at the 
narrowed base abruptly dilated and auriculate- Seems. A e insertion; 
scales of the Wa linear, canescent, in mbric ted in oe series, une- 


ALL? 
Nutt. ! gen. 2. ^ dd EU’! sk. 2 p. 353; Nees 4 Ast. i A NA I li 
5. p. Sd 


Sept.-O o ies ism Or ud ps other A and nd attaining 
the height of 8 to 12 feet, very pubescent when young, not andu- 
lar; the showy large . patens) mostly erras 
branchlets or peduncles, scattered. Leaves 1 m 3 inches Ie clothed with 
a minute and close soft pubescence, or nearly canescent when young, or the 
upper surface slightly scabrous when old, p iced to a very da. arp acuminate 
point ; the lowermost narrowed tow ards the base, as if petioled, but dilated 
t the insertion. Scales of the involucre rather 2 rigid, not i glandular or viscid, 
pressed except the sq e tips; orter the short 


bright purplé CELL). or often purplish, rose-color, ; the disk 
rpli er, 10. Arbed sig slightly puberulent when young, but 


purplish. 
pee er en mature. pies pus turning reddish-brown.— 
leaves of the g sterile branches are sometimes coarsely toothed. 
68. A. ob lius (Nutt.): stem host branched, diffuse or divaricate, 
what hairy ; the branchlets loose, paniculate-corymbose, and with the — 
involucre and uppermost lea OF ; IS; 
in A 


clasping, so the iu : dly 
linear, Somewhat T mne apprend a b Peur je squar- 


/ 


2 


Er Ea 


ay 


baile 

144 COMPOSITE. ASTER. 

rose foliaceous n: achenia canescent.— Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 156, & in 
h , As 


trans. Tog phil. soc. l. c.; Nees, Ast. p. 48; Hook. ! compan. T bot t. mag. 
1. p. 9 E. dr. 5. p. 232. A. graveolens, Nutt. ! in jour. acad. 
cee 


ascen me 
brous below: the branches, young leaves, and involucre co , more or 
i i somew 


ue a a 
ciliate; the r ones more iiinis a sprinkled with resinous dots, which 
are ejisady pedi ellate, so as to appear like glandular hairs ;' those of the 
brane hlets small, often cro ei P a dually passing into the "scales of the 
ol 


A. amethystinus duxi ah with a close somewhat cinereous 
st ulat 


de 60. 
pubescence ; em racemose-paniculate; leaves nnmerous, linear-lanceolate, 


entire ; strigose-scabrous, te panty ‘clasping by a dilated or auriculate 
base ; ‘scales vd the involucre ewhat equal, not glandular or visda linear, 
acute, erect, with squarrose pissed tips; achenia silky.—Nutt. ! in trans. 


i- 

Near Boston and Salem, Men: rouen Nuttall ! Mr. Little! Sept.? 
We have only seen branches; with leaves about an inc long, abont 2 lines nes 
wide, thickish, minutely MATE pad strigose under a lens: the nu- 
merous racemose branchlets are furnished with similar lo of a smaller 


e ar on thre 
A. Nove-Angliz. Involucre about the length of the disk ; the scales minute- 
ly strigose; the exterior slightly spatulate, hoy MAE whiti sh portion some- 
what narrowed; the innermost rather longer an ore attenuated. 
numerous, azure according to Nuttall, Pessa p Aela 3 n dried specimens. 


Pappus turning brownish.—Resembles A. oblongifolius 


+t Scales of the oy loose, very narrow (glandular-viscid), appearing as if 
nearly in a sin, s 


70. A. E (Linn.): stem stout, ee corymbose at the sum- 
mit; the branchlets and involucre somewhat scid ; leaves very numerot 
ate or lanceolate-linear auriculáte-clasping, entire, Son. c clo 
a close somewhat scabrous pu e; scales of the involucre 
subulate-linear, lax, equal, as long as the disk; achen 


p. 408 CN 

- P- 113; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 549; Nutt? ge Ell. 
l. bot. reg. t. We PE Jl. Bost. ed. 9. 9. 310; Nees, Ast. 
Jl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 8; During. f Cet. jz 462; DC.! 
altissim lav. t. 


8. Ast Pont. diss. p. 949. A. amplexicaulis, om dict. 1 € 
304; not of Willd., nor of A. Willd. 3. p. 20325 
Nees, synops. p. 20. — : spuri, ee 2 


Low or moist grounds, Canada and Northern States! to Missouri! e- 
tucky ! and the upper districts of the Southern States! Sept.-Oct.—S 
3-8 feet high, mostl urple, hirsute bos pcenis pid jointed yn the 
summit and branches furnished bes with a r less copious close 
granular-viscid pubesc -— ae ae "inde he’ pedicels pir the i nin 
cre, and exhales a faint resi eaves 2—4 inches long, about hal 

ewha erved ; the low 


the involucre. eads in a short thyrsus or corymb, or in compound some- 

what t corymbs, often an inch and a half in diameter, including the 

large and very numerous violet PU av rays; the latter sometimes rose-color 

in cultivation (A. roseus, Desf. cat. hort. Par.) ; the disk turning slightly 

purplish. Scales of the ee a numerous in 9-3 series, but similar in 
m 


4 so that t 
simple as an Alpigenous Aster, attenuate from short chart 
pressed base to the apex; or the outermost aliha eap foliace ous. ro 
andsome and well-known épecies, ó of very uniform appearance in its nativ 

nr cte but several varieties have resulted from long phe sit hog in the 
European gardens. To this, or to A. we pro eer jd A. con- 
S ance Colla, hort. Ripul. appx. 3, in cad. Tur. 33. p. 134, t. 12, 
which De Candolle has incautiously cited ven A: ph ak nei Wis. 


modestus (Lindl. ? - M glabrous — the summit and the 


A. 
ax es, or — hes of the simple corymb, glandular-pubescent; leaves nu-. 
brous, | 


merous; lan eolate, prier sparingly amd s sharply serrate, gla 
ly clas Pea pure of the involucre linear-lanceolate, acute, lax, equal, 
the length of the disk; achenis Morum t.—Lindl. ! in Hook. A. Bor.- Am. 

2. p. 8, & in DC. pro a 9. 

nches of = cory a and somewhat leafy; scales of the invo- 

lucre rather shorter.—A. Sayianus, Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. 
ser.) 2 

Moonia woods at the mouth of Spars Ya River, lat. 56° (near the Rocky 
Mountains), Drummond! | B. Forests of the Roc A E ola 42? 1), and 
plains of the Orcpon, Natl /—Stem about a foot high, s Leav 


ves 
about 3 inches long, less than an inch wide, serrate with iti oma spread- 
ing teeth; the uppermost iex m by a broad base; the lower somewhat 
narrowed at the base nce less clasping. Heads few, resembling those of A. 
Novz-Anglie ; the scales of vis involucre fewer and rather broader, 
what glandular. - ence pale blue,” Nutt. Achenia Gh pubescent, 
especially on the ribs, both in a. and de which iter very slightly. 


*.* Several insufficient specimens of "ablic ined species remain in our collec- 
tions, or in those submitted oe bain examination: we think it — toleave them 

nnoticed than to describe fro: imperfect materials, which is very hazardous in 
such a genus as the present. 


i Species unknown to st founded on native specimens. 
72. A. cerulescen: (DC Ld stem erect, smooth; branches erect, leafy, 


sile, about hal£claspipg, broadly l linear * o lingulaie, 
eous, entire, almost smooth, the midrib 


ally pas ing. e oblong acute — imbricated and slightly squarrose 
scales of the pr hg DC. prodr. 5. p. 

Texas, in the eastern districts, Berlandier. — Cauline leaves 3 to 4 inches 
long, 4 lines broad. Heads as large as in A. puniceus; the m pale-blue. 
Achenia almost glabrous. Pappus reddish-brown, DC.—The species is 
placed next to A. ponies at , NE 

L. H.— 


f 


12i s, entire, alt 
hose of the branchlets (which bot: di ien gradu- 


M 
SX 


* 


«ST 
"d 


xd 


AsTER. COMPOSIT E. 145 4542 


Tw = 346 COMPOSITA. ASTER. 


73. A. multiceps (Lindl.) : glandular-pubescent throughout; stem race- 
mose ; the branches erect, bea aring single heads; leaves oblong-linear, acute, 
pubescent, slightly scabrous; scales of the sae nen subulate, whitish 
at the base, squarrose. Li ndl. in DC. rodr. 

Louisiana.—A very distinct Species, not ae allied to any one params 
— of the Amélk section, if the inner p of the o: were mem 
branaceous and colored. Lindl. —We kno t fro m. this pon 
se derived. It is placed at the end of the ko «ehe inchides A. p 
ceus, præaltus, &c. 


4. A. subspicatus (Nees) : ise hairy in lines; the branches ‘virgate; the 
branchlets hirsute, bearin eads so “agar in spikes; leaves oblong- 
uy 3 nini Py BENE -cerente, glabrous, with scabrous margins, clasp- 
i scales of the involucre somewhat taa, lax; the exterior spatulate- 


inner "iret un See mucronate-acute, ciliate ; the bas mbranaceo- 
e, with a green nerve which is lat ceolate- dilated upwards. 

umerous, lanceolate, iive ; the disk-flowers turning rose-color : 

sho imidi i 


ent-strigulose. Pappus bro wheal Necs.—It is placed in the same 
in with A. Novi-Belgii, &c. 


an R A. bla ndus (Pursh): stem pyramidate-branched; the branches axil- 
P. scarcely longer than the leaves, bearing the heads in racemes; pedun- 
cles tomentose, naked ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, aei clasping, acuminate, 
serrate, glabrous; scales of the involucre lax, somewhat equal, shorter than 
the disk sh. prodr. 5. p. 937. 


ursh, fl. $ 
gaada, Herb. nus Oct.-Nov. Flowers —— the middle size: 
rays pale purple. Pursh.—Nothing farther is know especting this species. 
T Rs hiama us, Loi. Lan cab. t. 959 tarkat A pnis 7) is doubtless 
nt from Purs 


^ 
e 
T >  _ 76. A. hebecladus (DC.): stem slightly shrubby, slender, hirsute with a 
N / close spreading t(D) bran chee ioe. le aby, with few pompei 
;. bearing single heads; leaves sessile, linear, entire, mucronate-acute, bo 
hj à Sides villose-scabrous ; the uppermost Dv ; iu of the involucre loosely 
v ` imbricated, linear, puberulent, acute 242. : 
> 4 Texas, in the eastern districts, ee me e to A, scoparius, eg 
X / with looser hirsu ranches, nece few heads about one-third the size. D 
[e WE 77. A. scoparius (DC.) : stem slightly shrubby, erect, much branched, 
b \ glabrous, ly puberulent at the summit; branches beet i cemose ; leaves 
; ų Sessile, linear, minutely scabrous, he upper ones ciliate ; brc en ; 
H : v o the involucre loosely imbricated, linear, acute, ciliate. DC. p 


exas, in the à pam LOS Berl Mt Lu 
brown. Achenia  puberalent DC. Doa. de he precoding a 
- the same section with A. ericoides, A. TM. b 


78. A. mes (Lindl.): stem scabrous, lax, racemose; branches m 
mose at the summit ; leaves oval-lanceol ate, scabrous above, ig s -— 
rate; heads secund ; scales of the involucre. subulate. ‘+ Nees ti. 


to A. pendulus; distinguished by the branches 


* 


ASTER. COMPOSITE. 147 


bearing fewer and larger heads. Lindl.—Apparently described from in- 
digenous specimens ; most probably one of the larger forms of A. miser. 


79. A. reticulatus (Pursh) : aes aera b rece rimo. Xp stem 
branching above, the branches corymbose-racemose at the summit; pedun- 
cles nearly leafless; leaves lanceolate-oblo ib sedile; nd ges each end, 
with revolute margins, beneath reticulate-veined, "P involucre 
rather loosely imbricated ; the scales very acute. Purth, fl. 2. p. 548. 

F Sw li i 


n dry swamps of C nd eM t 
hi s middle-sized: rays and florets white. Pursh.—This plant has 
not been identified by any piu botanist; and sidera di 
accustomed v. v. of Pursh, we believe that he never o> Gea 

and aede It zo belongs vir some other genus. 


- A. cilia alt.): leaves lanceolate, entire, ciliate; stem 3 heat - 
high; heads cd nd somewhat solitary ; peduncles leafy. Walt. Car. 
- 209. 


South Carolina, Walter.—'The subsequent A. ciliatus of Willdenow is 
— a = orm of A. multiflorus; but this is apparently altogether a different 
Spec. 


leucanthemus of —-— € Leaves semi-cuneiform, incised-serrated ; fl 


A. v 
terminal; crown semi-10-flosculous.” Raf. in med. m -— 2) 5. p. 359. Ye 


mia is doubtless notthe A. eol: Desf. Nees 


t f Species described from garden specimens (some of them of « 
gin), which we have not identified with native plants. 


cordate 
clasping at the base, smooth abov e, pubescent beneath ; sa of | the slightly 
imbricated PAS D linear, acuminate, glandular, as also the branchlets. 
ie odr. 5. p. 232. 


Lindl.! in 


82. A. precor (Willd.): stem racemose; the branches bearing few heads, 
naked at t in T s tie ovate-lanc eolate, serrate with spreading teeth, 
acuminate, tapering into an adnate [winged] petiole, mere the a 
brote coed — the base; the radical d petioled ; seal 
of the in anceolate, acute, Eom nearly equal, ioc; achenia pubes- 
cet Nas T "jac tuber isle hort. Té — p. 58"; 

tni, enum. 9. p. 328; Nees, Ast. p. 63; 

orth dne (?): described fo a a Lawa ei] in in dhe Bo Berlin garden. 
July-Aug.—We have Lege p f this apparently well-marked 


^A 
med in the Berlin botani n ur but: we suspect it is not 
in. The A. j D ey 


large as iu A. ac 


~ 


uHe COMPOSITÆ. ASTER. 
miih rather firm, shorter than the pappus. The "m are pale lilac. The 
is glabrous or ah pubescent, 1 to 2 feet hig ear 
83. A. abbreviatus e stem ignit Pica or hairy dn lir , Tace- 
mose ; the branches en thyrsoid or ; lower leaves ov e, 
serrate, adnate-decurrent along the cli oe above, sm eath ; 
the upper oblong-lanceolate and somewhat entire; scales of the ucre 
loosely imbricated, eg ae ees, synops. p. 16; odr. 


P 
5. » du e Cornuti, Mull. ex Nees. e acuminatus, ‘Nees. Ash». 60, 
not of Michx. $c. (Varies M dm branches short or elongated. E. at 
blue. DC. 


aig America? (obtained by Nees, in the e 1802, from the Marburg 
x rarc T Se 


as strangely confounded this 
iffe rent A. acumiintus, ichr. It resembles A. 
el 


tapering to the base, while the uppermost are smooth an 
erhaps it is not of American origin. 


- A. patulus (Lam. ): stem glabrous, racemose-pan iculate; ithe branches 
spreading ; : n oblong, deeply serrate, aperiog into a petiole ; the upper 


e glabrous, or rough w e pubescence; the lower gla- 
; the ope. "rus $ 'involacte imbricated [achgnia panoni: ane 
EA Nr yy ; Desf.! cat. hort. Par. p. 102 5. p. 


234, A. pidas Willd. spec. sa p- 2035 (in part), fide Nes A. 
ps righ Phytogr. bl. p. 68, t. D. f. 2, fide Nees. A. - 


eav ordate. et 1 
; the spreading areri branches somewhat pubescent in lines; 
soli e let 


serrate, with more or less incurved teeth ; the lowermost elliptical, tapering 

into a channelled tus acute, hes base and apex entire; the upper oblong 

and oblong-lanceol ate, much acuminate, aes. Se below, sometimes into à 
margined i 


ile. 
Scales of the stie imbricated in 3 to 4 series s, somewhat unequal, subu- 


85. P stenophyllus (Lin 2): stem d curis racemose; the 
branches spreading, very densely racemose atthe summit ; cauline eaves 
linear-lanceolate, much Porn rather scabrous; heads secund ; scales 

ucre linear, acuminate; the membranaceous and c colored. 
43. 


ga ardens. —Rays pale ners 
i Droes A. diffusus and A. mise 

86. A. obliquus (Nees): stem gabeki below, racemo abit above, 

strict ; ; the e branches somewhat corymbose at ‘the summit; leaves linear- 

E ere ile, ntire, rous above, ebbe" , 

i ales larger. 


O ISX? xti 
à; Nees, Ast. p. 76; DC. prodr. 5. p. 237- 
paroda Desf. i leri Par. (1815) p. 122, fide Nees k DC. 


ASTER. COMPOSITE. 149 


North America. New York, Bernhardi, ex Nees.—Heads small, lilac 
= white. Exterior scales of the involucre few, 1-2, linear-spatulate, 
or e galling the others, which are linear, nearly d and with 


aw ous margin. Achenia pubescent-scabrou is, to us 
. extreme scure species, is e by Nees between A. blandus and A. 
hiemal d is considered t to be the A. lanceolatus of merican authors 
Nees boe specimen from New York, but we cannot identify the plant. 
Brus —€— leaves lanceolate, somewhat clasping, entire, 
suc ous, with scabro argins; scales of the lax ‘involucre equal; stem 
(2 feet hd) hispid, perc i blass Ait. Kew. (ed. 1 > 


* Labrador Starwort. Native of North Amcriae Introduced, 1776, by 
Messrs. Gordon & Græffer. rte -Aug." Ait.l.c.—Willdenow gives the. © 
following character: ** Leaves lanceoate, somewhat s cat enti 
— at the apex, the margins scabrous; stem branched from the base, —— 
— hairy ; ; sca ales of the aroki e lax, es e, equal ; Mid 
x arks that it is nearly past flowering when ae American 
species conditam. Pursh, who copies the character of Willdenow, = 
amps an 


n th 
that of Mr. Lambert. Nees, who descri lia es both from spontaneous and 
cultivated wh ido rod nipe of the former is not mentioned), 
gives the following character: “ Leaves lanceolate, ciliate; the radical 
appressed-serrate ; the cauline entire; se (glabrous) pm branched 
or racemo ose; the branchlets loose, scattered, one-flowered ; inner scales 
IE 1 =. 


of involucre subulate." Nees, Ns . It often 
begins to flower, accord , in the middle of t onth of June. 
The heads coo said to » wen ; the rays nearly white ; the ros puberu- 


lent and narrowed i stipe. e have not been able to identify either 
the otini s jecit of skits or that of Nees (which are probably different) 
piane indigenous: specimens; nor do we possess specimens of the cultivated 
pia 


- A. foliolosus (Ait.): stem pubescent; leaves lanceolate-linear, entire, _ 
glabrous — of the branches much spreading; involucre imbricated, the 
scales . Ait. Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 202. A. ericoides Meliloti agrarie 
umbone, Dill Elth. p. 39, t. 35, f. 39. Fi hiemalis, Nees, Ast. p. 77? (A. 
salicifolius, Fonit synops. p. 26. 

orth America: Cult. 1732, by James Sherard, M. D. Hort. Kew.—The 
foliolosus of Aiton appears to have been founded upon the plant of 
Dincnius which Nees cites under his A. hiemalis, a species of unknown 
origin. e description of A. hiemalis accords s viy well with the figure of 
Dillenius Hi 
89. A. jiu (Hoffm.) : stem racemose-compound, spreading; the 
branches elongated, spicate-racemose at the summit; leaves linear-lanceolate, 
attenuate, clasping, the margin scabrous, serrulate ; es of the lax invo- 
ON lanceolate, pees recurved, ius —“ Hoffm. phytogr. bl. 1. p. 83, 
Bd. Yt. Noes, Ast. p. 65; D. dr b. p.935. A.junceus, Ait. Kew. 


(ed. 3) 2. p.204] A. Villd. spec. 3. p. 2047 (chiefly), fide 
qua: us (Lindl.): lea ear, squarrose-recurved ; branches 
racemose at the summit; heads | l.! in DC. L c. 

Joffman.) —Cauline leaves linear-lanceolate, acu- 
minate, tapering from the base to the apex, serrulate in ; 
H , lilac. es of the involuere somewhat equal, linear- 

e; the inner colored at the apex. ern Nees. In 


arii "e pee epiac showy, 
our specimens (from the English gardens), the heads are ge and 
inde terne erui nearly or quite entire.—P robably this species (rather 


Mev’. a 2i 


150 COMPOSITE. ASTER. 


than A. longifolius, Lam.) is the A. junceus, Ait.: we have x Seem 
many years since cultivated ote that name in the Liverpool botani 
pen 


det squarrulosus (Nees) : stem corymbose-decompound ; the sta hes 
corymbose at the summit; leaves lanceolate-acuminate, somewhat 
chaning, sharply serrate in the middle, the upper surface scabrous next the 


margins ; — of the ovate involucre narrow, imbricated, with recurved 
summits. e$. Ast. p. Host as see A. m utabilis, Tini? 
ex Nees. A. panemaan Willd. spec. 3 + pi 8, & e enum. 2. p. 886, fide 
Nees ; not of Ai 


; not of Ait. A. recurvatus, Spreng. in i: Schrad. jour. bot. 2. p. 195, 
Nees. 4 


~ f. albiflorus (Nees, 1. E): ert rays white becoming | somewhat violet; 

; (tbe disk at length deep pur 

erica.—Stem oie below. Leaves pale green. Acheni 

ae piece: Varies with the lower leaves inceojate and "en 
ees 


E 
B 


mutabilis, Linn it has been in cultivation for more than a century. 
The vam from the Berlin ¢ arden has rather large loosely c orymbose heads ; 
the obovate ciscus loosely imbricated in 2-3 series, pros 


"él: 
e membranaceous ; : oose and at length somewhat squarrose- 

ing. Achenia narrow, ngrana cip us rous. The cauline leaves are 
3 to 4 inches long, 6 to 10 lines wide; the lower en at the base. It 
appears like a mere variety of A. longifo lius.—From this, A. argutus, Nees, 
of unknown origin (described from specimens er in the gardens of 
Bonn and Breslau), seems not greatly to 


91. A. asper (Nees): stem pets above, glabrous, rough 
with minute tubercles; the bra c. racemose-corymbose; leaves oblong 
lanceolate, acuminate, partly c ion ing, scabrous above, all serrate in- te 
. middle; scales of the Lipnios [t a ed, with squarrose-spreading su 

Inits. Neti: Ast. p. 8 

North America ? Describe bed from specimens derived originally from the 
Berlin botanic garden.—Leaves thick, firm, deep green; the cauline con- 
siderably attenuate at the base, the margins undulate-reflexed, with is- 


Lm 


Squarrose-spreading, e 
double series, pale blue or lilac: the disk yellow, turning brownish. Ache- 
nia obovate-cu Belg” obsoletely oe Nees.—The species is arranged 
“Be 


92. A. brumalis 
solitary on the de a leaves lanceolat acuminate, partly clasping, 
ru ed appressed-serrate in the = Ae scabrous; scales of the 
"TS . pr 


tnus (partly), Wilid. s € 3. p. 2048, & enum. 2. p. 886, fide Nees. 
North America? (Indi vi p f he 


leaves 
esent emer A emissa senos deed sopa ae eei 


E 
ASTER. COMPOSITE. 151 


base; the een entire or remotely denticulate, somewhat shining, deu 
with a mucronate point ; the others lanceolate, acute, serrulate with min 
appressed poe uk teeth. Heads large: rays blue. Achenia nates 
Nees.—According to Nees, this is the A. Novi-Belgii of many gardens: it 
has been, perhaps, derived from that species. 


93. A. luxurians (Nees): stem paniculate; the branches corymbose-race- 
mose at the summit; branchlets bering sing e heads; leaves oe E or 
sha 


lanceolate, acuminate, narrowed at the base, Slan , Sharply serrate in the 
middle, scabrous and glaucescent Saad. scales of the involucre "ood i im- 
bricated, linear-lanceolate, acute. Nees, Ast. p. 83; à m 5. p. 238. 


A. prenanthoides, Nees, synops. p. 23 ; Link, enum. 2. 
more compound, and more "hairy i in lines. 4 Nes Es, Eeh. luxuri- * d 


. syst. 3. p. l. x Nees i 
‘orth America? Sprengel. (Nees, aaia. supposing this to be the- 

A. Novi-Belgii of Pursh as well as at Nuttall, " copied from the former 
the habitat: **In hedges and old fields, New England to Virginia; Aug.- 
Ont. nio the synonym of Pursh is not reae He states also that 
h native specimens from Virginia.)—Root c seeping stoloniferous 
Stem 2 fect or more in height, glabrous or more or less hirsute with dec ent 
lines, with spreading branches at the summit; the branches et dE 
ded; the branchlets ! leafy, bearing single heads. Leaves approx- 
imate, 33 to 3 inches long, an inch wide, sharply but not coarsely serrate in 
t 


ished in s tapering at the base, and entire. Heads, including the 
lilac (at enh deep violet) rays, an an inch in diameter. I horte 
than the dns scales in several series, erect-imbricate, thick kish, unequal, 
linear-lan tolus, rather hanes acute, the base and ciliate — thin 

Noe "as tuliform herbaceous — Achenia gla . Nees 

This appears, as €: from the descrip as from our imper (cultivated) 
ines to be perhaps too closely Allied to our A. pre 


- A. adulterinus adic ): stem parcuinte coroner from the base; 
the | branches c corymbose-racemed ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, mucronate, 
clasping, smooth, the m pres scabrous ; iid of the obovate involucre some- 
what pem d rump ra raids squarrose, enlarged ae flowering. Nees.— 
Willd. e aa ; Nees; Ast. e 5. p. 

No rth Fun rak —Stem 14 to 2 feet high, bti in decurrent lines. 
Leaves ianecolate ciens somewhat shini ode the lower road serrate, 
ith scabrous margins; those of the branchlets y » sy 
-cu 


sq *- 
Wilid.—Heads mi 


the specimens are c ineuiligierit: for irme ination. Our s specimen 
of A. adulterinus from the Berlin tory deer very little from the A. tardi- 
florus from the same and fi 


95. A. tar rdiflorus (Linn. ? Nees 3 stem glabrous, divaricate-corymbose ; 
leaves oblong-lanceolate, obliquely c ape. serrate towards the apex, the 
margins scabrous ; those of | the branchlets obtuse ; scales of the bé bbl 
imbricated, ae re i 

. Nees.— ) 
uy Mees page PER ie 
peste ge BP T wen p: iban, | Lindl. ! in E La 


~ 


im COMPOSITA. m 


cespitosus, Hort. A. adulterinus, Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1571. Symphotrichium 
unctuosum, Nees! I stepped 

North America. (?) According to Pursh, it is found “in overflowed 
grounds from New York to Virginia; rare: ct.-Nov."-—But, notwith- 


description combined with that of Aiton.—This spec Be remarkable for 
its very corymbose habit, aaa or somewhat succ ZU: ve gs leaves 
(the upper hauis and those of the branches mostly entire), an and the thick 
and foliaceous exterior Sa of the involucre, which resemble i leaves of 
the branchlets. Heads middle-sized. Rays lilac. Achenia nearly glabrous 
Bristles of the poppus 24 united at ihe base, and separable from the 


achenium in the form 


96. A. mutabilis (Linn.) : Mite lanceolate, serrate; involucre squarrose ; 
panicle anco fastigiate. Linn. spec. = 2) 2. p. 
North Am —The specific phrase in the first edition of the Species 


lantarum is poene ** A. foliis Latein calycibus imbricatis basi squar- 
I and the only synonym adduced is, ** A. cæ Americanus non 
ti serotinus Rome flore amplo floribundus,” Pluk. alm. p. 56, 
1. 326 6, f. 1. (which repres a narrow entire-leaved plant with small 
heads) : nd A pie alae je it differs from A. serotinus (but he has no 
. Serotin more closely imbricated involuc ips the deep purple 
rays; in: i the disk-flow wers, at first yellow, change t purple. In the 


second edition, green adds the synonym * A. No vi-Belgii liaifolius pani- 


evlat s, floribus saturate violaceis,” Herm. Lugd. 65. t .67; ; and compares 


it ie th: Dradvecautl, Micra the former exse that it may readily be 
distinguished by the recurved-squarrose leaves of the peduncles and pesa 
"h s 


es new 
: rea lanceolate, serrate, smooth, tapering below; branchlets virgate ; 
it. la c. Nees cites 


, Some ewhat ilia aceous, lax; stem glabrous." Ai 
ages is own i 


y be 
A va varie aty of A o Our specimen of A. antaii from the 
Berlin garde n not to difer essentially ftom i s pq of the 


lan 
genous specimens of either. "The.A. mutabilis of “Lindley, me ini proba- 
bly of Nees, we take to be a form of A. læ 


97. A. versicolor (Willd. ): : stem MCA A ee dea the branches 
Spy C mmy at the summit, dense ; leaves 'oblong-lanceolate, acumi- 
ai of the same color both s ides; the lower serrate in the 
middle. upper ' elaspiug, entire ; scales of zwi ánvolücré imbricated, lan- 
ceolate. Nees.— Willd. spec. 3. p. 2045, & enum. 2. p. 885; Nees, Ast. P 
127; DC. prodr. 5. p. 2 246. 
North America, 


illde 
erratu a the radical oblong, tapering at each end, serrate in the 
peret F owers ay showy, S large tft crowded at the summit of the 


be hich ^? ne assigns the habitat: “In old fields and on the borders of w 
-ao Carolina.” Elliott remarks that the dint which passes under 


ASTER. COMPOSITÆ. 153 


that Me n small flowers, and is therefore not so ornamental as Willdenow 
rung 


A laus (Nees): stem Eae smooth, somewhat corymbose-de- 
Sinn, nd at the summit; the branches corymbose and much crowded; 
leaves oblong-lance acuminate, with a cordate-clasping base, appr ressed- 
serrate in the middle, the qo gags Mu: ; involucre imbricate. Nees, Ast. 
p. 126; v prodr. 5. vn 245 ; not of zo 


' heads 
are said to be Wies biei and the rays pere. not changing to violet, as in 
A. versicolor, under which name it is cultivated: in some gardens, according 
to Nees. Achenia glabrous. 


99. 4. strictus nei stem glabrous, strict, racemose-decompound ; t the 
branches strict, c ctate; leaves lanceolate, E oe clasping, 
somewhat serrate in tbe middle, scabrous towards the pires n cre 

Ni 


Mna imbricated. JNees.— Poir. suppl. 1. p. 498; Nie, 4 Ast. p 124; DC. 
e (excl 


orth America.—‘ Resembles A. Lewes from which it differs by its 

shorter branches; the leaves more (a ppre d-) scabro us towards the mar- 

us; the larger ped the closely ibid involucre, which is scarcely 
-Subsquarrose even in the terminal head ; the OW, elongated and somewhat 
distant lilér-colofét rays, which in that speciclllge paler, a little shorter, and 
approximate.” Nees. This author however does not place it in the section 
which includes A. drm bat Pata = stints between A. Chilensis and 
A. mutabilis. We hav E The A. strictus 8., Ps dts in 
Hook. fl. Bor.- Am. ME p pii uisus different. from the A. lax 
of the same work. 


- A. onustus (Nees): stem racemose-compound, decurved ; the bran 

la "- pe at the summit; leaves — to each end, partly c clasping, 
appressed-serrate in the middle, the margins scabrous; heads at 
secund, on short etes scales of the short involucre —€— d, re 
scarcely equalling the disk. Nees, Ast. p. 122; DC. pa . p. 245. À. 
confertus, Desf. ca kaloi: Par. ed. 3. p. 401, not of Nees, 

B. squarrosus (Lind l.): leaves of the tanih tines parece (Culti- 
pu eir ies pe gardens under the name of A. Tradescanti czruleus.) 


orth America? but the origin very doubtful.—Nees compares it with his 
A. amplexi vue A. mutabilis, and A. levigatus (all of which are probably 
included under our A. levis) ; but states the heads to more like those of 


s 

eads crowded, Beers with EA ron pale blue rays; x scales of the 

torbinate i involucre not densely imbricated, lanceolate, with a membranaceous 
margin, ciliate. Achenia glabrous. Me 


101. A. purpuratus (Nees): stem somewhat simply evaserit 
leaves narrow] ; 


the branches elongated and bearing single ; 
lat , l i + i brous ar gins, sh i the ^ the 
Meise cm pice he of gg tr numerous, lanceolate, 
spreading, entire, equal and woe Be distant; scales of the turbinate involucre 
unbricated, lanceolate, wi Mure Los js $ 25 di ek qM prodr. 5. 
P. 244. A. miser, Lam. dict. 1. p. E und on e 
North Janis Cultivated for years at the Garden of Plants, 
Paris, under the name of A. miser. ucre 


several series, not not rigid, lanceolate-trian. gular, whitish at the base, with pur- 
plish tips, all’ similar the inner nearly the length of the de dur; V 
voL. 11.=20 


154 COMPOSITAE. AsTER. 


most about half that length. Rays short, ge ae. exque. ; the disk 


turning purple. Achenia linear-cuneiform us.—Placed by Nees at 

e commencement of his Concinni: Dr. Li ie P compares with it his A. 
azureus, and A. RAN We have seen no spec 

102. A. retroflexus (Lindl.): stem compound-racemose; the branches 
short and leues single de ads; leaves linear-lanceolate, entire, very gla- 
brous; those of the branches ee n recurved, d: scales of the 
hem mispherical involucre linear-lanceolate, squarrose. Lindl.! in DC. prodr. 
5. p. 2 


hen America.—Disk whitish, scarcely changing. Rays blue. DC.— 
We are uncertain V agi this is described from cultivated or indigenous 
specimens. No farther particulars are given. It is placed between A. 
azureus and A. fib 


vont „of John arne catat: ro 
j e- 


x". but i is not cited at author or by wrissnedliog writers. It is said to have 
been b rough Virginia, and to bear “pretty large flowers, which are of a very 
pale bluish ölk: pd. to white 


§ 4. Scales of the involucre nearly equal, loose, narrow, scarcely or slightly 
imbricated, more or less herbaceous : receptacle naked, scrobiculate: appen- 
dages of the style triangular, short: pappus of capillary bristles: rays 
numerous : stems often low and simple, bearing solitary or few large heads. 
se saranda Kunth, evel. spec. ? aes: Dna Nees, nis 


besc 
p. 872; Jacq. fl. Austr. t. 88; Bot. mag. t. 199; Nees, a p? ; Hook.! 


! prodr. 5. p. 297 

dne ce Mountains, in lat. 5 , Drummond !—Heads, with 
the blue rays, 1 nches in diameter, showy Radical leaves petioled.— 
The American plant resembles Siberian form: 


104. A. pygmeus (Li indl.) : villous; stem bearing a single head ; leaves 
at lengik nearly glabrous, obtuse, entire, 1-nerved or obscurely 3-n nerved ; 
.the r og me spatulate-oblong or aes eet the cauline ben t 
à very villous involucre linear, obtuse, s aririh spreading-— 

Lindl.! in Hook.f. Bor Am 2. p. 6, & in DC. pr 5. p. 228. 
vs Peri Richardson /—Plant about 2 inches s high. Head large 
for the size of the plant ; the rays scarce pA = wice HE e length of the involucre- 
— Smaller specimens À DC.) 


/ (A. Argunensis, fide 
in oe longer rays and more hirsute 


. Rocky an Na in Ridge, i near the line ce perpet Mg C snow 
in lat. 42°, bont thin e tre evel of he sea, Nuttall !—Root wiry 


ASTER. COMPOSIT X. 155 


and slender, sending up small clusters of decumbent stems, 3-4 inches high. 
eicere sc wei an inch long, rather coriaceous. Head about half as large 
us 


aae A. glacialis (Nutt.): sant thickish, not creeping; stem low, erect, 

utely pubescent mars often nearly leafless, bearing a single head ; leaves 

spatalateblong and lan pag entire, glabrous, obscurely 3-nerved; the 

cauline small, acute, Har am clasping; scales of the involucre numerous, 

ee NM, E FRAN PURIS, appressed, about the length of the disk. 
in p? 


ky Mou BOK Ag with the preceding. Nuttall apogr about 3 inches 
high, bearing 2-3 small leone. and a head about the size of the preceding, 
but with desee d shorter rays. Radical leaves 1 e bn long, thickish, 
with somewhat scabrous margins. Pappus EE scabrous. Involucre 
much like that of A. salsuginosus, brownish, somewhat viscid. 


- A. salsuginosus (Richards.): stem simple, leafy, bearing 1 to 
he may pubescent above with iino hairs; leaves linear-obovate and pe 
ceolate, apiculate-acuminate, mostly gui veiny, somewhat pubescent ; the 
radical and lower cauline tapering into argined petiole, the upper sessi 
and partly B nie tho ; apaes: of the involuere narrowly linear or linear-subu- 


pas" Nees Ast. p. 34; : Bongard ! "d ene ig l. c. p. 148; DC.! 
P. 


8. stem stouter and larger, often bearing 3-5 heads; lower and radic 
Pera broadly spatulate or obovate; the upper r oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceo- 
salsu 


TE scales of the involucre somewhat glandular.— suginosus (a.) 
-/ bot. edd E mes & fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 6; Hook & Arn. 
Xoedos suppl. p 


Subarctic das from. the salt plaius of the Athabasca, Richardson! 
and the Rocky Mountains, Drummond! to Kotzebue's nM: the N. W. 


Coast ! jj Sende Sitcha, and the interior of California (Oregon ?), 
Douglas '—Plant 6 to 18 och high, = a tee histon, and large 
heads (the peduncles thickened at the summit); the rays 30 or more, 6 to 8, 
or even 10 aap ong, purple? Radical and Piva [ndr ^r paraa ; 
including the margined petiole: varies from 3 = to an inch in wid 
nearly Bhabious when old. Pappus densely scabrous.—In all the specimens 
we have examined, the scal F the involucre aint in n fact nearly the length 


of the disk, although their recurved summits cause them to appear much 
shorter. In the A. Unal ig i ic the involucre is more pubescent o or hairy, 
and scarcely glandular or viscid, and less recurved. "The specimens 
the Serie es t Coast, collected be Ms. pom are intermediate in this 
Tespec 
108. A. peregrinus di stem Somewhat simple, erect, glabrous, hir 
sute above, eads at mit; leaves sessile, remote, 
oblong-lanceolate, oie acute, Perot ry scales of the involucre lan- 
ceolate-linear, very acute, villous, loose, as ae as the disk ; rays numerous 
(heads large, violet). Pursh, fl. 2. p. 556 ; Dc. va a 6 p. 228. "A. 
ilesii A H 


oast 3 Unalaschka, D. Nelson, Fo er (Norfolk beris 


inclines fe: A. Dinom Lindl. ; description of Nees is drawn 
inclines to refer to A- walls dot sued fees iichn is supposita ii 


^ 


E 


156 COMPOSITE. ~“ ^ Aster. 


the same. We have a fragment collected by Eschscholtz which accords 
with Pursh’s character. 


109. A. foliaceus (Lindl.): stem simple? racemose; leaves oblong-lan- 
ceolate, cem somewhat serrate, glabrous ; heads terminating the iem 
branchlets; scales of the involucre RE ince nes glabrous. Lin 
DD. onis. 5. . 998. A. peregrin €88. nea, l. c. ? ex DC. 

Una er Fischer.—Species debile for "i sales of ‘the involucre, 
which resemble the rameal leaves: peduncle tomentose. DC.—De Can- 
dolle == ai that in his own specimen, likewise received from Fischer, 
the es of the denies are ists instead of spreading, ciliate instead o 
dn Tabir the leaves obtuse at the base; the stems slightly hairy, 
with the hairs here and there sickle in lines. 


a gc Gan (Pursh): slightly pubescent Md minute scattered 
ios leaves very numerous, narrowly linear; stems slender, branched at 
th mmit ; owed branches somewhat c simple, pro foiodrel into 
slender naked pedu A terminated by single (small) heads ; scales of the 
involucre linear-subu late, loose, scarcely in a double series, Ger the length 

the disk; achenia minutely bairy- gr 2. on ichards. ! 
appx. Fran hi. j ourn. ed. 2. p. 32; Lindl.! in DC. pr ala- 
tella gramiifii, Hook. ! f. Bor. -Am. 2. p. 15. me ME 
Michz.! fl. 9. p. 1 


upper portion, or peduncle, leafless or nearly so, 2-3 inches long. Leaves 
an inch or more in length, acute or mucronulate, se a conspicuous m midrib, 
and the broader ones ror di — veinlets or ramified nerves. Heads 
about a third of an inch in diameter; the in rein "pééiuibling an Erigeron. 
Rays 15-25, fertile, purple or pte ned iih —— than the disk. Ap- 
pendages of the style very short, triangular. Achenia narrow, compr ressed, 
s-hirsute under a lens.—This plant bears no y Mill resemblance to 
Aster roseus, Stev. (Calimeris rosea, DC.) ; which, however, has larger heads, 
r and more Aye ual and imbricated scales of the involucre, silky- 
villous achenia, & 


§ 5. Scales of Tie poa imbricated involucre with membranaceous OF 
scarious margins, destitute of herbaceous tips or appendages, often carinate, 
MN unequal: appendages of the style lanceolate, sometimes oblong 0T 

triangular : receptacle alveolate (flat): bristles of the pappus capillary, 

-—Ortnomenris. (Calimeris, Nees, Lindl., DC., in part; 

of Cass. Species of Heleastrum, DC. Eucephalus, Xylorhiza, & Gala- 
eic Calianthus, Nutt.) i 


a 
fo won ween to olere, but t hardly to bé i: ved fom Sate Dy 
Tripolium as a subgenus; and A. acuminatus, Micht., 


P ; P La € n 
y ey ve 3 ¥ T 
Aeris t ^ COMPOSITE. d 157 


A. Tartaricus (Linn. f.), DC. will perhaps form a me (i sec ised) the D: group. 
viz u- 


nd C. integrifolia: the genu laced ai. to Boltonia ur Sir W 
ooker’s herbarium, two plants (collested. at Simla bY ousie), iod 
similar in habit and foliage, are | d 'Calimeris flexuosa' r.i Dr. Lindley, 
either of which altogether accords haracter given by De Candolle. Bo 
have d and perfectly flat receptacle, a loose invol f two seri 
cales; the exterio equ more or less foliaceous. One of them has 


and shorter than the achenia; it therefore belongs to De Candolle’ ame us $ 
Calimeridei (certainly not a congener of D. linariifolius, &c.), and is pro h 
asperulus, esents a simpl eous-subulate pappus, shorter 
than the achenia and not exceeding roper tube of orolla, nearly similar to 
pappus of n preceding e which it nearly resembles. 'The two 
should doubtless be united in the sa new ? Es a8 whi mi a 
the Aster peduncularis, Wail. ! P ) 


$ ay re 

! cat. no. 2967 (Am — ncularis, D C. prodr. 
also belongs. 'T'he pappus of the latter is ASe ian ouble, and the rays doubtless 
not yellow. 


* Scales of the hemispherical involucre unequal, narrowly lanceolate or — loosely 
imbricated in 9 or 3 series: alveoli of the receptacle toothed and 
of the style lanceolate: achenia glandular oe rao heads loosely dinis: leaves 
ample, cuneiform-lanceolate, coarsely toothed ds the summit, pinnately veined. 
This section might include Aster eee at + Sa DC.; which has more 
obtuse appendages to the style, and broader hairy ac 
lll. A. acuminatus — stem simple, ss pubescent or hairy, 
panicutate- corymbose at the summit; the peduncles slender; leaves dsc a 
— = eaneior-lancolate, conspicuously —MÓ or in- 
cisely toothed above, the n base, entire, gla -— s above, rig 
fine Shin: ; sales of wa soh lax, membran ous, acuminate; a. rap 
nia erae oblong; n — Michx. ! fl 2. ; Pursh! fl. 2. p. 
poepen d. de ed. 2 p. 312; Hook. bol. mag. t. 27T, & f- 
fs e 9 ; not of Nees. A. diffusus var. acuminatus, Pers. syn. 
2. p. 447. rice phim acuminatum, DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 273. 
In deep rich woods, Canada! to the ‘mountains of Virginia; not uncom- 


iy gla a fan nie to half an inch ir dinitiie: ales o 
the path anis ndi Wives membranaceous throughout, often purple, the 
innermost linear, very acute, about the length of the disk ; the exterior suc- 
cessively shorter. Rays 12-18, elo ira bine often tinged My. Magia 
ppen of the anthers subulate-lanceolate. Appendages le 
subulate-lanceolate. Bristles o mre pap 
meom similar.— There is proper exter 
+} nor are the bristles more unequ il than in many genuine Aste: 


* * Scales of the turbinate-hemispherical p narrowly linear-lanceolate, r 
closely imbricated in about 3 series; the innermost scarcely as long as thé disk; the 


exterior shorter, zug g alveoli of the receptacle short, denti- 
culate : branches of the style b linear, terminated with a short aculish appendage: 

binate, turgid, 6-8-ribbed, pappus copious, obscurely 
scabrous leaves crowded, la Lay ety he er ae HM ME 


nately veined, minutely globules : 
-3 pethidine Brandus. (Galatella § Calianthus, Nutt.) 


| 


158 T COMPOSITÆ. ; ASTER. 


112. A. nemoralis qm ): partner -puberulent; stem very leafy, slender, 
simple or corymbose ; leaves somewhat rigid, lanceolate or 
i ev i imes 


obscurely toothed; those of the slender simple branches or peduncles 
subulate ; rays te —Ait. Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 198; Willd. spec. 3. p. 
9091; Nutt. 2. p. 154. A. uniflorus, Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 110 (stem 
simple). A. ledifolius, Pursh! fl. 9. p. 544. A, ee ig ! mss. in 
herb. Arn. & Hook. Galatella MIRA Nees, Ast. p. ; Hook.! ft. 
Am. 2. p. €: Man prodr. 5. p. 257; Nutt.! in Es Amer. phil. 

7. 


Bogs and EU red Newfoundland, Pylaie! Dr. Morrison! Mr. Cor- 

mack! Nova Scotia (ex Ait.) and Canada (from Lake Mist dius, AA Michauz !) 

to Boston, Dr. B. D. Greene! and swamps in the pine barrens of New Jer- 
ug.-Oct.—Stem 1-2 feet high, oen aec qe simple and bear- 


d, us 
branches, lr terminated Y " hea ew [Anar CM ve. Leaves 
pale green, 10 to 20 lines long an o4 wide, pepe acutish at each end, 
and ti i 


less; the lower with a prominent midrib and c aci nés strong primary 


* * * Scales of the broadly hemispherical involucre laai imbricated in about 2 series, 
oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, carinate below, herbaceous, with scarious mar- 
gins; the inner about the length of the disk, the exterior rather shorter : “ receptacle 
flat, alveolate” (Nutt.): appendages of the style lanceolate, acute: achenia oblong, 
compressed, min c silky: pappus of copious rather rigid u ie bristles, about the 
length of t corolla of the disk: root or caudex woody, bearing numerous dwarf 
mostly Vr ott ems, , terminating in a naked peduncle: jg large, solitary: leaves 
thickish, entire, somewhat 3-nerved, mucronulate; the lower linear-spatulate; the 

uppermost linear-lanceolate. (Xylorhiza, Nutt.) 


poe character to distin - wis: nee of Nuttall from the 


gg veel alimeris Altaica, Nees, € , Lindl, &e. belong; except 
ndages of the style are narro 

113. A. "(hen leaves and scales of the e" canescen 

what villous or tomentose, tipped with a rigid mucronate point; [2 
ume e a villosa, Nutt. ! in trans. pos . phil. soc. (n. ser.) 

E 

dura argilla. e Rocky Mountains, and on rocks towards 

the sources of té inel Nut Root long, fusiform, pe icular: 


nens 4—6 inches high, minutely pubescen 
lat 


Scarious a P the innermost), tapering } into & 
cuspidate point. 15 or more, large, much longer than the disk, 

-— P (ut) uie SUP NA brow: oni gga, what strongly scabrous.— The vx 
eui villous) sc mee appears as if deciduous, in whic 
case it will pro probably be difficult to distinguish ne following- 


ASTER. COMPOSIT #. 159 


114. A. glabriusculus : lower leaves pubescent; the upper nearly gla- 
brous, ae pine acute ; pete solitary or 3-5 together, short.— 
Xylorhiza glabriuscula, Nutt. ! 

With the pr = Nuttall The E er leaves (about 2 inches long, 
Pcr: Fa i esie clothed with a similar pubescence - e» di 
ceding; and the of the involucre are nearly glabrous, with m 
b vans Br sty th e scarious margins are somewhat donticniane-cithale 4 in 
both. The ra rays are di to be pale rose-color. 


* * * * Scales of the turbinate-campanulate involucre regularly imbricated in 3 to 4 
series, ovate, concave, somewhat carinate (acute or obtuse); the innermost about the 
length of the disk; the exterior successively shorter, but similar: alveoli of the recep- 

tacle lacerate : per qa of the style lanceolate, acute: achenia oblong, compressed, 
villous : pappus copious, rather longer than the corolla; the bristles unequal, a few of 
the longest pam obscurely thickened towards the summit: stems several from a woody 
root, simple, very leafy : leaves lanceolate, entire, somewhat rigid: dedi (rather small) 
in contracted Pu (Eucephalus, Nutt., excl. spec. no. 2 & 4.) 
Nuttall’s first species, Sanpa ean is much more allied to the third, 

E. rd Lagatea) glaucus, than to his E. albus. The fourth, E. ericoides, is a Dip Ja 

pappus. e two plants here Geta, if we except their fertile ra: d narro 

a baai to the style, accord in habit and character with ichi impunctate species 

but especially the ape si the innermost series of the pappus much more evi- 

dently clavate than E. e 


nargins, somew 

pose dte heads in a co ye co scales of the rs espe esce in- 

volucre sire acute, pubescent, with d cia fringed inky ag rays few hx or 
7, Nutt. — .—Eucephalus elegans, Nutt. ! in trans. Amer il. soc. (n. 
ser.) 7. 

Plains Uy ew Oregon, and in the Blue Mountains, Nuttall! | Sept.-Oct.— 

tems 2-3 ae t high clothed with MN erect leaves Fade are 1 to 2 

coming 


late. Bristles of hes pappus unequal; the in 
obscurely thickaned towards the ape 
116. A. glaucus: very s rm eod [aget somewhat glaucous; stem often 
branching above; leaves oblong-linear, closely sessile, l-nerved, reticu- 
late-veined ; heads in contracted corymbs, rac of 


160 COMPOSITE. ASTER. 


** © t Seales of the somewhat hemispherical involucre closely imbricated in 3-4 un- 
equal series, shorter than the disk, oblong, obtuse ; the exterior somewhat carinate 
ing into tudidaie bracts; the interior with broad membranaceous margins : pes of 
the receptacle entire: "Eas of the style lanceolate: achenia oblong, very gla- 
brous: pappus anie i as the corolla, unequal ; the longer bristles clavellate- 
thickened at the apex: simple : leaves linear-lanceolate, rigid, scabrous: heads 
(rather small) ia tg giis of pala DC.) 


. A. ptarmicoides: stems several from a somewhat woody rhizoma, 
basé above ; leaves rising e — somewhat shining, smooth 
or scabrous, with very scabro argins ; the igi elongated, often 
slightly and remotely toothed, dora e pe ye ase or somewhat petioled ; 
corymb fastigiate, simple or compound ; scales of the jii rather obtuse; 
rays 12-18, linear-oblong, short.—Chrysopsis alba, Nutt.! gen. 2. p. 152. 


Doellingeria pinigicoi ides, Na. Ast. p. 183. Topicpappus albus, Hook. ! 
or.- Am. Ee .21; ir A ! in ann. lyc. New York, 3. p. D. E. 
micoides, Lina "rb. Heleastrum album, DG rodr. 5 


lbus, "Willd. ? Eucephalus albus, Nutt. ! in ers 


soc. (m. 7. p. 299. 
B. heads fée dE solitary AS dl. ! in DC. I. c.) 

y. leaves nearly all Koruuhed with 3 or 4 sharp spreading teeth on each 
sida: stem very scabrous above ; inner scales of the involucre rather broad- 
er.—Heleastrum album y. DC. l. c. (Lindl. ! 

ry soil, or rocky banks of streams, from the Missouri, near Fort Man 

an! to Saskatchawan! Lake Superior! Wisconsin! Michigan! Upper 


Canada along the Great Lakes! to the banks of Black River, Jefferso 
County, New York! Po Mr i ins 1. July-Sept— 
y q at witha minute 
u e brous v 

gins, or often sparsely ciliate oiee ihe us with a Mong midrib and tw 
more or less distinct lateral nerves, anastomozing towards the summit; de 


radical ceo. taper 3 to 6 inches long, 3-4 lines wide, linear-lanceolare, 


or ob ually into a more or less distinct petiole; t 
E. less narrowed at t ase 3 — X. 
» linear-subulate. Corymb spr g. olucre ne 
glab: E ales hat inpenisiaie-i m ME pum 
m embranaceous, narrowly oblong, slightly ape shorter th 
the disk. Rays pt ure w pbi ite. Pappus soft, white.—It ot probable tbat 
this is the Aster albus, Willd. herb. & Spreng., a ici of sad bcne origin, 
which is said to have oblong-lanceolate, rather obtuse an nerveless —€— 
leafy branches, pea elongated rays.— plant has little agreement wit 


is 
De Candolle's Heleastrum paludosum, besides the clavellate pappus; à 
racter which equally exists in some other divisions of Aster, in a few spe 

cies of Galatella, &c. 

.. 118. A. lutescens: rmn -scabrous throu. eeen — ra tque acute, 

scarcely nerved ; elongated and deen a petiole, somewhat 

serrulate ; the ior aed oblong-linear ; sentis d ipio or rather com cr 

| ; scales of the involucre oval or oblong, very ro ne par . 


See " T t, 
cauline an inch or less in length, and in proportion. 
is as long as the disk (but the lowers are not fully developed, so that 


Aster. COMPOSITE. 161 


character may not be relied upon), and the scales are broader than in the 
preceding. Mr. Douglas has labelled - Spent", “ flower yellow”, but 
the rays appear to have been at most o If this be the case, 
it is doubtless a distinct Nen i x nno, it may prove to be only a variety of 
the preceding, as Hooker 


$6. Scales of the involucre imbricated in few-several series, membranaceous 
or chartaceous with scarious margins, destitute of herbaceous tips, usually 
very acute ; the exterior shorter and passing into scale-like bracts : recepta- 
cle somewhat alveolate: rays numerous (rarely even in a double series): ap- 
pendages of the style subulate from a broad base, or triangular, acute: 
bristles of the pappus soft and capillary, nearly equal : achenia amprbénd; 
often striate: annual or perennial, mostly glabrous, and natives of salt 
marshes: leaves thickish or succulent, narrow, usually 4 estre. —ÓOxrTRiPO- 
tium, DC., under Tripolium. (Tripolium (‘or p sect. of Aster,’) 
§ Astropolium, Nutt.) 


* Scales of the involucre regularly and closely imbricated in. 2 nu $ Series : TAYS CX- 


serted, in a single series (heads large): perennial. 


e-oblong, acute or acuminate, the exterior 
E dae achenia cwn compressed, very 


du iva, Middle Fike, Dr. A. W. Chapman !—Stems 2 feet or more 

in height, virgate, not in the least flexuous, striate with lines produce 

the midrib of the leaves. Lower leaves 3-4 inches long ; the cauline about 

a line wide at the appressed base, tapering to the subulate ap x, successively 

reduced upwards to so an inch or less in length, rather rigic not 

— n the margins; the uppermost sometimes ci ; » tang large 
n À. dino osus 3 = scales of the involucre broade ms io: 

uh, with a very narrow but distinct and ind 

margin. Rays 20 or more, large ines Sa of an inch long ui 

bluish-purple. Corolla of the disk sparsely esame below 

Jointed hairs. Appendages of the ne m ovate-triangular, acute, flat, 

s — oblong stigmatic portion. Pappus capillary, ne n ina is as 
ong as the — of the disk. Aie “of the receptacle toothed.—A very 

és Sen spec 


120. A. flexuosus s (Not): — smooth and glabrous; stem flexuous, 
dichotomous ; the branches d fke a ag M (large) Lara heads; 
l i k $ wer te, , 
eret: mrap -subulate, thick thic. aod f ja y uA A dc remiss 


! 8, ! 
P- 7, ichx. Tri m? Walt. Car. RN. Tripolium flore 
£M sod ichr. A, dose, E ME Tp. f ap maces 


terminante, 
i . 954. Be er ae 
Nees, Pie ve 139; DE:! me Le 1 w Gece 1 Florida! 


d mp 1.-21 


162 COMPOSITE. — ASTER. 


Sept.-Oct.—Stem erect or ascending, 6-20 inches high; the whole ene 
Leaves succulent, 3-6 in 
long; those of the branches reduced to ovate-subulate acuminate pi 


4 
un 
B 
& 
$. 
et 
e 
I] 
R 
o 
8 
E 
Án" 
e 
e 
TE 
e 
So 
e 
[e] 
[7 
[^2] 
m 
e 


Heads few, about half an inch in diameter. Rays about 20, pale purple; 
oblong-linear, moderately exserted. Achenia oblong-linear. 


* 9 Scales of the involucre in 2-3 series : rays more or less distinctly in a double series, 
very short; the ligules scarcely exceeding the pappus, or sometimes wanting : annual. 
(Conyzopsis.) 


_ 121. A. angustus: stem strict; the branches erect, racemose leaves 

» acute, - magie scales of the hemispherical amines linear, 

acute, in about 2 series, somewhat equal; ligules extremely short, or want- 

ing; achenia densely and ceret d hirsute-pubescent.—'Tripolium angus- 
t dl.! in Hook m. C. 5. p. 254. 

atchawan, and aid the Rocky Mobi. Drummond ! Slave 

gpr ant a foot or in hei with numerous strict 


megis! ut he sledile? leaves. Hea ds as large as in the piste. racemose 
(either w or num das s) on the bra em on scales of the involucre 
rgins. 


T hich is often much shorter din à style. Corolla of 


the disk re = bir 
122. A. eae (Linn.): very mon: and glabrous; stem erect, race- 
mosely branched or compound; the branches erect-spreading, bearing nume-, 
rous or paniculate heads ; pus linear or narrow kis lanceolate, at- 
tenuate-acute or acuminate, entire ; owerm pering into a petiole ; 
of the branches subulate ; dm of the cylindraceous involucre linear- 


subulate, unequal, in about 3 series; giro somewhat in two series; the 


S 
5s 
"E 
FN 
© 
£o 
& 
EE 
UE 
M 
as 
œ 
- 
A 
mẹ 
2 
B 


Ait, Wi 
2p: 154; EID sk. "p. 21. ! fle Bost. ed. 2. p.30 is Tongifolis 
aL? Poir. suppl. 1. p. el Tripoli PACA Nees, Ast. P- 
156 (in part); DC. prodr. 5. p. 254, partly. 
ee marshes, Massachusetts! to anal Carolina! Sept.-Oct. —Stem 1-3 
feet high, stout, erect, herd much branched, with numerous paniculate 
or corymbose-paniculate heads, which are 4 to 5 ih in length. Leaves 
rather fleshy ; the lower 4 to 6 inches long, 3 to 4 lines broad, narrowed is 
ale 


low, pai as 
the inner fully as long as the disk. Ray-flowers about 30, with very short 


the di y- 
RAE mito poem often shorter than the capillary pappus; the € 
eder a single series. Receptacle almost naked: n- 
t it is ma 


e e after t ture.—The A. subulatus of Michaux, 
as well as the Tripolium subulatum of subsequent re ete doubtless includes 


both this a and the following species; but Michaux’s character is at least 
derived from the present species, which moreover is alone found so far north 


as P. wee P But if we may rely upon our — = JE the 
| ium of the Hortus Cliffortianu pon their au- 
: described is the original A. iiis s (he A A. 408); 
 corymbose eee Linn. hor : 

* or omina. may revert without increasing di esiste since 
A. linifolius of of subsequent authors i isa Galatella, and peer only a variety 


* 


; ASTER. COMPOSIT Æ. 163 


of G. hyssopifolia. If this view should prove incorrect, the name of A. subu- 
= 


latus, Michx. ought perhaps to be retained for Ard rather than the 
following, to which, however, d is more appropria There is no specimen 
nder e name of A. linifoliu the Linnean hé Bariai and the plant 


which, in the Species Pla naris; is cited froin Gronovius (the Tripolium 
flore unico caulem terminante, cujus radii purpurei et longi, &c., Clayt.) is 
A. flexuosus, Nutt. 


* * * Scales kd the involucre in 2-3 series: rays exserted, in a single series. 


glabro rns; smi erect or ascending, di Fesely much Fieri the branc 
= branchlets slender; leaves linear-subulate, very acute, with fers i 
minutely denticulate-scabrous margins; the ili ion narrowly linear, ta- 
pering to the base ; those of the branches subulate, very small ; heads (small) 
scattered, loosely paniculate ; ; scales of the tuftinsiE- ey a involucre 
linear- subulate, very acute, membranaceous, unequal, imbricated in about 3 
i r than is i 


“galt marshes, South Carolina and vasi (Key West!) to «pei 
and swamps in saline prairies of Western Louisiana! Arkansas 
a i t 


ar nt; 

sively shorter and ad be from the base; those of the branchlets reduced to 
subulate bract8. Heads e-third to one-half smaller than in the preceding 
species. Scales ji ue involocre very narrow, greenis ish, with broad scarious 


L he 
pointed scales of the ventas. and less exserted rays; it is 
tinct species 

194. A. Oreganus (Nutt. under Tripolium) : stem rather tall, flexuous, 
E divaricately branched; cauline leaves rather long, linear-sub 

arly equa pan entire, scabrous on the margin; scales of the involucre - 
ee hn i imbricate, . slightly acute, erbaceous; rays 
Nutt.—Tripolium Oreganum, Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 
7. : 

n the inu eee banks of the eere m dede d Bee A 

consp icuous, what fastigiate. utta ies aas not come 

^ r our e ndeciisiss We xe inclined (both from the description and the 
habitat) to suppose it the same, ERN. as the Tripolium subulatum f. 

ees (Aster subulatus, Less.), from the Sandwich Islands. 

195. A. exilis (EM.) : — strict, slender, glabrous, with a few scattered 
simple branches, bearing solitary or racemose heads; leaves narrowly 
linear, e ed, subulate-acute, entire, with the argo brs 

scabrous ; of the branches much shorter; scales of the involucre 
tse; acute, €— imbricared in about 3 series; rays (about 


164 COMPOSITE. ASTER. 
20) exserted ; achenia slightly pubescent.—Ell.! sk. 2. p. 344; DC. prodr. 


od soils in the western districts of Georgia, Elliott ! Sept.-Oct.—Root 
Abperenty annual. **Stem 4-5 feet high, erect, ve aye slender, s a few 
Scattering branches, cick pa PB summit become corymbose. Lower 
leaves 4 to 6 inches long, scarcely exceeding a line in width, ae slightly 
al e mares the uppe in 


s, on peduncles 2 to 4 lines long. Florets of the ray 
pet tees as long as the involucrum, pale purple; of the disk Yel 
Ell.—We have Ted seen taba specimen in Elliot's herbarium. It is allied 
to the preceding, but is a much more strict plant; the broader Pe o ia 
pointed scales of the inv. ets more rigid, &c. 


wi 
ya Md: a cian (Nutt tt.) : pe stem ac ae Psat simple, 


of 


a 


acemo 
(linea lancet scales of the hemispherical Leva "detaely viscid- 
ubescent; leaves s ubübile- iine ear, some eshy ; the lowermost linear, 
3-ne ig taperin g into a slender p etiole, piloak: those of the pn 
subulate, scattered, somewhat viscid rays (15-24) rather short; acheni 
narrow, obscure diviate, nearly glabrous.—Nutt.! gen 
trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 292. Tripolium subulatum, Nees, y 
p. 167; Hook.! fl. Bor du. 2 ^w d 15; Lindl.! in DC. prodr. 5. p. 2 ^ 
Margin of saline springs, near Fort Mandan on the Missouri, alt to 
; &c. Drum 


the Saskatchawan mond! Aug.—Stem 8-20 inches high, rather 
rigid, PY flexuous; the heads (about as ee ek in A. sei iri ia 
early so the simple or dichotomous bra 


inches long ; the upper a line wide, partly cla sirtar, dee: nd Pi "id 

argins vasi if E all scabrou s. Scales of the involucre in about 2 
nip acute, with scari argins eed shorter than the disk, loose. 
Rays pale purple, Siarada Pa ca ed ne ertt in a single 
seri 


nia be a few very m pits outed 
hairs. aude. slightly sito Fa i is a somewhat peculiar species, 
but it is certainly an oe ripolium (with which it accords 1 in habit,) rather 
than an oe s Aste 


and there incisely nuiki aware phew lt states the se Ga s a ar 
subherbaceous, ps equal; rays as long as the disk (pale blue); achenia 
smooth, scarcel "me compressed. Nut PERS or 


sins: in the Rocky Mox 7000 uk seats the 
Sok creeping, slender : stem slender, four inches to a foot 
d mm iii 


lan: ip sien: tA ete and “ofien the margins f 
the leaves are a little ROM. and the rays are much exserted be 
the disk. The | linear-oblong achenia are clothed with a minute appressed 
— The | root is probably perennial. 


“e 


` not clasping; 


* 


mary e + tenes Ge spectábilis su 
as large as in A. s 
—— À 


ASTER. COMPOSIT E. 165 


198? A. frondosus (Nutt. under Tripolium): stem much branched; 
leaves “nashi t, clasping, rather ORUM Sgen ampas apice of the 


involucre, loose and leafy, rather obtuse; rays erous, very small 
slender ; rf ia d smooth, about 4- rinin. "Nutt Pus ium o DEB 
polium) frondosum, Nutt. ! in trans. Amer . phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. 

* Mud nds in the Mountains, near Lewis River of the 


Anse rare: growing imd in the water, and mud. Apparently 
biennial, with very A ei cuous flow Wers, and M pa ay leafy — — 
involucrum of about 2 series of leaflets.” JNutt.—Our specimens very 
es and the ak not fully Le e gi 


? A. spinosus (Benth.): glabrous, much branched; the branches 
rush-like, furnished with minute scattered sca ee like leaves, Mice s 
i i i eads 


0 
bricated in 2-3 series, unequal, shorter than the disk, datbesiiin, wi i 
branaceous "s geh Fie short; achenia very gla abrous.— Benth. ! 
"Tm dee scm 3) dnte 


* The "tia species reached us too late for insertion in the sections to 
which they belong 


§ 2. CALLIASTRUM, p. 106. 


- A. mirabilis: pubescent-scabrous; stem wien sparingly corymbose- 
3 ose-scabrous above ; the lowest 


bios (tse un lens when young), striat 
Columbia, ely hairy unde a (probably in dry soil), Protini Gibbes! Sept. 
1-2 feet or more in height, agnis i ig simple, eae oe with a close 
be : 


sometimes 4 or 5 h somewhat crowded at the summit. 
ticki when old, rather strongly pinnately veined Rag more or less reticu- 
serrate =e ase to the apex with close ucronate 

teeth ; ‘the lower surface less scabrous and more pp 

oflen somewhat hoary; the cauline 1-3 inches er iriure ovate, but 
the upper gradually diminishing i in size, all but = Teide closely sessile, 
he branches similar bu uch Mei iq obtuse, 
west cauline aon into a l 
oma round ; peg lo | bei ia er = 
1 . Involucre minutely 'ubes 

coriaceous in in texture, 


yw 


f 


f 


— COMPOSITE. ASTER. 


closely imbricated, with rather short, but conspicuous, squarrose or roflexed ? 
ob tee tips. ays large, thrice ^; len gth o of the involucre, blue 
chenia narrow a nd slender, many-striate, somewhat shorter Sion «^. 
dis Fiber rigid (brownish or ferrugino Kw unequal pappus; the innermost 
bristles of which are manifestly thickened towards the apex. Appendages `; 
of D. This v n Seien and at length recurved or re exed, as in 
hi eresti i 


racter an apy earance between sod roup and our subgenus alliastrum. 
We C 
lina, who collected it at Columbia ain the ear 1 e De commixta, 
. . i 
to have a squarrose involucre, has (fide descer. por o cog ance and . 
c cor 


nd an involucre resembling 2 toaetophyut, as long as the disk; the ` 

scales oblong-la ect acute his species should be placed at ~ 

the commencement of the section Callaiun, before A. Radula. T 
$ 3. AsTER proper, Subdiv. Concinni, p. 115. . 


131. A. gracilentus : very smooth peri DOTS E d — "8 3 
strict, simple, loosely paniculate or somewhat corymbos the summit; 
cauline leaves linear, elongated, eh see bp rn ‘dupa clasp- 

P or acuminate; t lowe r coarsely toothed or incised above the 
middle, the upper entire; those of the branches and br anchlets Mi Bao small 


E 
«a 


É 

shorter than the disk) closely imbricated in 3 or 4 eor appressed, tance 2 

^ late, ac es the exterior very short; achenia glabro 

ics Lincolnton, North Carolina, Mr. M. A. Curtis der SER rigid, purple, 2-3 

t feet highs pas eas only at = summit; the branches oon branchlets slender, 
spreading, terminated by solitary he ads, which are smaller than in m 


a A. levis. 
wide, 1-nerved, beg peticulate-vein ed, somewhat shining above, very 


MEUS 


vis, ve serie’ this species from a single speci iod 
which i is béwerer s0 reni ahs that it is scarcely liable to be coniubá 
with any other. 


27. ERIGERON. Linn. (excl. spec. bs. Nutt. gen. 2. p. 146. 
: ! Erigeron, Stenactis, & Phalacroloma, DC.; and also Polyactidium? & Heterocheeta? 
ts 


Heads mostly hemispherical, many flowered ; the ray-flowers very nu ume- 
Fo rous and usually in more than one series, pistillate ; those of the disk tubular, 
perfect; or some of the exterior (rather transformed ray-flowers) filiform- 
tubular and truncate, pistillate. Scales of the involucre mostly equal, n 
_ row, in a single or somewhat double series. Receptacle flat, naked, pu 

e w scrobiculate. Appendages of the style very short and obtuse. 

. . compressed, usually pubescent, MID with 2 lateral nerves. Pappus # 
oo Dn qe vv (2-0) asume 


kt QE 
B d: h x s z^ 


ERIGERON. COMPOSITE. 167 


often with minute sete intermixed or forming an indistinct outer series, or 
sometimes with a distinct and short, squamellate-subulate or setaceous (or 
+ somewhat coroniform) exterior pappus ; the inner rarely wanting in the ray. 
—Hlerbs, or rarely suffrutescent plants; with entire, toothed, or lobed leaves. 
Heads solitary, corymbose, or paniculate. Rays white, blue, or purple. 


* 


It appears to us oem to effect generic divisions among these plants, by 
characters derived from the single or double series of rays, or from the simple or 
double pappus, or pues any combination of these. The c aracttrs of our sections, 

e 


s 
naked receptacle: the same ohare ers also distinguis sh it from Aster; but the Alpi- 
* genous prism stone connect the two genera. 


: $1. Rays in several series, shorter than the involucre: pappus jia : ache- 
nia 9-nerved : corolla of the disk mostly 4-toothed: annual or biennial 
E herbs: heads very small, cylindrical.—C xxorvs, Nutt. 


E. Canadense (Linn.): stem erect, hispid, or sometimes nearly gla- 

Vii, paniculately very much branehed above; leaves CHR 
mostly vius eed de esed. heads sen T numerous, 
culate or what osely disposed on the bra Preis sys (rite) 
— longor than tse Pappus; achenia oblong, Ere hispid.— 
spec. 63 ; Fl. Dan. roe Michz. ! fl. 2. Lean 
148; ook. ! fl. Bor. ap 2. p. 20; Darlingt.! A. ‘Cost 471; — 
prodr. 5. p. 989. E. pusillum, Nutt. ! EL e (a Soca ei) Senee 
ciliatus, Walt. J 

elds and waste or open places; Canada! and Saskatchawan! throughout = 
the United States! to Texas! and in Oregon! Also apparently indigenous 
to almost every part of the world, and naturalized in Europe. July-Oct.— 


s 


ray many times shorter than the tube. Corolla of the disk (perhaps always?) 
4-toothed. ical leaves often pinnately incised or lobed.—Horse-weed. 
eed. 


- E. divaricatum (Michx. ): decumbent, diffuse, and very much branched, ~.. 
"se branchlets fastigiate, strigose-hirsute and often somewhat hispid; leaves 
line subulate ; heads small, loosely paniculate-corymbose ; rays is 
not or than the pappus; achenia oblong, ra glabrous.—Michz.! fl. 2. 

223 


p.1 rsh! fl-2. p. 534; Nutt. l. c- 3D : 
Throug out the Western States, from Illinois! and Upper Missouri ! to 
ceris qua along the ppi; in V milar situations with the preceding, 


flowering aaa: the dices summer.—Plant rarely exceeding 6 inches in - 
height, but very diffuse, at length spreading out one or two feet in width. 
$2. Rays crowded or in. two or more series, longer than as involucre : pap- 
i v p or sometimes with minute sete intermixed or forming an indis- : 
series: achenia 9-nerved : mostly Piel Rvs E 
e (angen & med een DC. excl. spec-) 


Kem. aotem (alini cine Mee scapes bearing a single head: leaves. $ 

* misi def a dido pistillate flowers all ligulate. hee 
Bsc Sad pte e due sg veil ono ^ 

TR E TÉ g E 3 


a 


168 COMPOSITE. EnicERON. 


naked or with a few linear bractsg rays twice the length of the involucre ; 
achenia hirsute; pappus bispid-seahrous, as long as the corolla of the disk.— 
Pursh! fl. 2 . p. 535; Hook. ! ! fl. Bor.-Am = p. 1T (var P. E yika 
in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 32, & in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l.c.; DC. 
prodr. e p.988. Cineraria Lewisi, Richards. ! appz: Frankl. jour. ed. 
2. p. 
ges maller ; leaves pene: the We ocv very short, 3-lobed.—E. com- 


positum, Hoo. k. in Linn. t - 14. p. 3 
Interior of Drea: on di paris of hr Kooskoosky! Flat Head River! 
&c., and on the k i npe Also t of the mountains between lat. 


64°, and the Arctic Sea, Richardso B. pus coast and MER June- 

Ju uly. —Scapes 2-6 inches high, sl leafy near the base. Head large; the 

bia white - Lan e pink. Bristles of the pappus about 15, with a few minute 
terposed 


4. E.t topi m (Hook.): hirsute ; leaves on long petioles, 3-cleft ; the seg- 
ments short, entire, or nus lateral often du ‘scapes near ly n naked; rays 
twice the length of the very hirs volucre ; achenia minute y hair y; 

or.- 


poppet rig ey age as long as és secede of the disk.— Hook. ! 
Am. 2. p. 1 


Rocky Mountains, Drum —Resembles the preceding; the heads 
about the same size. Leaves Miche fleshy. 


. E. pedatum (Nutt.): somewhat glabrous; — on slender sparsely 
ciliat te-hispid agp A -parted; the segments linear, obtuse, entire, or the 
lateral 2-lobed o ed; scapes naked; ra s locfie*] than the scarcely 


hirsute jirvoliacee;! ac me minutely hec ; pappus hispid-scabrous.— 


. Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. 


Oregon, on the gravel ee of small redii to the east of Walla-wallah, 
Nuttall !—Resembles E. trifidum; but the leaves are glabrous, except the - 
strongly ciliate petioles, and € lobes more slender; the heads are scarcely 
half the size, and in hat gla abrous. NS glabrous, 2-3 
inches high. Rays seda cedro » nearly in a single series 


6. E. radicatum (Hook. ): minutely hirsute and somewhat canescent ; 
leaves re: tulate, sil ara thick or fles scapes with one or two 
e 


_— iaa airy ; Minus of the orem few, scabrous, shorter than 
the orare Jl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 17, t. 122; Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. _ 
phil. soc 
Near Pieds Lake in the Rocky Mountains, Drummond! and in tlie 
Blue Mountains of Oregon, Nuttall !—Leaves nearly sessile, glabrous when 
old, less than an inch songs clustered. Scapes 2 or 3 inches "E Heads 
smaller than in E. uniflorum; the rays spreading, white 


8. E. nanum (Nutt.): canescently hirsute ; leaves sity linear, and 
slightly spatulate, scarcely obtuse; scapes na ked above; rays scarcely twice 
hi see deg 


pappus Am the length of the corolla, bitii-scihrone er DRE in trans 


Nbre Mountains, in about lat. 42°, Nuttall !—Leaves in a —_ rang 

1-2 inches long, scarcely half a line wide, somewhat piteli. apes t Toa 

inches long, tome n ntose-pubescent.—'* Resembles the preceding; but has | "" 

hirsute haves epi and a different achenium and pappus." Nutt. 
8. E. lanatum (Hook.): very woolly ; leaves sque petiole entire, 

Os Vict ermost often 3-lobed or toothed ae lbs Split, ac mostly leafless; 


eA pire d as the corolla : 
aeu d. 17, 121; 37 DC. prodr 7. (mant.) p- 275. — ui 


- 


ERIGERON. | | COMPOSITE. 169 


Summits of the Rocky Mountains, was lat. 52° and 56°, Drummond ! 
—Scapes about 3 inches high. Head much larger than in E. uniflorum; 
the rays white or rarely tinged with om at 


* * Somewhat tid (subalpine) species: stems mostly short, leafy, bearing one or 
few heads: leaves entire : the inner series of pistillate flowers often filiform-tubular, 
truncate. me uc Cass.) 


9. E. uniflorum (Linn.): stem short, bearing a single bead; leaves hir- 
sute ; the sae lanceolate or linear; the radical ones spatulate ate and be- 
coming somewhat glabrous; quo flowers nearly all ligulate ; the rays 
somewhat dol "obs the length of the m a UOI involucre.— 
Linn.! spec. 9. p. 8 1 f. ge. t. 9, f.3 - Bor.- Am d p. 
17. E.alpinum, Pur sh, fl. 2. p. 532. Y han rA De. ! prodr. 5. p. 
290. E. pulchellum $. b eicere "T l.c. p.987. EK. humile, 
Graham, in Edinb. phil. jour. 1828. p. 1 

Arctic shore tnd islands from Greenland to Behring’s Straits and Una 
laschka! Summits of the Rocky Mountains, Drummond ! Labr ador | — The 
involucre and its dense woolly orae are "usually purple in bo: American 
specimens, as they frequently are in the European. are minute 
ply. squamellate sete mixed with the longer bristles of the pappus, 
Which are sometimes so copious as to form an indistinct outer series, in this 
species, and also in E. alpinum and E. grandiflorum 

randiflorum (Hook.): very hirsute; caudex thick ; stems short, 
bearing a single head; radical leaves oblong-spatulate ; the cauline oval- 
tenbeciate : pistillate flowers all ligulate; the rays spreading, te the 
gs of thg very densely woolly Svor — Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 


t. 123. 

Samaks of the Rock sy Mountains, Drummond !—Stems 4-6 inches high. 
Heads very large for the size of the plant. Scales of the involucre with pur- 
pa and naked tpe; the woolly covering white. Rays white or eee 

oppe e? 


. E. alpinum P somewhat hirsute ; stem somewhat praese. 
tinh one or few heads; leaves lanceolate ; the radical —- spatulate, ta- 
pering “into a ; the inner pistillate Soesi. numerous, t ubular-filiform, 
truncate; the rays spreading, twice the length of the hirsute esc pap- 
pe the Gig as bus as the corolla.—Linn. ! spec. 2. p. ; Engl. bot. 

; Hook.! fl. Bor.- Am. 2. 8: . 


00k. - be 
ntains, Drummond te Macpac purple. Apparently a very rare 
Species in this Sets Ga e pappus, if it may so be called, in this 
tied be observed by C (Dict. sci. gus 37, p. 485), who therefore 


: almost glabrous; stem tall, lapis: radical 
ine linear-lanceolate ; raceme term terminal, many- 


scales of the small involucre d narrow [pistillat = mie mostly or wholly 
te]; in the 
am a "7 Yi . cent. ; ; (Lo He. & Fing. comp. fl. Germ. 2. p. 364” ; Koch, 
fl. Germ. & pour a me 2.» 1h Ek. B. 
ramosum, Wahl. - Lapp- p. 207. E. alpinum z h BEA E. racemo- 
ri SE ia : Acai o p 

zs Nutt. ! m Amer. vacas popeiblum. SEIS 

Hw s Bay to = "n “Mountains, Mbcnesine, «nd to Fort 


N 


\ 


170 COMPOSIT £. , EmIGERON. 


: ranklin on the Mackenzie River, Richardson! Drummond! Rocky Moun- 

ains in about lat. 42°, Nuttall /—Plant from 4-6 inches to 2 feet high.—Our 
specimens s from the north of Europe very well accord with the American 
plan 


13. E. nivale (Nutt.): stems somewhat cæspitose and hay at the base, 
mostly bearing single heads; radical leaves pee ud Lope lanceo- 
ate, ieri d roel at cla asping ; aes cre and t it of the stem . 


] 
glandularly pubescent; the scales linea ae serene foe go: A 9 


longer than the linear elongated somewhat pubescent achenium. 
trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 311. 

Central Akin of the y Mountains, lat. 42°, towards the sources of the 
Colorado of the West; near the limits of perpetual snow, Nuttall.—* Allied - 
to A. x i ha t with s subamplexicaul leaves, widest at the base. Pappus 
longer than the involucre. Rays? A few filiform pistillate florets outside 
the discal. ones. Achenium long and linear, compressed, slightly silky. 
Nutt. —We fn not did A species, which is founde d, we Bep! du on 


* +> Siem leafy at the base, elongated and — above, bearing a single g^ 
pistillate flowers all ligulate. 


14. E. scaposum (DC. " em denaii bent and leafy at-the base, d 
and much elongated above, vubélbos ; leaves hirsute with appressed hairs, 
Sr aes or cien coarse ai toothed ; the radical ones crowded, 
somewhat petioled ; those of the sterile branches or lower part of the flower- 
ing stems Aiea te, partly liig rays very numerous, about twice the 
length of the canescently hirsute involucre ; achenia hirsute.— DC. prodr. 5. 

El Benth.! pl. Hartw. p. 17. Aster rivularis, tere” in Linnea, 5- 
p.12. . 

Rio Brazos, Texas, Drummond! Also Texas, Mr. Callana !—Scape or 
naked summit of the stem 4-7 inches long. Rays apparently white.— The 


i. 


€ 


i 


Texan plant accords with that of Hartwe from the north of d and $ 


corymbose ly branched, utes cents AUN oblo quer 
ree orie pasat ) th [y Eri petioled ; heads x3 à 


itin rays (pale red) nearly: — - 


e bran 
length of the involucre, scarcely in a double series; gen minutely pub 
cent.— 


Sa rans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 307. 

Platte, within the Rocky Mountains, Nuttall /—Stem about 

ut e ves more or less pubescent 1-2 inches long, 2-4 line s wide, 
E i hel 


uv us i , OF 
kish, more or less pubescent. Heads few, small.. es of 
"What strigose-canescent. Pappus simple, 2 of 15-20 very slen- 
les, rather shorter than the corolla. 


(Muhl. ): stoloniferous at the base, hirsute, € 


or lanceolate-oblong, partly clasping, Max arem Ann few ud wes 
7-9) and large, corymbose; the lateral pedicels elongated ; rays (about 80) 
rather broadly linear, scarcely in a double series, “twice the length of the in- 

ight bluish-purple ; glabrous.—Muhl. / in Willd. spec 3- 
dis : x 


T ri “soft spr snag hairs ; Tadical leaves obovate or Troad 


y 
p. 
f 


* 


* 

ai 
5 

L 


* 


sg 


ERIGERON. . COMPOSITE. 171 


p. aa eu me t. 2402; Pursh! fl. 2. p. 502; Ell. sk. 2. p.393; DC.! 

prodr. 5. p. 2 E. pulchellum, Michzr.! fl. 2. p. 124 (excl. syn. Gronov. 
whieh re relates es Marshallia!) Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 472 ; not of DC., nor of 
k.? 


Borders of woods ánd thickets, Canada! arr a the — country from 
lat. 54°-64°, fide oe on) to Louisiana 


in the Southern 
» States, March-April —Stem simple, 9- 20 Mes abire high. "Radical leaves 


$ 
"E 


E ke vm 2-3 inches long, # and ien wide, very obtuse. Cauline leaves often 
ery few, but sometimes numero Pedicels thickened or dei cal at the 
summi. Hacc da imple.— Varies cousiderably in the degree of the pubes- 
cenc s entire or — — -— perfectly —Á 
fr pu d. ‘Philadel pieum (with which it has so s been confounded) by 


achenia, a and by the serve &e. Itis the exilisdo rac species in 
x abk e Northen States.—The plant we have under the name of E. pulchellus, 
. fl. Bor.- Am., is the same with the E. glabellus 8. of the same work, 
whejice (although it may have been so labelled by mistake) we have not 
cited the synonym here, — ipe — hen not well Mice 
with our E. bellidifolium. Hooker riety from Oregon, 
with the leaves foeply toothed, ses ces is cent at we consider a variet 
of E. Philadelphicu 


© 17. E. Philadelphicum (Linn.) : hene or hairy; stem sesio; Mowty 
m ; S end membranaceous, with a conspicuo: drib, 


o 
HE 


e; UU minutely hairy.— Linn. spec. . 863; "Will 
p 19 957 i. 149. 49.129; Pursh! d 2. p. 533; Darlingt. T4 pol 
p. 462; foe c. compan. to bot. xim 7 . p.. 96; not of Ell. or DC. nor of 
Bart. E. purpureum, Ait. Kew. (ed. i ) 3. p. 186; Pursh! l. e. ; Hoo k:t 
- Bor.-Am. 2. p. 19; DC.! ! prodr. 5. p. 286. E. amplexicaule, Torr. ! 
in Short, ae entucky plan 
B. stem stout; cauline ares larger, mostly cone and sharply serrate ; 


4 


H sc 
d. “stem elongated and slen iier towards the summit, very at the 
base; radical leaves spatulate-lanceolate, dentate; flowers white ; the rays 
a not much longer € the disk." Nutt—E. purpureum ĝ. attenuatum, 


iq, Woodlands and "fel į common a North vct anm "or 
à. Ore gon and Arkansas, Nuttall! 
5 & y. commencing in wipes or May in the Southern St 


- & y. ofien more th 
sins Leti aget thin ; de broad and whitish midrib c 
P edice s naked, ——— bs the summit. 
on the back; m 


om | ecatious. . appus si 
Variable as to size odd a i siet species. The var. ð. ap 
be an attenuated state of ., and like it has very pale rays, 

| shi e _know not ot why Linneus applied to this. 


said to come frm Canada tk. * i be 


T 
P. 


Me x COMPOSITE. Edora 


18. E. quercifolium (Lam.) : pde: stem loosely corymbose above 
radical leaves obovate-oblong, mostly lyrat PEN or deeply si dui. 
lin ed, 


toothed; the cauline scatter hari epe rais artly disini) di sharply 

toothed, or the eneg ost entire; heads small an ki numerous ; rays innu- 
rable, almost v scena iino the length of the involucre, pale Me: : 

actu "minutely hairy.—Lam. ill. ri 681, f. 4; Poir. dict. 7. p. toke 


Pursh L fl. 2. p. sm; "d of DC. E. Philadelphicum ? El! sk. 9. p. 
396; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 285; not of Linn., Willd. ! &c. E. Philsdelphi- 
cum, Reichenb. ic. a t. 134 ? 
Fields &c., Florid up ruta Nuttall i to Georgia! S. Carolina! and 
EET EA amr Miss -June.—Stem 1-2 feet Mh. far- 
wed. Heads rather mc nam E in E. Philadelphicum ; the involucre, 
sd the (often very pale) rays ee that Peru Pappus simple.— 
This is without doubt the - dei: seine um of Lamarck; and is probably 


§ 3. Rays in a double or single series, much longer than the involucre : , 
pappus double (both in the disk and ray) ; the exterior short, more or less 
distinct, setaceous or squamellate-subulate: achenia 9—5-nerved : perennial. 
—Srenactis, Cass, Nees, (excl. spec.) (Heterocheta, DC.? Erigeron $ 
Phenactis, &c., Nutt.) 


* Exterior pappus somewhat rod of short sete, more or less intermixed with the 
inner : rays in a double serie: 


19. E. pore Ker): stems several from a persistent caudex or rhizoma, 
e » more or less villous with soft slightly viscid hairs, simple or 
sparing Pirson. terminated by largo solitary heads; leaves spatulate- 
oblong, obtuse, sessile, the upper often hairy; the low - spatulate-obovate, 


w. tapering into a margined petiole s very numerous 
(about 100), twice the length of the pubescent or villous geait: ; acheni 
= sparsely — , 4-nerved.—Ker, bot b. 
. (Aster Bonariensis, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 528.) Stenactis arci Nees, gu 
p- 275. Aster Californicus, Less. in Linnea, 6. p. 12 . § Arn.! 
. bet. Beeci ; Nees, Ast. p aoa. 5. 
B. plant more villous throughout.—E. m m, Nutt. ! j in ve e 
j pub soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 310. "Woodvillea. pr e DC. 09 


Ca of California and Oregon, Menzies! Capt. Beechey! Douglas? 
Nuttall! (3.)—St 4 s ee 


em or caudex jc bino sendin puni si 


stem. Leaves maiii. ; he margins of the upper ones often € 
ciliate, and the surfaces of the uppermost also villou d —The mo 


ge MA a of this plant key rays of which appear Mn fa owish in dried 
dod douh, the Wood of De 


ih much doubt t ea calendulacea 
d 


Si rds with the descrip- 


ae ggestion n vs "Hoo ker rnott (Bot. 

Bey api p pas), Ds uA Mig ds de "identity of the Aster Californicus, Less, 
Erigeron glaucum, Ker, of 

e ver icum gen hs to cx from ‘South A America; but which these 
authors, apparently, with good ‘an suspect to have been raised from seeds 


deus ©) nerved. Pappus wi 


ERIGERON. ^ COMPOSITE. 173 


brought from Catifornia or Oregon by Mr. Menzies; whose dried a 
we “ay remark, almost entirely agree with the cultivated E. glaucu 


E. macranthum MS mean were stem leafy to the summit; 
Ras glabrous, with hispidly ciliat argins, obtuse, mucronulate; the 
upper oblong-ovate or éiliptical, partly clasping i ; the lowermost oblong-spa- 
tulate, i aporiag into a petiole ; heads 3-5 imple naked peduncles ; 
rays numerous, twice the length of the pro rand slightly glandular invo- 
lucre ; Edu vient ly hairy, 2-nerved.—Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc 
T.) 7. p. 310 


B. leaves very acute; heads larger.—E. grandiflorum, Nutt. ! in jour. 
acad. Lage d . p. 31, not of Hook. 

Sources of the Missouri, and plains of the Platte, near the Rocky Moun- 
tains, Mr. Wyeth! Nuttall! Aug.—Leaves s eu reticulated ; the upper 
about an inch dong and halt an AN wide. Heads smaller than in E. spe- 
ciosum ; the rays blue er in — Involucr glabrous to the naked 
eye, minutely glandular are a lens.— The variety with acute leaves ap- 
proaches E. speciosum, from which, Sudo, it appears to be distinguished 

chiefly by its dites involuc 


specios DC.): stem glabrous below, much branched and . 


21. E. 
sparsely hispid And ME to diei summit; leaves lanceolate, mostly acute 
or acuminate, entire, hispidly ciliate, closely sessile or so somewhat clasping ; 
the radical ones spatulate and tapering into a ihc heads co e, ter- 
minating the leafy branchlets; rays ve nerous (about 120), ales of 


^t 36¢ 
- Stem often ‘simple, "€ few heads; leaves narrowly lanceolate, 


baipiddle- sputitiate Ep m m, Nutt.! in trans. Amer. up 806. 0. C. 
` chiefi Am 19. 


pet 
y. E. glabellum y. mucronulatum, Hook. ! 
California and Oregon, Douglas . Plains of the retos common, 
Dr. Scouler ! Douglas! Nuttall pc. a tall and stout, furrowed. Leaves 
often nearly glabrous, except the margins, 2-4 inc ches long. Heads (inelud- 
ing the showy violet-purple ray) nearly 2 inches in diameter. Scales of the 
involucre attenuate, hispid with spreading whiti airs. Achenia 2-3- 


rmung an indistinct exterior series. 


29. E. glabellum (Nutt.): stem simple, or sparingly branched 
what naked above, pubescent or nearly hispid towards the summit ; Haves 
most] — with see and scabrous margins, entire; the upper r cauline 
"s or mucronate- 


pedro inte A ie "head often solitary : 2. stem 
— €eolate, sometimes toothed ; the cauline linear; head otten : 5s 

stout; leaves larger; heads larger, , 7-10, in a simple or Tur compound 

corymb. " é 


* 


B E 

B. asperum: stem and € rou |a strigose- strigose- 
(rays nearly vid 1).—E. as nnd gen. 2. p P. M7; ; CA EET odr. 5. kad. 
P- 286. (E. pulchellus, a. Hook. f Boron p.19 (excl syn.) 
Greene, & herb. Torr.) e 


7 


a 


. moir it is said to be single, of about 2 


24. E. concinnun 
" stems several from e root chi 
X T eret or ds terminated pe ngle heads;-leaves narrowly 


174 de COMPOSITAE. EnicERON. 


y- pubescens ee l.c.): stem and leaves hirsute throughout with a 


spreading pubescen 
Prairies and open abit Missouri, Nuttall! = Nicollet! &e. St. Croi 
River, Dr. Houghton! Saskatchawan, Drummond! and throughout te 
woody country to lat. 64°, Richardson! Also Bi Oregon near the Rocky 
i ttall! &c. and on Lewi olmie! B. Mi 


ond | — E 
the veni siepe the pica Por. as well as the radical 


d. eads about as large as in 

E. BN ifo ium, or sometimes nearly Salling those of E. speciosum, to 

this species is erent allied. Rays pale purple or blue, sometimes 

nearly» white-—The pubescence is PES a variable, and we have a full 

serie "Pure mam. connecting the most hairy forms with the nearly smooth 
and dioa plant. 


* + Exterior pappus of manifest, subulate or potenter selg: rays nearly in à 
single series. 


23. E. ilum (Nutt.): very hirsute Rus cu with spreading T 
hairs; E ! numerous from the same root, o pitose, simple or sparingly 
branched, _ by solitary wg tide eaves entire, lanceolate or linear, 


| tapering to the base; the radical and low ee -spatulate, aparing into 
the 


petiole ; rays. somewhat i in a double iia te e the length of the very 


late, very short.—Nuitt.! gen. 2. 47, xn trans. Amer. soc. dg eio 
DC. prodr. 5. p. 2 sh! fl. 2. c 


p.1 p 
86. "e hirsutum, Pur. 749, not of Lou 


pper Missouri, Bra bury ! Nuttall! Mr. ‘Nicollet! and Reins of the : 
near the y Mo ches 


Mounta s, Nuttall! May—June.—Stems 6-10 in 
high, rather stout, clothed lik ike pix Ios with almost hispid Bains simple or 
ene d npare y nearly as la into 3 or 4 branches, naked at the summit, bearin. 


a distinct ou 
e, the inte al mat about d : in Mr Nutta Ws recent me- 
is a 


; aý manifest in all the. pe imens w 


. dine: elongated, entira gos at the ik | e lowermost tapering into a 
petiole ; rays narrowly linear, numerous (about 50), in a single series, twice 
the ngth of the very | Epes tena rag hirsute ; ex- 

pappus setose-s qu ate. EAR. nm & A rn. ! bot. 


y; suppl. p. 350. 
e River, xd d ms Pew in the ARG Country” (interior 
1), Mr. ie !—Stems abou a span high; the plan 
h the E ves u : ) 4 ca te species, but 
a Daisy ; the shat 
y 


idis i | 
er than the ovary. ceptacle areo- 
tulerit pim 


v 


ERIGERON. _ COMPOSITE. v 175 


E Rays very numerous, WES. or quite in a single series, longer than the 
“involucre: pa manifestly double ; the exterior very short, subulate or 
squamellate, or Ne coroniform ; the interior of few somewhat deciduous 

ristles, often caducous or wanting in the ray: achenia 2-nerved : annual 
or biennial.—P RALACROLOMA, Cass. (Stenactis, DC. partly, excl. char.*) 


* Pappus of the ray and disk similar. (Erigeron $ Oligotrichium, Nutt.) 


25. .E. : branched from the base, minutely strigose or scabro 
stems D p mei ta or e we ciment few (1-9) small heads on vga 
peduncles ; leaves shor t, with minutely ciliate and scabrous margins; the 


radical ones epatulnte- dont di mewhat lyrately toothed or sparingly lobed, 
on slender petioles; the lower cauline mostly oblong-linear, entire y 
very narrow and n num erous, twice the length of the almost glabrous involu- 
cre; inner pappus of 12-20 rather ALI beis Ai —E. quercifolium, (Nutt. /) 
DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 285, ¢ certainly not of Lam 

Prailics, and banks of rivers, Ar ees Nutta ll! Louisiana, Dr. Car- 
penter! Dr. Hale! Dr. Leavenworth ! Texas, Drummond! April-June.— 
Q) or 2f ! ori cien 5-10 inches high, pubescent near the base 
Leaves somewhat glabrous, the lower about an inch long. Hea smaller 
than in E. spere ibas several in number somewhat c 
Lcid ^ ORA base w the summit. Rays purplish, v ry slender, ; 

n mber, but ne 27 or quite in a single series. Inner pap 

^ similar fn dh disk and ray, of 12 to 20 slender rather fragile ikrom 
bristles; the very m EM setaceous-squamellate, oli pte 
than the diddy preeti acheni 


UR 
e 


E. divergens: somewhat Qu with a minute hirsute pubescence 
diffusely boreais from the base; leaves small, entire, a Men ; the radical 
somewhat spatulate, narrowed into a short petiole; the cauline scattere d, 
sessile, linear, narrowed at the bagi heads (small) pens solitary termina- 
ting the naked branchlets or peduncles ; rays Very narrow and nu eie 
twice the length of the hirsute involucre; inner M nni of few (s ha? he 
cede and deciduous bristles.—Eri igotri ivaric 
trans 


lar; the exterior pappus shorter. 
* * Inner pappus of t Imost or entirely wanti IUE OM proper.) ` 


ae fe m^ d [s] 


7. E. Toe Qs ): sparsely hirsute or hispid wi with more or less 
fu hai guapo ú ae qe above; leaves and 


176 c OMPOSITJE. ERIGERON. 


Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 302. Aster Ber Linn. ! hort. Cp. p. 409, 
spec. 2. p. 875; Willd. enum. ise EIN 884. Bellis ramosa, &c. Cornut. Canad. 
t. 194. Pulicaria annua, n. fr. 9. 462. Diplopappus dubius, Cass. 
in bull. philom. 1817 4 1818. P cds dubia, Cass. in dict. sci. nat. 37. p. 
485. S. “agen Nees, Ast. p. 273. S.annua & S. sieianien (excl. syn.), DC.! 


te 
Radical and lower nee large. ea do or eic er than E. strigosum, 
but less showy ; the ray (white or tige with purple) being shorter.—Flea- 
ane, Daisfac-Nuttall- b the ray has no obo. and Nees, that it is very 


e find form papp 
trace of an interior: both the pappus and the achenia entirely correspond 
with the m species ; and, aree specimens almost intermediate be- 
tween the two ae mes be obse ved. 


i penu stem ‘ sig SESE roar at the summit ; leav 

entire or slig tly Msn the radical - lower cauline oval or spatulate, 
` 3-nerved, tapering into a slender petiole; the u per ones scattered, .lanceo- 

late, oblanceolate, or linear, acute or "nnd rays narrowly linear, about 
twice the len or pubescent involucre.—Mu. 
Willd. / or- Am. 2. p. 185 
Darlingt. fis p ! gen. 9. p. 147... E. lon- 
gifolium, Hort. Par s. . E. nervosum, Pursh, Wes, „not i 
of Willd. E. spathulatum, H. H. pe in trans. med. soc. Ne nS 


1822. E. Philadelphicum, Bart. veg. 4128 De dd : 
De Walt. Car. p. 205. Ph iac re aiaia, Cass. in dict. l 


EC rá em and peo nearly glabrous ; the latter almost tiere entire, 
ed. 2. p. 302 $ 


except the lowest.—E. i Toun Bigel. D Bost 
"s y. slender ; “heads = her smaller; rays e-ibblor, turning nearly w white. 
—E. "y px is Beyrichii, Fisch. & Meyer, 5th 
| ind. sem. St. Petersb. Phalac silice. a Bev Fisch. & Meyer. 6th - 
o sem. I. x § in Linnea, 14. suppl. 2. (Carolina, Beyrich. v. sp- 


hort. ge 
e Fields 2 and open ea Canada! and from the Saskatchawan! to Florida! 
and Louisiana! and west to Oregon! June-Aug., or in the Sou ge rn a 


tem 1-3 feet high, usua maller 
receding, angled or furr loo e at 
rather naked. Rays white; the tube h Aci ia slightly hairy. 


amellate crown, similar in the ray and € 


(- 


AU in a single series, rather f. (about 30), longer As the invo- 
uere: pappus simple: ee mei A-nerved : Jot scapiform.— 
* ERIDIUM. : "e 


E^ pe 
Dc TIC 9. p. 298, excl. all the syn. Stenactis ambigua, DC. ! prodr. 


L4 


ERIGERON. COMPOSITÆ. 177 


*194; Pursh! fi. . 533; Nutt.! gen. 2. P 147; Ell. sk. 9. p. 393. 
Aster vernus, Linn! spec. 2. p. 876 (pl. Gronov. !); Pers. l c. raa 
MD Walt. Car. p. 905?  Stenactis cda. Nees, per p.915; DC. 
pro p- 2 


Moist pine partie &c. Virginia! and N. Caroli m. p Florida ! Que 
Louisiana! May—June.—Leaves vari "i in per, mes short a 
roundish, often narrowly spatulate, with a r less s du bond taperi odd 
base. Scape 1-2 feet high, slender, a lit deg pu bien or hairy above, often 
simple, and with few heads; not unfrequently once or twice dichotomous, 
the branches bearing bul y 3 poni Rays white (sometimes purple, 
DC. e i i ading, exserte 


triangular, often acute. Pappus (double according to Nuttall, Nees and 

De Candolle) in all our specimens cirtáialy simple and in a a les ; 

the bristles very slender, scabrous, equal, between 20 and 30 in num- 

um Achenia oblong, 4-nerved, quadran guis or eee, minutely 
ispi 

$ 6. Rays (30-50) in a single series or nearly so, much longer than the à 
lucre: pappus double ; FS the exterior short, setaceous or uid earns ; 
achenia mostly Q-nerved : receptacle @reolate: perennial or s suffruticose, 
with the habit of Diplopappus or a Merete but with the style and recep- 

tacle pine geron.—PskvDERIGERON. ae Hp ru 

li utt.) : — p branches ‘numerous from a = 


Spiga 1, crowded on the sterile branches, scattered on 
m ake ‘axing sect (eal) heads scales. of the 


jw cum elongated, ignis E. ; rays about 40.—Diplopappus 

"en meee ! fl. Bor.- Am .9 

! t branches panienlate-eotymbose rays 25-30.—E. filifolium, 

Nut. T in trans Amer. ee soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 308. DUM canescens, 
2. ! prodr. 5 


i ag and young leaves ve 2 scent. Leav ied di in cM xig: very 
26d p Scale: mt the intoko pics -— Pappus eer series of 
d a few m ini ed, scarcely 

: distinguishab e heo the BON is tae comp cote di. 


. E. Douglasii : — tall, gla abrous,. ri 3 E y 
summit ; ranches octo elongate, mostly 
solitary heads, sind bát corymbose O eS leaves. Ae sue 
ar, rigid, obtuse, scabrous with mi E pp essi irs; those of 
branches much compas rays er or parak bout twic eng 
; ewhat imbricated involucre minutely pubesc 
; e inner verse lanceolate; achenia son 
ute and Ao ms 


rapuere e eM 


s 


Er 


178 COMPOSITE. ERIGERON. 


and acute, not ve ery ig m dee somewhat in 3 series, rather unequal ; 
the inner whitish, with a mid-nerve, nearly glabrous. Inner 
pappus of few (1520) brise dim exterior fewer and very small. 


om te M = decumbens (Nutt.): eee pee: Moms t Da 
_ or ascending, glabrous at the base, leafy, n s from e root, 
. ^ somewhat branched or atoe à at the simmit; the, Bacche V onis prek 
eads; leaves linear, entire, acute; the lower somewhat lanceolate, taperin 
into a petiole; rays bru Nutt. ) more Hé twice the length of the tinens 
hairy and rather loose scales of the involucre; exterior pappus minute.— 
JNutt. ! in trans. dos hil. soc. e ser. 
y ans towards the Oregon, Nuttall ! Wahlamet, Douglas 
Stems more slender than in E. c corymbosum, 10-15 cu long; ; the eden 
ry, leafy near ly to the summit. Leaves 
2-3 inches long, often fess than 2 ES ce the lower gem into 
slender petioles. Heads as large as a Daisy, on slender pean Fa les. 
of oe M narrow, acute, Sind in asingle series. Rays ina 
sin 


S: E. ermon queni: canescently pubescent throughout; stems 
ticum from the same r rect, bearing few (3-5) corymbose heads at 
the summit ; Senses SEIN Toa entire, acute, sessile ; the radical lan- 

t 


ate ome appressed sc of the involucre ; 
achenia minutely hairy ; exterior pappus Squamelae-seacebus very dis- 
tinct.— Nutt. / in trans. Amer. "phil soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. : 
Rocky Mountains, in about lat. 42°, towards ‘Oregon, E: ——Plant — 
6-8 inches. high, €— stout, hoary with a close and short pubescence. 
Leaves. rw Jide trongly 1-nerved, 1-3 dcus esses about 2 lines wide. 
Heads mi ized, on*naked peduncles. Scales of the involucre in about 
2 nearly is series, appressed, hirsute-canescent. Rays 30 or more, ina 
Single series. Pappus somewhat brownish; the seed rather copious, 
shorter than the 2-3-nerved ao essed achenia. Habito f Chrysopsis, and 
with a similar exterior pappus : 
: . 94. E. ochroleucum (Nutt.): somewhat a A low; stems numerous 
from a thickened caudex, simple, vec naked a pubescent with ap- 
a ressed hairs ; earing solitary or rarely 3-5 he heads; radical 1 aves crowded, 


pubescent; exterior pappus eig oun very distinet.—Nutt. 7 in 
_ trans. Amer. ue soc. (n. ie] 7. p. 309. Di Lis e eds Hook. fl- 
5. 


alf a lin 
emet, nearly sabes rit olg 
: cauline leaves nearly sil 


+ 


ue iD 
A 


s 


: ERIGERON. COMPOSITE. 179 


E. cespitosum (Nutt.) : dwarf, canescent with a close and short pubes- ~ 
; stems numerous from a thickened caudex, cespitose, decumbent, 
mostly simple and terminated by single beads leaves linear-oblong, rather 
obtuse, entire; the cauline tiges the radical clustered, oblanceolate or 
spatulate-oblong; rays s (orbit it or pale rose- reme very numerous and some- 
what in a double series, heim he length of the hirsute-tomentose ivo) 
onia oes ; exterior pappus fais soap -setaceous, very distinct.— Nutt. ! 
n trans. Am hil. soc. (n. 307. 
aktoren: larger ; eee occasionally somewhat branched; rays 
more. than twice the Pg a of the involuere.—Diplopappus grandiflorus, 
Hook.! fl. Bor.- Am. 9. p. 2 
ipn of the Platte, i in the Rocky Mountains, and on the Colorado of 
the West, Nuttall! B. Bao: of = Saskatchawan and prairies of the 
Rocky Mountains, Drum pay St tems 3-5, or in f. often 6-8 inches high. 
Radical leaves in dense "clusters about 2 inches long, or in f. larger, ob- 
.scurely 3-nerved; the e 4-1 inch long, obtuse or abruptly acute. 
Scales of the involucre s cam very acute, the exterior shorter, 
the interior broader.— The he (de is us as large as a ds M in Mr. Nuttall's 
plant: in the weisen of T the "endi ell as the whole 
plant, are p and the rays longer Mr. Nuttall pat dide the ex- 


i 


1 Species unknown to us. 
$*.36. E. (Paste) canescens : ke nd usu uin linear- 
`> + lanceolate, enti re, uch narrowed the base; the lower on lon 
a mee ; stem. sim Mrd cor vue the tallies ioa gatid. leafy, bearing 
CN p oe 
E MES eads ; scales of the invo olucre € very wc kone rous. 
een 1 


plopappus canescens, Hoo r.-Am » 
atchawan, between Ca Dor House Psi Poet Hot 
Se to Hooker, this plant may possibly prove to hé a a Fady of his 


h 
Diplopappus s grandiflorus, which is a large variety of E. cæspitosum, Nutt. ; 
bat od issaid to be a taller, more erect, and corymbose plant, with smaller 


_ 37. E. lonchophyllum (Hook.): stem tall, Lap. c hispid; leaves ne `~ 
long, linear, glabrous, nerved, ciliate; the lower ones linear-spatulate; > 
“ae e terminal, leafy, many-flowered ; selesi elongated, somewhat leaty E. 
(foliolosis) ; rays numerous, narrow Mio 2, UT & than the — 
copious pappus. Hook. fl. Bor. Fa 

a u 


and rigid white ; the cauline leaves several of them 6 dod long and 
2-4 lines broad; de heads similar to those of E. gla yeaah but in ue. 
specifie character the rays are said to be e longer than 


| 38. E. hispidum (Nutt.): stem erect, corym above — and $i 
i pid; leaves Lm temer and scabrous on the | n; the ra spatulate ; 
` Cauline sessile, acumin ; peduncles olo gres one-flowered ; scales of the 
~ involucre hoary, hispid, v pt hirsute, much acuminated; rays very nume- 
\ zone. Nutt. in tr il. soc. (n. EE: 7. . 310, not of DC. 
"sb 


Ba baras altar Nem ie ds allied to E speciosum, from- Shick, 


uk COMPOSIT E. to EnIGERON. 


m ie. agin to the peduncles, instead of the involucre. There is peed 
n Erigeron hispidum of De oisi (in OAM contrib. bot. Ind., & D 
pee. but we have left the tall’s species unchan nge d 
T Ka firstly, "ir ^. of De Candolle « will perit e removed from the genus; 
and secondly, see no adequate distinction between this psit and E. 
ore 


, red; inn us va = 12 bristles; the outer very dis- 
tinct. Nutt. in cem Amer. p e. (n. s 4311 
x  Oregon.— w per elle pose is bróadisH leaves on the lower 


` part of the stem. Bhi ts E. strigosum, but Margen the same, with red 
flowers and broad leaves." "Nut tall. 


0. E. fo liosum (Nutt.) : rather hirsute and so omewhat scabrous; stem 
sod ereet, tere aoi — ated, the summit corymbose; leaves oblong- 
linear, sessile, acute, crowded; scales of the involucre lanceolate, A print 
acute, in abou sates nearly, equal; rays short, red, about 30; achenia 
somewhat hirsute. Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. = 7. p. 909. — 

ara, California, Nuttall. ay. —“Ay very r arkable species; 


pus 
sable a the outer pm e inner of many brownish rays. Stigma exserted, 
. smooth and nearly equally filiform i in ine fen, gren truncate and slightly 
ubescent in the discal florets. ays narrow, about the length of the invo- 
lucrum [that is exserted to about that length], of a. full purple red. "This 
species appears rogyn 


lines or nerves, but the obtuse stigma appears to be an anomaly i in the genus." 
Nutt.—We have not seen this plant, sech, in peepee is ee to resemble 


' an Aster in aSpect, and to have been ed from e specimens. 
d The v edes the style (stigmas) are, we ue een ires obtuse in 
. Erigeron. 

E. Carolinianwm, of Linnzeus, is wholly founded on the Virga-aurea Caroliniana, 
Dill. Elth. t. 306, f. 394, a yellow-flowered plant, which no botanist has suc- - 

ceeded in identifi It has nothing in common with the Phalacroloma obtusifo- 

lium of Cassini Aster gen n hs) Th nor with the Erigeron hysso ifolium, 
Michx. (w. is Aster graminifolius). confusion commenced with Pursh, 

who erroneous] addu the figure IE lenius and the E. Carolinianum as syno- 

E. hys mure of Mic 


à E. longifolium reg & ders Ji z: tt i , t of thi and in ro- 
P: Lie Y early not of this genus, 
2 bability not + Slang ant. Pursh adds the mark v.s, bu but we fin ides 
- por ione cael In the list of excluded species, De Candolle 
i rs it to Jasonin longifolia, but we find no such species described, ‘nor hav 


i E retrofezum ( (Poir) a very imperfectly npr goers: species, is said to have 
w linear Asi leaves, and a mbricated, and very glabrous 
Eu. 


: —. mieden i is Chrysopsis pinifolia, 


eS DIPLOPAPPUS. Cass. in bull. philom. 1817, § in ar P- 308. 


st phir um, Kunth.—Di opappus & Diplostephium. C 87.) & 
pany Eq vhs. o4 toa. Nac is Z| 


i 
j 
3 
$ 


& j 


* 


IN 


"W o» 


Lu &c. Sees 


DieLoPAPPUS. COMPOSIT X. 181 


imbricated, lanceolate or subulate, 1-nerved or carinate, destitute of herba- 
ceous or squarrose tips. Receptacle flat, somewhat alveolate; the alveoli 
toothed. Appendages of the style subulate or lanceolate, rarely short. Ache- 
nia more or less compressed. Pappus double; the exterior of copious sca- 
brous often unequal capillary bristles, as long as the corolla; the exteri ; 
very short, setulose, or setaceous-subulate.—Perennial (chiefly hee 
herbs or suffruticose plants, somewhat variable in habit; with alternate most- 
ly entire and sessile leaves. Heads c corymbose, or terminating the simple 
branches. © Rays blue, purple, or white; the corolla of the disk yellow, rarely 
ihpaging to purplish. 

The ame Diplostephium appertains to the section which comprises the original 
species, D. lavandulzfolium Te which appears to differ considerably, and per- 
hàps generically from the Eudiplostephium of De Candolle, and is rhaps much 
nearer the Diplopappus § A melloidei-of the latter author.—In a note under Aster $ Or- 

omeris, we ure already observed that some, if not all of the species of De Can- 
dolle's Diplopappus E Qn ie it with the Aster grace Wall. (Amphiraphis 
peduncularis, D C.), the Calimeris flexuosa, € c. (all natives of the mountains 
of India), appear to form a troll niil ed genu 


$1. Brisiles of the inner pappus sige not clavellate or thickened at the 
aper; ‘exterior setulose: achenia vi or silky, short, somewhat com- 
pressed : involücre about the length F r disk : leaves crowded, linear, 
rigid, 1-nerved, aope with serrulate-ciliate very scabrous margins : 
- heads terminating the simple branches: rays violet.—IAnTHE. (Diplo- 
C ste: § Amelloidea, Nees. Diplopappus § Amelloidei, DC.) 


- D. linariifolius (Hook.) : arvum strict, puberulent or slightly scabrous, 
EE several from the same root or suffrutescent base ; leaves rigid, mos dr 
Spreading, linear, timeropulate, strongly 1-nerved, glabrous, with ve 


imbricated in several serie risið, carinately 1-ne t length somen hat 
pa reading; the exterior short, Mice. bobultcs the rone t linear, 
mostly obtuse; gs Pappas — "Decii ac narrow, silky- 
villous.— Hoo .B 2. p. 21; Darlin “Cost. p.473, D. 
linarifullus & D. rigidu 8, Lindl. ! in Dc. prodr. ooo . ieee 
linariifolium, Nees, Ast. p. Chrysopsis linariifolia, Nutt. ! 2. 
152. Aster linariifolius, ide 4 Spec. 2. p. 874; Miche. ! f. 2 - TÉ 0; 
Pursh,'fl. 2. p. 545; i i 2. p. 365. A. rigidus, Linn. le. (fide pl. 
Gronov.) ; Mi c.; Pursh! Z 9. p. 544. SE m. A. nemoralis, 


A. pulcherrimus, Lodd. bot. cab. 1. t. 6. ericanus frutes- 
a 


* TOUS, 
clustered, or pire y racemose meii Leaves 


ng, numerous, mostly 

sagen e- with. midrib prominent 

the zo ame nches muc smaller, 
ds rather. indes the numerous scales of th 


ermos: st Baie e. Hea 
2 somewhat ciliate; the inner often with purplish tips. - n d * : 


Appendages of the style attenuate-subulate. 
D. rigidus, Lindl. jc. is to be 


Ex 
E Lg * # 
23g " due Pa 


l 


+ 


F aa 


- 
ox DM é 


^ i 
182 3 u` COMPOSITÆ. -. DIPLOPAPPUS.. 


The involucre, at first more or less turbinate, becomes somewhat 
ld. 


` ariety. 
“hemispherical whe 


. margins, lonaély itn mbricated in about 3 series ; exterior pg very nn ; 


e$ (us canescent; stems branblithg from near the 


P d silisteseent ? base; erose-subulate, imbricated, mucronate- pilife- 
roi ed, 


us; scale of the Mere Janccolate-linca acute, 1-nerved, with scarious 


you ng pcos me cent.—Inula? rasan s, Torr.! in ann. lyc. New 
LA E anta uides Fit jeg bot. Eucephalus ERE, 
: 299; 


the R ky E un E ua Bia t apparen ntl y 6 
the summit of the branches with appressed Gizo E tia. -ciliate heath- 
like es; those near the base 2 or more lines long; those of the branches 


le a a lino long, dela’, concavo-convex, obscurely 1-nerved. a 4 
ther -15, 


solitary, rather small. Scales of the cre. rone: few. A ova 10 
pua s da disk, apparently not yellow; the d owers about 12. Appen- 

e style oblong, ae shorter than the cd portion, Pappu 
of Ber few capillary bristles ; the exterior of about as many in proportion 
to the inner as in D. linar folios 


de m s aim i: Me de diu the suffrutescent base, simple, 

€ mentose-pubescent, naked a summit; leave wded, erect, wat 

ran date m, rather Haid, pen Anaspis when 

l-nerved, flat, with cartilaginous minutely serrulate-scabrous margins 

scales of the hemispherical involucre linear, oie 1-nerv os I: scarious 
rgins, p ricated in about 


de IT | pe 4 (s ong and one Si breadth. He ads as 
. darge as i folha th rays “ pale violet-pürple," 12-15, po OE 
Appendage e style simi i as long as the stigmatic portion 


SIX Bristles of the i inner pappus unequal, some of them (the innermost) cla- 


vellate or slightly thickened at the summit; the exterior of copious short 

slightly squamellate bristles: achenia ( pubescent or glabrous) obovoid, 

more or less rb ox 7 M involuere shorter than the. disk : leaves 

scattered, membranaceous, veiny, entire: heads in compound a 

corolla of M disk pois 5-toothed : rays 8-12, white, or somewhat. ochro- 

- leucous.- oa PAPPUS. (Species of Tae Nees. puo 

§ 1. Eudip hium, DC.) 

* * The longer bristles of the inner pappus with manifestly clavellate ol caedi 
the style linear-subulate, elongated. 


"d 


EI UNS 


- 4. Es cornifolius aie ary iow — dibuilient -scabrous 


pubesce 
sparingly co ; leaves ium or 


br PUES. à [eras m aii vie. h end, ciliate, hairy on 
the veins beneath ; heads few, riens mbose, e divaricate Lac a 
glabrous.— jf Cute X. Del rnifolia, 


Nees, Ast. p- 181. i Boia cornifolignn, DC.! p p.973. Aster 
» &e. Pluk. ! alm. 56, t 79, Yo caule 

mes m. d 1. jcatus 

2. p. 873 (ex syn. Pluk. & Gronov. 

» syst. 3. p.529? A. — 


My 


- 


% 


A ; 
DIPLOPAPPUS. COMPOSITÆ. 183- 
p. 2039 ; Bigel. J pes ed. 9. A. infirmus ae oy 
A. hu milis, Pur p. 515 tex, ays Willd.) ; El. eg ts i ern 


Chrysopsis pele Fi Nutt gen 
Woodlands &c. from (Canada ir es ,) Massachusetts, New York! 
and poren ! to Meus and the mountains and upper country of 
the Southern States! Aug.- ept. Nem bap thi * sois flexuous. 
aves so ga rhombic robles or oval the uppermostoblong- lanceolate), 
n -9 wide ads 


the some 
culate branches; or very loosely corymbose at the summit. Seales of the 
involucre oblong- due. obtuse, slightly pubescent; the innermost 
Shorter than the disk, the exterior very short.  Achenia large, obovoid, 
Toten pope but Arineny compressed, 7-8-nerved, viz: with one nerve 
ach : and 3 on one side and 2 or 3 on the other. Pappus reddish- 
Vn; the e gn very € copious; a large portion of the interior clavellate 


brò 
" and obtuse mA very dont species. 


^ 


t The Sir bristles uf the inner pappus slightly thickened towards the swmmit 
(under a lens), but scarcely clavellate : appendages of the style short, triangular-subu- 
late or oblong. 


- D. amygdalinus: stem slightly striate, smooth, or scabrous above, c 
rymbosly branched at the summit; leaves ovate-lanceolate, oblong, or ore 
mes oval, more or less acute or acuminate, scabrous- ciliolate, en or 
> alt narrowed into a slight petiole; heads nah in loose corymbs ; 
e short in ) i 


oose . 
hairy.—Aster amygdalinus, Lam. dict. 1. p. 305? (ex syn. Ast. Acadiensis, 


&c. Tourn. herb.); Ell.! l. c. (partly.) A. hu milis Willd. sp P. 
2038, & hort. Berol. t. 67, fide Nees. Chrysopsis amy pasting, Ni ke * 1 
Diplostephium amygdalinum MEUS in dict. sci. nat. 7. p. 4 86? ellin- 
geria amygdalina, E Ast. pl 
at: stem y opcia heads tes, ‘large. —D. cornifolius, Lind. in herb. 
orr. (pa 

y. Se fae and rigid; pp Wg a — Deellingeria cornifolia, 
Lindl.! in Hook.! compan. to bot. m. 

Moist apes pee Jersey! Pennsylvania T i throughout the Southern 

ates ! 


a, Dr. Toni a, Dr. Hale! Arkansas, Dr. 
Pitcher! y ees pd Drummond ! Teacsa ! Aug.-Sept.—Stem 
-3 feet. thet often producing Be branches. L and 
brides mene ollowing, sometimes ovate or oval and obtuse, bu L 
cute or E Scales of the involucre scarcely longer than th ure 
achenia, MN glabrous. Achenia and pappus nearly as in D. umbell 


Both this and the following species are subject to conside 


E nym icertai 
ies NU Ar umbell Lati was fo jo unded on the. pe i tra d 
; enini th the plant cited m Tournefort’s herbarium), 
| DE o is said to have been y br from View 
ellatus: stem ——: ‘smooth or somewhat at scabrous, fastigiate- 
mmit ; vac yay ^in padecen Aegis un 


/ 


A gn E. | COMPOSITR. oa Drevorarevs. 
(RD mygdalinus, Hook.! fl.: Bor.-Am. 2. p. 93. D. aimygdalinus Dar- 

E lingt. ! 4 ra Cest. - il Deellingeria Fe a, Nees, Ast. p. 178. Diplo- 

.- stephium umbellatum, DC. l.c. Aster umbellatus, “ Mill. -dict. ed. 7. no. 


2” ; Ait.! Kem. (ed. D 3. p. 199; Willd. pes 3. p. 2030 ; beu phytog- 
"bl. p. 74, t. B. f. 2.” ex. Nes.) ; Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 310. A. amyg- 
- »dalinus, Michr.! fl. 2. p. 109; Pursh, dm LT 549; "Fil. b (pany) 
Torr. ! compend. p. 300; Lindl. bot. reg. t 
. B. low and small; corymb simple. M iplostephium amygdalinum, B. hu-. 
. €. 


- Moist thickets, &c. Canada! and ae Scotia! and common throughout 
the Northern and North Western Eee € the mountains of South. Carolina. 
! A 


feet high, simple b E wiki ciet pir d 
oe 3 to 4 or 5 inches long, either narrowly lanceolate or oblong-lanceo- 
i es labrous, pale beneath. Scales - the involucre (not Rs Pee the 


" 7 D. posnit v oeiee ith a minute short pubeseence : stem terete, 
^^ ~eorymbose at the su ; leaves closely sessile, oval, elliptical, or ocea- 
somewhat esci mostly obtuse Ai each end, conspicuously re- 


b: 
ct. 
e 
ec 
=, 
e 
"+ 
e 
= 
um 
oO 
I 
[2] 
B 
et 
pe 
oO 
= 21 
£e 
& 
RE 
sr 
2. 
ma 
es 
Pal] 
E 
[«] 
a 
B 
= 
R 
[»] 
c 
e 
Un 
e 
— 
fa] 
nm 


ube 
: i involucre, linear, acute, pubescent bud viscid, imbricated in about 3 
: ries; achenia pubescent-villous.— E Chr vespils obovata, Nutt.! gen. 2 P 
152. Solidago. Noveboracensis, Muhl.! herb. Aster obovatus El. sk. 2. 
s. 368. - Diplostephium -bor: eale, Spreng: s yst. 3. p. D. obovatum, 
"DC, pana». p.913. De llingeria obovata, Nees, Ast On. EP 
B. ib dicats -paniculate ; pedun cles elongated, aked; “heads 
racers dichotomus, EU. ! sk. 2. p. 366. Diplostephium | dichotorpum, 


i y soil, S. deris and Georgia, Le Conte! Nuttall! Elliott! 
~ Ch un a th ! June-Oct. —Stem 2-3 pe 


, often numerous frees: th oot. Leaves numerous, 2-3 inc 
rd long, an inch or more wide, som iets at membranaceous, often a little nar- 
g +, rowed towards the 1 ése; slightly puberule nt-seabrous above; the veins di- 
; weap at night angles from the midrib, and conspicuously reticulated beneath. 
P oe ads as in toss ber | loosely corymbose, or somewhat 
tomentose-pu p les. Involuere 
nc 


5 ; the klefot no ot ET copies 
Ese or: ; sd hebed towards the su 
dtc i sterile Sine li d; and, according to Elliott, bic ; Jeaves 
E toothed. We have met with no specimen in F Elliott t's herbarium 
the or ql ef Aster obovatus; but his A. dicho iri gh is a mere state of. 


" aeg Doubtfal Species... ; T P č 


llus (Lindl.): shrubby ?. wooll y hout; ranches 
u Cm leaves thick, ah val, a m esau 
; scales of the squamose i i à mhoin, go ed 
naked; tose sho i 


p+ 


t 


e 


E 


| TowssENDIA. t. eoMPOSITAE: . 77 v nA UNA 
y DS ; ; 


LÀ 


. © t 
d "act T * ; ds: 


29. TOWNSENDIA. Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 9. p. 16,119... 


Heads subglobose, many-flowered ; the ray-flowers numerous in a single 


series, pistillate, but sometimes infertile ; those of the disk tabular, perfect. 
Scales 


of the involucre numerous and closely imbricated, appressed, lanceo- 
e, with scarious margins. Receptacle flat, naked, areolate-fimbrillate. 
ays linear, often erect; the corolla of the disk infundibuliform, 5-toothed. 


Branches of the style lanceolate, rather acute, hairy towards the summit. 


cruel ‘the disk flat, obovate-oblong, pubescent or hairy, the margins 1-- 
; those of the ray 3-nerved. Pappus of the disk-flowers composed of 
numerous rather rigid and uniform barbellate-scabrous bristles, as long as on 
corolla (slightly cohering at the base? persistent); that of the ray of fewer 
short subulate bristles or squamelle, sometimes with one or two slender bris- 


tles intermixed.—Dwarf acaulescent or subcaulescent herbs (natives of the _ 


Rocky Mountains and the banks of the rivers which rise on their eastern 
slope) ; with a branching caudex or a perpendicular root, and crowded linear 


 orspatulate entire leaves. Heads large for the size of Kis plant, sessile or 


nearly so at the summit of the caudex, or of the proliferous branches. Rays 
rose-color or nearly white. i : 


* 1. Root perennial ; the caudex somewhat ligneous : rays fertile; the v 
pappus squamellate-subulate, and mostly with one or two capillary bristl 
resembling those of the disk.—TowNsENDIA proper. 

1. T. sericea (Hook.! 1. c.): —— leaves spatulate-linear, silky-ca- 
ent, erect, surrounding and partly concealing the sessile heads ; scales - 
the involucre sabulatelaneeoate; 9 n dnd n — wit 


al ; s - 
or two long ones embiing those of the py ers.—Aster 


pus, Richards. ! a; on x. orm k: p ed. 2. p. 


Fairs of th each mach ipid y epito. — 
er slender. irs of enium minutely 
lower-bud, according to II ans is formed in the autumn and 
ands the following spring. . 


á 2. ia caudex, verdes stems, bran branching; 1 bes f= 
of the involucre oval-oblong, uu nne: 

T sert somewhat alveolate-Bimbrillate ; achenia ^" 
Ko k { i P A 


H 


& HE a .-: COMPOSTE = Townin 


— hairy; pappus of the ray composed of AY, one EAR setaceous bris- - 
be ames than the achenium.— Nutt. n trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c. - 
p. 305. 


ear the e sources of the Platte in the Rocky Mountains, Nuttall '—Plant 
about 2 inches high, densely cespitose and depressed, inclined to pro ucedi- . 
chotomous stems. Leaves about half an inch long, indistinct l 
Heads smaller than in T. sericea. Scales of the involucre oe he pubescent, 

with broad scarious and conspicuously fimbriate-ciliate mary Rays 
wie the emis of the disk, pale hlac; the pappus spei that of ie 
disk, but shorter 


- Root perennial: pappus deciduous in a ring ; that of the scarcely er- 
ud fertile rays equalling that of the disk.—Umornonus, Nutt. 


T. s spathulata Pie ! I. c.): densely Ale caudex branched ; 
leaves S or obovate, silky-villous, narrowed into a petiole as long as 
im owded, and nearly enclosing an i Sledite nena: — 
qM eola lanceolate, acute, scariou somewhat 
On the Black Hills of the Platte, uh 19 procedinz Nuttall Apian i 
. inches high. ‘Achenia oblanceolate, margined, slightly pubescent on the 
disk, and usually naked by the escape of the deciduous (barbellate) papp i 
an 


t c 
similar, the present plant probably constitutes an allie | genus.” ult 


Specimens are too old, and have lost their achenia as well as pappus 
apa abe ot is also Sree me s in the other species, when the fruit is fully 


V 


3. Root annual, hickonelt at the summit, and producing depressed branch- 
ing stems : rays pistillate but infertile ; the short pappus composed of lacerate- 
— .. denticulate squamelle, often somewhat united at the base.—NANASTRUM. 
-.. (Subgen. Nanodia, Nutt., not of Banks.) 


»i d ce depressed; leaves dE ely ee 


: i ck H "Bil near ar the b. of di Pad Nul r 
i E : ar; r asin T. 


what d or coroniform. - ee 
grandiflora (Nutt.! L c.): diva S. tivi di Wee 
: epressed, often proliferous; leaves scattered, resin tend oc: 
utely dee the uppermost braeteate at the base ‘of thé (large) ... 
the involuere n , sub ome 
« margins, rays 25 AN enpued (pale lilac achenia mi- 
the Upper PI atte, Nuttall ! Dr. James! , ‘Jose eS 
pue UR ateral decumbent, 


ring a ingle heads the 1 "wt 
the ground, en branching and bésting 3or4 
the cauline alternate. 


rx 5. 
xt 


å 


E. 


at 


 CnxTOPAPPA. '" COMPOSITE. 187 


30. GI TOPAEEA- DC. prodr. 5. p. 301. (1836.) 


Chzetanthera, Nutt., not of Ruiz g Pavon.— TE pri Nutt. in herb. DC., not of 
Agardh.—Diplostelma, Raf. (1836.) 


Eiis about 20-flowered; the ray-flowers 8-12, pistillate, in a single se- 
ries ; those of the disk tubular, perfect ; the central mostly infertile or abor- 
tive. Scales of the involucre about 12, lanceolate, acute, rigid, with scarious 
margins, loosely imbricated in 2-3 series, carinately 1-nerved; the outermost 
shortest. Receptacle narrow, naked. Rays linear-oblong; the corolla of 
the disk infundibuliform-tubular, 5-lobed. Style somewhat included; the 
branches short, very obtuse. Achenia nearly terete, somewhat fusiform, 5- 
-~ striate, slightly hairy.  Pappus of the ray and fertile disk-flowers similar, 
ble ; the exterior of 1-5 very small hyaline scales ; the interior of 5 rigid 
" — . Scabrous bristles nearly the length of the corolla: that of the central mostly — 

infertile flowers simple and similar to the exterior pappus of the fertile 

owers, or coroniform, the bristles wanting.—A small annual herb (4-10 

: . inches), diffusely branching — the sees ipeo strigose. Ln» alter- 

nate, e ; the radical and spatulate, a pe- 

tiole; the upper linear. Heads terminating the brarichléfe) gulitary or loose- 
- . ly panieulate. Flowers of the ray pale purple or white. ; 


T 


C. asteroides (DC.! 1. c.)—Cheetanthera wf Nutt.! in jour. P 
x. Philad. 7. p. HH Cher d Nutt. ! in herb. DC. ag 
um ramosissimum, Engelmann! mss. m 
'rairies and ied places, fetes) Nuttall t. ‘Dr. En gelma s .% 

Le avenworth ! to ) Tex xas, Mrs mond! March- —Heads about "t size 


ES nippu of the ne and of exterior perfect flowers is jT 


~ all our d ral of the ns, flowers, althou perfect, are ij 

3 “emailer M pa mer dian tiones in these the i inner pe: ae : 
. . Ang, and the deor Fey only ru uisa a coronifo plant. " EY 
^. .. begins to flower when the he ee ut 2 pehes high ia a wx 
. „İn the season it branches very much, and pa num merous heads are Dort : dion 
pi: Now Md eor rw d e es f ^ et : í 
m M * c "A 
F Wu ; jO. prodr. 5. x 3k. 
ER 31. BOLTONIA. Dno ert anb 27; D Bots. p. " 
E E Ede many-flowered ; ‘the ray-flowers er in a single serie ye 2 
|. . Cf the disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the soie x 
^ Somewhat in 2 series, appressed, scarcely pes , j 
‘what membranaceous margins. Receptacle hemispheric erical or "conical, ob- i 
E urely alveolate. eim of the. style Tinear-oblong, with very short ap- 


E. pendages. A vate or slig! ight ly: ate, ridi. 


ee “iin wig i the ray often 3-winged, glabrous or s irae 
pe _ Pappus of several bimi pn ^ frequently 


188 COMPOSITE. Borronik 


brous and somewhat glaucescent paniculately branched herbs, with the habit 
of Aster. Leaves mostly vertical, lanceolate, sessile, entire, or the lower 
rarely serrate, with scabrous and somewhat cartilaginous margins. Heads 
rather small, loosely corymbose or paniculate. Rays white or purplish. 


1. B. asteroides (L'Her. 1. c.): achenia broadly oval, oe $ pappus 
of 4 or 5 minute setulose teet th, similar in the disk and ray, deciduous; heads 
loosely ES mbose; leaves lanceolate, entire, or the lower NIE serrate. 
—Ai ew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 197 ; Michz.! fl. 2. p. 132; US Ast. 

Te Matricaria asteroides, Link. mant. p. 116. pe a ach 
Carolinianu anum, Walt.! Car. p. 204. 

Pennsylvania, Bartram, Aide: ) and along the mountains to the S 
States !—Heads larger than . diffusa, but rather smaller than in B. glas- 
tifolia, which it closely reéém bles; sos from w a 4 is Ni dene by the 
minute pappus. "This would appear to be a 
only a single specimen, sre d in Burke Gebers. s Gariad I ps Mr. M. 
Sac Curtis ; and Elliott did not meet with it in the ow country of the Southern 


I 


x 


- B. glastifolia (L'Her. 1. c.): achenia obovate, b d winged, Qn 
sligiiy hairy; pappus of several very short bristles, and (especially in ib 
disk) with 2, or sometimes 3-4, more or less elongated dobier awns; head y 
rix corymbose ; npe lanceolate the lowest often serrate.— Ait. ! l. c.5 


lichx.! l.c. ; Willd. spec. 3. p. 9161; Sims, bot. mag. t. 2381; xe sk. 
2. p. 399; Nees, Ast. Pf 9357 Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 9. p. 933; DC.! 
B.? decw : leaves elongated lanceolate, rather thin, decurrente on the 


' stem; the broad decurrent portions usually terminated by short 
lar oe lobes, thus appearing sagitta 
amps and wet places, Diaper ¢ Canada, Penns sie. d nearly 
. throughout the Southern and Western Stat 8. Wet prairies of Illinois, 
Dr | i uie d 


^—Plant 3-7 feet high. Leaves d inches es 
base, e. Butin Mc B. w is perhaps a distinct Vots os ue 
leaves are of the e br ughout in the only specimen we h é 
seen, of the branches Closely sessile; the ciie (upper) vndy 


Sx = . difusa (EIL): achenia x eri ege rather narrowly. winged ; pappus 
of several very short bristles, and 9 short subulate awns; he ^j (small) tie 
fusely. paniculate ; branches and branchlets very numerous and slender; 
cauline leaves linear-lanceolate, entire; those of the Princi small, linear; 
those of the | hlets subulate.— Ell. sk. 2. 2. p. 400; Hook. compan. to bot. 
ir m l. p. 97 * $e ; DC.! prodr. 5. P- 301. B. asteroi des, Sims, bot. mag. 5 "n 


,, Damp il ran er — Le. Southwestern States from Georgia! 
x to Western pet on. -Oct.—Stem very 24 E 
| CUIUS breie Nat us coal me ii eee p ies not more ae half the sizeof — 
iugi. ns the achana malin operons the stout awns not their 


be 


ex 


^k 


— Bubdis. 2. hs ae: DC Perge none — — boar, 


Perss. COMPOSITÆ. 189 
hs 
Receptacle conical, slightly alveolate. Branches ofthe style short and broad. 
Achenia obovate, compressed, slightly hairy or hispid. Pappus none.—Low 
å herbs (natives of Europe, with a single exception), either acaulescent and 
perennial, or caulescent and annual. Leaves mostly obovate or spatulate. 


Heads solitary, terminating the scape or branches. Rays violet-purple, rose- 
color, or white.— Daisy 
§ Annual: stems branched.—Kyberia, Neck. 


; - B. integrifolia (Michx.) : € pne d leaves entire, eite 
ly hairy Uum "enit the radic spat tulate-obov. ate, scarcely 


upper lanceolate or cien Siei : iara elongated ; scales 
of the volnera lanceolat ate, acuminate, with m membranaceous margins ; 
gi 


achenia somewhat eb ropa Micke. ffl. 2. p. 131; Hook? bot. wg te t. 
3455; DC.! l.c. ‘idling 3, dee reus ,e€xsyn. Astranthium int 
grifolium, Nutt.! in - Am hil. so 
"3 Along streams and in Adrien Nds ky! y ea e! Arkansas! and Texas! 
».. March-June.—Stems 4-12 inches shiek Heads abo as large as the true Dai- 
-sy (B. perennis) ; the ray pale purple or violet. Sept of the involucre clothed 
with scattered ae acuminate into a bristly point. Appendages of the style a 
i ge e longer than in B. annua. Rays piacilate, pt apparently ep fer- 
i afi ied to be a true 2h of Bellis annua, as Hooke 


33. APHANOSTEPHUS. DC. prodr. 5. p. 310. 


_ Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers pistillate; those of the disk tubu- 
A lar, perfect. Scalesof the involucre imbricated in a double series, lanceolate, 
acute or acuminate, with scarious margins. Receptacle conical, large, naked. 
-Rays linear, twice the length of the involucre ; the corolla of the disk tubu- 

» lar, 5-toothed, narrowed at the base. Branches of the style short, flat, termi- 
pated by a very short obtuse flattened cone. Achenia terete, obscurely 
A , nearly glabrous. Fappus det p i maoks C oae aes nearly 
entire.—Annual? or p d Te exan) 

+ heats” Leaves aliéciite, inciscly toothed or lobed. Heads M: a 
. culate, terminating the breticklets, UT white. 


1 €T 2f A ndm 


=. 


Le * 1 ‘A. Ridd lelli: B Am <a ; stems bmod fiot pie «E pe radical 
z UL dv v? perci Jae leaves lanceolate e-spatulate or nearly linear, acutely and 
.. .. incisely toothed towards the apex, tapering below into a long and slender pe- 
# tiole j those of the pra e yon linear, RE d igid, sken- 
E É xas, Dr. - dell ?—! eS us, | id 1 
hee op thes high; the flo g branchlets slender, naked towards 


somewhat ea aeg Heads, 
wu 


& 


- 
des; ; as De Can- i 


"i. 


190 COMPOSITE. Bnacnrconr. 


34. BRACHYCOME. Cass. dict. 37. p. 464 & 491 ; DC. prodr. 5. p. 
305, § 7. p. 276; Benth. enum. pl. Hugel. p. 59. 


eads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers pistillate, in a single series; those 
of "i disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the campanulate or hemispherical in- 
voluere in 2-3 series, appressed, with membranaceous margins. Receptacle - - 
conical, somewhat alveolate. Achenia compressed, or nearly terete, crowned 
with an inconspicuous squamellate setulose pappus.—Low herbs, with the 
habit of the annual species of Bellis; chiefly perennial, and natives of Aus- , 
tralia. Rays white. t 


anthionomoide es ? A e E diffusely branched from the base; the 


branches somewhat pube. x eod wie hairs, naked at the summit and 
bearing solids heads ; Tes nearly gla nb D" the lower oblong-spa- 
tulate; those of the branches enel linea sile ; scales of the E NE p ao 


oblong-lanceolate, pe with broad scarious esit gor ss. Syn. p. 1 
& in Lin Jip: 2 s 


exas, "Dri ond ! i. sp. in herb. B. D. Greene. mei specimen which _ 

we describe was mixed with some other plants in Drummond’s Texan col- 
lection. and not anbara The plant resembles Bellis i integrifolia’ in aspect, 
but i is s smaller, and the heads not half the size: the involucre is very similar ; 
2 series, herbaceous in the centre. Rays about 3 lines long, — 

hike, Corolla of the disk cyathiform, expanded, deeply 5-toothed, the pro- > 


ú> 


exico by ap} cord ral 
chycomes, and ap differs fogs celis species of Bellis in the minute 


pappus; rennial Spanish Bellis (B. papulosa, 
os > Bow) exhibits a titer pappus, it is evident that the ew genus scarcely "E 
y deserves to be distinguish 
* Div.2. Currsocomes, DC. —Heads pithet beterogamons and radi- ` — 
$ ate, or homogamous and discoid (both form nthesame | : 
s genus) ; the rays and disk-flowers yellow and “i unchanging. Receptacle never: 
“sage 

Sy Vc ^ , coxsPEcrUs OF THE GENERA. : : 

i * EU Subdiv. 1, GYMNOSPERMEE. Pappus n none.  — V Maias" 

à 35. Grarsosrzmon. Rays few, very small. WV Wu rp 
c sw Subdiv. 2. Acnrarex.—Pappus chaffy or E TE 
n 36. Pacara, Mehenia of thé disk ; the narrow scales of the. - e 

CU ok mnitedoast ih base; of the ray fertile, * a short at ay * 
_ * S-Gurmmasan. A of the disk and ra bloc NP 
4 Sibi. 3. 3. Som Pappus : hms gèn. the disk gv cre € 
* crei utr a rarely squan ke bristles 
F 2 : * bu 
| € : 


an ai 


H En | 
CHRYSOCOMEE. COMPOSITE. 191 


* Pappus of very short squamellate bristles. 
38. Bracuycuzta. Rays and disk-flowers each 4-5. Lower leaves cordate. 
i * * Pappus of elongated capillary bristles. 
— = 99. Sotrpaco, Rays few, gid none ; disk-flowers several. Eg alveolate. 
40. Bicgnovia. Rays non sk-flowers 3-4. Receptacle cuspi 
^41. Linosyris. Rays n $e s losers 5-many. Receptacle —— 
Achenia iss yum. -villou 
42, Ammopia. Rays none: disk-flowers numerous, Scales of the enbia sca- 
pre rious-membranaceous. Achenia attenuate, hairy. 
43. Macronema. Rays 6-8, or none: disk-flowers numerous. Scales E the in- - 
volucre scarcely in two series, with foliaceous tips. Achenia hairy. = 
44. age ge Rays 3-6: disk-flowers 7-9. Scales of the oblong or cynical 
volucre imbricated. Achenia glabrous. Pappus 
E Sige. Rays 8-12: disk-flowers numerous. Seales of the ggg anan 
4 involucre broad, EEr imbricated. Achenia silky-villous. Pappus 
; lie iM 


ant 


* 


ése enpi i ya 
46. IsoPAPPUs. Rays 5-12: disk-flowers 10-20, Seales of the cylindrical involuere 
, lanceolate-subulate. Achenia villous. Pappus equal, in a single series. 
* + * Pappus of numerous — bristles, more or less rigid. 


BUS 


y" 47. APLOPAPPUS. do amg x or turbinate, villous or silky. Pappus of co- 

» E UM pi rhe d espero bristles. TU 

iw 48. Pynrocoma. led, glabrous. Pappus of copious uniform 
slender a ba vues s feleti 


m 


Es Patoxorsis. Achenia ovoid, at Pappus of very unequal deciduous 
^ bristles; some of them v rim 
a 50. OENTaAURIDIUM. Achenia turbing pubescent. Pappus of several nearly defi- 
nite subulate persistent + bellies 

Jm o s * * * Pappus of few rigid awns or bristles. 

_ 51. GRINDELIA. Pappus of 2-8 corneous caducous awns. 

: WR Pentacuzta. Pappus of 5 persistent rigid bristles. 

950 Suldiv. 4. HETEROTHECEÆ —Pappus of the ray and disk dissimilar. 
53. Baaonvnia. ide the ray double; the exterior of short and squamellate, the © 

: r of capillary barbellate bristles; that of the disk of 2 chaffy awns. 

‘ E 54. Herenorueces: Pappus of the ray none; ; of the disk as in Chrysopsis. - 


252 Subdiv, 5. Cunysorsinex:—Pappus of the ray and disk similar, double. - i PW 
ES Curysopsis. Exterior pappus rt, sctose Salis ‘the inner capillary. d iy 


Ee : 
i T  Bubdiv. T Grawosrsanee, a, DC—Pappas esl ening. 
H x. : 
s "35. GYMNOSPERMA. Less. syn- p- 194; DC. prodr.: 5. p- 3n. 
‘Heads 8-14-fi flowerdd; the ray-flowers 3-5 ( someti wanting very nar- 
p row, and with an extremely. Lien codon der IL fe klar 
‘a and ect, sometimes: sterile. Involucre oblong ; the SC imbricated, ap- 
E d 4 


192 COMPOSITE. GYMNOSPERMA- 


portion. Achenia oblong-cylindrical, slightly compressed, destitute of pap- 

pus.—Suffruticose and fastigia T. er (American) plants, glabrous, 

mostly glutinous or varnished, st ged - Solidago $ Euthamia. 

Leaves alternate or sometimes opposite, , sessile, entire, punc- 

tate. Heads small, ternate or JH at the summit. of the branchlets, 
ly corymbose-fastigiate. Flowers yellow. 


- G. corymbosum (DC.) : shrubby ; branchlets somewhat angled, dicho- 
Re ieee ep leaves iiiv oblong [o or nena lenwetiaie tapering to 
each end, somewhat viscid, 3-nerved, the lateral nerves slender; hea ag- 
ed ilies together at the summit of the branchlets S-flowered ; the ray- 
flowers 5, those of the disk about 3 Gl 
Texas, Dr. Riddell !/—Ligules not half the pone of the tube. Achenia 
minutely puberulent.—De Candolle describes the leaves as oblong, but men 
tions at the same time their length as 12 to 15 lines, and their breadth 2 lines 


Subdiv.2. Acuyripes, DC. 1 persistent chaf- 
fy scales, or short and coroniform, alatis nearly obsolete in the ray. 


36. AMPHIACHYRIS. DC., (§ of Brachyris) notie. 7. pl. rar. Genev. p. 
1,t. 1, & prodr. 5. p.313; Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 313. 


Heads many-(20-40-) flowered ; the ray-flowers (8-10) ligulate, pistillate, 
fertile, in a single series; those of the disk staminate and pistillate, but by the 
abortion of the ovary infertile. Involucre obovoid, shining as if varnished ; 
the scales 10-12, rigid, appressed, imbricated, often bracteolate at the base, 

the summit abruptly somewhat foliaceous, mostly obtuse. Re- 


coriaceous, 
‘ pe alveolate. Corolla of the ray oblong, with a very short tube; of the 
. disk much 


T i 


smaller, infundibuliform, 5-toothed. Branches of the style (in the 
disk-flowers) oblong-linear, rather acute, papillose-hispid quite to the base. 
Achenia of the 


ray oblong or obconic, somewhat inda with a minute coro- 4 
niform or nearly obsolete pappus; of the disk none or a mere rudiment; the * — 
pappus of 5-8 scarious very narrowly linear ale slightly dilated towards — 


the summit, about the length of the corolla, united at the base into a campan- 
ulate tube.—A perennial (or possibly sometimes aaa herb, or suffrutes- 
cent glabrous plant, fastigiately much branched (in the manner of Solidago 


§ Euthamia, with the involucre much asin Sericocarpus) ; with lanceolate or - 


narrowly linear and entire sessile (1-3-nerved) impressed-punctate — 
the margins scabrous. Heads deg the numerous branchlets. Flow 


Ard s. 


duet PT l c.)—Nutt.! in trans. soc. l. €. 


mer. phil. 
ris ramosissima, Hook.! ic. pl. t. 142 ; DG. podr 1. 28. 

Nuttall! Pourtales ! as, Drum ! Sept. 
-3 feet high? the branchlets- angled, "Leaves 1-2 inches long; 
often lines wide; or all narrow and 2 lines in width 
in -); the lower obscurely Saeed emis more 

by, cmm apa i pul 
not observed so man pappus in the ray ai opret 

e 4 MS P 


t cd 


5 E i 
f, ih 
" a i 


€ 


E 


^ GurikRREZIA. COMPOSITE. 193 


37. GUTIERREZIA. Lagasca, nov. gen. & spec. dete p. 30; Don, 
and Hook. & Arn. in compan. to bot. mag. 2. p. 51 
E Brachyris, M. C pe esky 8 1. (excl. no. 6)& Hemiachyris, DC. 


iid Heads 8-40-flowered ; ; the ray-flowers ligulate, pistillate, fertile, in a single 

y series ; those of thé disk tubular, perfect and fertile. Involucre campanulate 

= Or turbinate ; the scales appressed and closely imbricated, rigid, with some- 

ë. what foliaceous greenish tips. Receptacle naked. Corolla of the ray oblong 

- er oval, with a short tube; of the disk infundibuliform, 5-toothed ; the teeth 
short, recurved. Branches of the style in the disk-flowers linear, elongated, 
`- obtuse, hairy down to the very short stigmatic lines at the base; in the ray 
glabrous, the stigmatic lines extending to the summit. Achenia somewhat  . 

_ Obeonic and terete, pubescent or silky. Pappus of several linear or oblong — 
chaffy scales, mostly in a double series, persistent ; that of the ray sometimes 
obsolete or wanting. —Perennial or suffruticose plants (natives of the region 

* beyond the Mississippi, and of Mexico and South America to the extremity of. 

.. the continent), glabrous, somewhat. glutinous and. balsamic, with linear or 

> lanceolate entire mostly impressed-punctate alternate leaves. Heads solit Kg d 

egated (about 3 together) at the summit of the et igre or paniculate E 


p eii, Flowers yellow. E gE 
ry 


- 


Jn l. Pappus as long as the Dolce) more or lis distinctly à in i doa 
ries ; that of the ray similar to the disk, or often shorter. —Goneanena, 
Sea by (Brachyris, Nutt.) 


Californica : stem terete, somewhat paniculate at the sum 
“leaves eck acute. do. ph set t the base, — wis ciliate, preg 
l-nerved ; he rs 


us of mostly 9 carer bnc: rather acute 
an the : oum 3 
Arn.! bot. Ts P 
Stem a foot high. Limb e lig 
Pappus oa gei. in a double se 
Toker & Arnott cage this not only 
ably cad. linearifolia, Z 
s are shorter and. 4 
iene are sa MM : 
i arrowly Tinear,' oe attenuate at rs base, 1- 
y T co ompound, fastigiate, 
OE glomerate eA ical; flowers of the ray and d 
about 5; quom qe mostly of 9 ec dnm obtuse ch 
th ofthe ach FEN S 
jor.-~Am. 2. p. DE. i-e, Bra es vachyi } uam: Spreng. a 
E AB ursh, 3 , 
id hills of r Missouri, & Sa aN "Nutall * tithe siia A 
Di /—S$te 6-12 inches high. Ligulate a 
seo maing ‘the limb mb bony or Pa i: ab us in a double series ; 5 that € 
in ^r E: ES i : d È x oe 


da COMPOSIT/E. E 3 GUTIERREZIA: 


s 3. G: divaricata: suffruticose; stems much branched above, divaricate- E 


owe 
pus of 9or 10 narrowly linear acutish chaffy s cem those of the disk longer : 
n the achenium.—Brachyris divaricata, Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc 2 
(n. ser.) 7. p. 313. B 
On the Platte near the Rocky Mountains, with the preceding, Nuttall /— 
Plant with a habit of the following, and nearly the achenia and pappus of 
G. Californi 


§ 2. Pappus of the disk short and nearly coroniform, of the ray obsolete or 
none.—HeMiacnynis, DC 


~ _of the ray 5-7, of the disk 7-105 | pappus of the ray n obsolete ; of f ihe 
. disk consti of several very small ovate Shay piles Pi bsg 
Texana, DC.! prodr. 5. p. 314. rachyris n. sp. Nutt.; Torr.! in 
C. ic. 


rk. B. microc 
Prairies of Arkansas, Nuttall, Dr. James! Dr. Leavenworth! Texas, 
mmond! Berlandier! Dr. Leavenworth ! Dr. separ Aug.-Sept.— . 
Stems 1-3 feet high; the branchlets, heads, &c., somew Pues varnished. — 
Scales of the involucre lanceolat te-oblong, with cari Corolla of 
=a Duc; uo Style as in the preceding species. Ache minutely - 
2 
Subdiv. 3. Sor inAciNE X, DC.—Rays in a single series, or often none. Pappib o) Se 
similar in the disk and ray, sinple, of capillary or setiform, rarely squamellate e ^d 
— PONE E Aa 1 


Md Pa UB BRACHYCH TA. : ks. 
"1 Heads €-10-owered; the ray-flowers ligulate, pistillate, fertile ; those of " 
7. the disk tubular, perfect and fertile. Inv, oluere cylindrical; the scales — - 
.. (about i em am appressed ; the outermost short, the others oblong- 
linear, with somewhat greenish but scarcely herbaceous tips. Receptacle 
‘Marrow, naked. Ray-flowers 4-5 ; the tube of the corolla as long as the 
- oval li : corolla of the disk dilated above, 5-cleft; the lobes lanceolate. _ 
as Branches of the style (in the disk-flowers). acute, produced above the short . 
and flat stigmatic portion, into a deltoid- lanetlate minutely hispid acumina- . 
tion. Achenia somewhat obconic. Pappus of the disk and ray similar, 
e consisti TO juamellate bristles, in a a single series, shorter 
2t. ies = the achenia—A peronii Bert, with the habit of Solidago ; the stem 
simple or gly paniculate at the summit, Leaves alternate, pena 


Sx 


À petioles ; sharply s e; the fecal roundish. H E A 


pen E. 
: 


ose-gio te, nearly sessilé; the clusters, or near the summit the 
Bs heads, disposed i in an elongated and interrupted apegan leafless 
| l or spike. yellow. oe 


Bracnyenmra. | —— COMPOSITAE. . 188 


R B 

106.. S. cordata, Short! suppl. cat. Kentucky plants. Brachyris ovati- 
folia, DC.! prodr. 5 

Wooded hill- sides of Kentucky Rafinesque ! Dr. Short! &c. a the 
mountains of North Carolina, as far east as Wilkes County, Mr. Curtis! 4 


ves 
3-5 inches broad, mo vom inate, RO veined mye ye 


the ovary, which, if prolonged to the length of the corolla, would form form 
bristles ay sronda than those of Solidago. 

_ 39. . SOLIDAGO. Lindl ; Gaertn. fr. t. 170; Schkuhr, handb. t. 946; pe. 
Solidago, st a & Chrysoma, Nutt. 


a > 
Sic ie 
= 


s Nac. Heads in terminal or axill racemes c or clusters, sometimes corym- 
.. bose; the pedicels often unilat , Flowers m ar^ mye white in 8. 
pes mcd purplish; 


unequal pappus slightly thickened at the apex! : heads in glomerate clus- 


"veiny ; the lower narrowed into tho T ^ 
+ Rays none: cia of i diy rd inner bristles of the pappus manifestly.“ 
7 ge aw Bé € ar ; 


a 


discoidea: stem some 
"vate. coarsel toothed or serrate, 
xa p sco ii € iver ; me $ upper oblong or ovate-lanceol ate, acute at each. 


i niculate, often 
| somew ine petioled ; the _uppermos t entire 5 mh cre inear- opm E Ft 
Aene scales of the canescently ew ideus ry st: 2 


acute, squarrose one ar rs 10-15. 


cordata.—Solidago sphacelata, Raf.! ann. mat. (1820.) p. 44. no. AA 


€ s. Hals few-many-flowered ; the ray-flowers few (1-16), or. — Tg 
pe» wanting ; those of the disk tubular; di" Scales of the oblong involucre - 5 


i4 E 
Loi bita Um ays 12-16, or P otii pne qs inner pad sian p SN 


kde or racemes disposed in a compound. spike or panicle: leaves ORA 


E 
what -villoos, branching a above ; ; leaves mostly ~ me 


p.358; D Ls eig ; ; 
Ák in A the Alabama pore l 
eo i S ema oad 
ia x: š Lan w 


^w 
E d 


TA 


F 


196 COMPOSIT E. een 


^ Drummond! Sept.-Oct. —Stem 2-4 feet high, stout, ome with ah 
»» villous pubescence. Leaves membranaceous, veiny, pale beneath, 

more or less pubescent, or se villous, eepecisily on nthe veins, minute- 

ly pubescent above ; the lower 2-4 inches long, with margined petioles about 

the same length, often 2 ais wide, mostly acute and mucronate ; the up- 


per gradually reduced in size, less serrate. Racemes erect, dispos sed in 

irgate pani Head n the succeeding species, often some- 

what clustered. Scales of the involücre pale below, with — squar 

rose herbaceous tips.  Achenia narrow, glabrous or nearly so -— 
pubescent when young. Pappus copious, $ 


r. pman, 

times turning purplish, unequal; the longer bristles manifestly sire atl 

. thickened at the apex In Mr. Elliott’s specimens o ae interesting plant, 
e pappus is purplish, but the corolla npe ars to be yellow (not * pale pur- 

ple’), as it certainly is in the other specimens we have met with. That of 

- Chapman belongs to a large plant, apparently 5 feet high, with an open 
panicle, and the he ads s are nearly as large n S. squarrosa: the ac heni nia 


cimen of 
erb. Hook. e ema: TO ind Vibe labios leaves. In noneo 
do we find any trace of ray-flowers. . 


»* Rays 12-16 : pappus unequal, a portion of the longer bristles obscurely thickened at 
the apex. 3 
- S. squarrosa (Muhl.): stem glabrous below, very pubesce T “at the i 
* dh pe leaves mors glabrous, elliptical-lanceolate or vi Te wv SCH- "o 
brous-ciliate, acute, wed at the base, sessile; the low: t broadly 
a -oval, taperi into oa dés ac eee Thea (large) în * shor clus- 
in afy c mpoun 


ing i 
ters or glomerate racemes disposed 
etg scales of ne unutely oe involuer erigi 


bucie in seve- 


ries, wi 
16 to 24; achenia 3t abro —Muhl.! p79 (fide s 


5. p. 337 : not of Nutt. i pa: acad. 
E Ga ifeftiliora, Nutt. 1 in jour. mee ilad. 7. p. 102 
iu o 4; notof DC. S. few s. cà Pursh, fl. 2, p. 542? 
ank a n 


in spike o: a foot or more long; which is composed o 
ters (the lower er shorter the upper ore ed Rx reduced leaves or 
‘bracts from the axils of which they arise), oi p TACE 

„about 2 inches in length. Scales of the. inyolucre oblong , rigid, with lare Pa 
ly lace acerate-ciliate margins ; ; the innermost rab 


È 


in 


only the e plant 
syi KAA origin: X 
New RE and irn 1 


E. 
E d. 
abe 


ÜSonmae o COMPOSITA. 197 


z ghee with that appellation, is to be found in the Banksian en which 
B is Pus sole ARE, jr the peso. w we have not presu o discard the . 
; appropriate name . squar especially since Pura’ description, 
€ bug chiefly eee | is not sufficient to decide the poin 


§ 2. Herbaceous : rays mostly fewer than the disk-flowers, — wanting 
heads more or less pedieallatésvariousl y disposed. isa i pila: (Tourn.) DC. 


* Heads in axillary clusters or short racemes, and. often racemose at the extremity of the 
stem or branches: leaves feather-veined. —Glomerulifloree. 


+ Racemes or clusters often macs than the leaves, and racemose or spicate at the 
ummit of the stem or branches 
3. S. bicolor (Linn.): hairy and often cinereous; stem simple, or som is. 

times branched at the summit; leaves oblong or elliptical-lanceolate, acute 
at each end; the upper sessile and often entire; the radical and lower cau- 

* tc" "n 

& i l or spatulate-oblong, serrate, tapering into a petiole; h endet "lodi 
rate clusters or short the axils of the upper leaves, and f 

T an interrupted spike, or w cate somewhat leafy rac 


06; Ho Am. ; Dar . p. 
3 “a LAS s. Sia, Mi il. die Virga-Aurea flore albo, 
4, f. 8. Aster bicolor, Nees. SYnops. ; Spreng. syst. * 


Hof the ray ‘and disk yellow.—S. hirguta, Nutt. ! ! in 

l. p. 103, & in trans. Amer. phil. soc 

oe a d Borders of Hone Canada ! katchawár! ! and North- . 

Ld to Kentucky! an mountains of Georgia. B. Kenmeky, Pe 

ladelphia, E Gambell! . Aug.-Sept.—Stem 1-3 feet 

very hairy or villous towards the base, commonly simple ; the 
mr rather ‘ge heads approxijoaio em and forming an 


opi graduall reduc ed in size, Ee Sé es more ses- ^ 


-henia us or 
so w a mature; when yoüng sometimes carly 4 fasian but often 
7 end. pubescent.—We in no way distinguish the SS. hirsuta, 4) .from 


m. S. a t by th xr of the rays, in which the latter di ers from the _ 
. rest of the iu d i. 2 oe, hae ver, are E^ pure white in S. bicolor, but cre; 
s color; andin some specimens, as in those from S Saskatchaw an menti al 
2 : Hader, they appea: cie lig ht yello’ ad 


UNS 4, S. lanata villous or woolly throughout; stem branched ios: ; 


198 COMPOSITAE. &" SosipAdo: 


spikes about 2 licher s long. Leaves siliuhrinicegos s the lowest nearly 4 

r inhib long, including the winged geo y uppermost very small. Heads 
smaller than in S. Carn p otherwise very similar, about looney 
Achenia minutely p bescent brous ae a ien 


t t Clusters or glomerate racemes mostly short and axillary. 


5. S. pubens (M. A. Curtis! mss.): stem virgate, nearly ied ape 


— D A ; leaves (m renun anaceous) oval-lanceo acumi- 
nate at each e essile, coarsely and unequally serrate- obo a nea arly me 
brous above, ga Désoeni dülecially on the f veins and midrib beneath ; headsi 
kp ica ai the lower aep the ved approximate and for 

ntracted virgate raceme; involucre as well as the very 
py puri a C ani a fà scales linear, rather obtuse, unequal; 
rays and disk-flowers e ; enia canesc 


ow ach 4-7 ; ac . 
Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, North C'arotisi: Mr. Curtis! Aug.- 
ept.—Stem slender, apparently pts and 2-3 feet high; the e 
portion often a foot long, with 7 or 8 of the lower indak clusters mu 
shorter than the res: "ihe. po similar but crowded (the subtending. ues 
-5 ong 


6. S. Buckleyi: stem and lower surface of the oblong (acute at each end) 
subsessile leaves villous-pubescent; heads in small (l axillar x clusters 


a 
much shorter than the leaves; pedunel cles villous; scales of. the involucre 
early glabro 


X 


nearly glabrous, X r acute ; the exterior ovate-lan ceolate, short ; rue in i. ta 


most linear; rays , the ‘disk- aie 9-12; o short and broa 
pS eae in 1?) damos 


ama, Mr. S. B. Buckley! Oct. — tem (simple or vette "n 
i eius 2 feet or more in height, almost villous with soft hairs, ee 3 
je summit. Leaves a inc ong, an da 


ped . hort 
cemes or clusters v sens cre shorter than the disk; the outermost scales 


bos pubescent. Rays rat bien ig Achenia perfectly de erai apparently 
compressed !—The only esiti we possess is somewhat imperfect. 

7 S. latifolia (Linn.): stem angled, often. flexuous, glabrous: leaves. 

broadly ov. ate or oval, very strongly and sh y serrate- soothed, conspicu- 

th ends, or somewhat petioled, mostly hairy on pum 


r--Am. 9. p. 5; Darlingt. jl. Cest- p. 460. S. macrophylla, 
2.p.305. Vi Aurea Cates a ze 
E o a Ue s. 


Ec cC 
- Ld 


Soupaco. * | COMPOSITÆ. 199 


Bat. t. 244 (poor). V. montana Peropholscnibli, Pluk. alm. t. 235, f. 3. 

* V. latissimo folio Canadensis glabra, Pluk. l. . 4? (Varies, with the 

omerate regen. which us ually do not exceed de margined petiole or at- 

| enuate base of the leaves, puc. prolonged and exceeding "T leaves, 
x et en or Spl os or pov e. S. flexicaulis, var. 2. Michz. 


* 


C! 
iat w banks Pe small streams, Ne and Northern 
"States to ‘Kentucky ! and the mountains and upper country of Georgia. 
g.-Oct.—Stem usually simple, 1-3 feet high, ven commonly flexuous, 
andi by 2 or 3 y decutrent jo from the base of thé leaves, often hairy or 
pubescent at the summit. Leaves membranaceous, 3-5 or 6 inches long, 
permost 


i Ai wide (the upper smaller and the up 
much reduced in size), abruptly narrowed (the lowermost sometimes almost 
cordate) at the to a wing eti fully as long as "e c 


t ase 
e of the leaf, closely, unequally, and very sharply serrate-toothe 
ost laciniate-toothed, the teeth ro quiae. and spr reading, oñen 
ilani the upper sur rface glabrous, or scabrous with short scattered h 
Heads middle-sized ; the clusters or Sinne) ipi sessile.—It must be ar 


mitted that RA col forms of S. cesia sometimes too closely ap- 


. — proach this s, yet we cannot vut voor mina as distinct. The v 
dins sBlady petoled leaves, with closely set and spreading teeth, and the 

| angular stem, obviously distinguish the S. latifolia; which is one of the most 

n. common a es throughout the Northern States 


S. ca sia (Linn.): stem terete, simple or branching, seldom flexuous, 
E labia, mastly glaucous; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, glabrous, 
= serrate, acuminate, sessile; he ads in short axillary clusters, and some Doi e 
` iaeei ob ulate at the summit; peduncles paeet ge 


“no. ; ed. 2. p. 
- Cest. p. 4 ME T prodr. 5. 336. S. flexicaulis, Linn. ! 
a E 6 excl. ui Smith, l. c. ; not of Ait., . S. fle 
7 Michz,! fl. 2. p. 118. S. axillaris , Pursh! fl. 2. p. 542; Beck, bot. j 
* 193; DC: prodr. 5. p. 335. S. livida, Willd. enum. p. 890 ; 


... globular clusters, or in more or less prolonged racemes at the summit of the 
wc or p ; the leaves ye from oblong-lanceolate to elongated linear- 
ceolate, &c. 
: cef and thidkets, C anada! to Georgia ! and Louisiana! - Aug— 
EL 4 Oct.—Stem 1-3 feet high, slender, often _purplish, and of a glaucous hu hue. 
: ves m or even 6 inch loi alic e-third or half mme to an inch and a 


ept t] 

but iilo. irregular ly an 

or often coarse and somewhat Spr Ede 
$ radical and lowermost ite or oblong a 
. Heads nearly as large a in Sc latifolia; 


on the i Dillenius. Although th 
n the herbarium of Linneus certainly 
in i, yet we are ae 


r 
P p peel gti SET rc 


he specific phrase given by Lin- 
to S. latifolia. Those eb 


s 20. p 


= 


200 COMPOSITE. E Sonnii 


however, who unite the two wee very properly adopt the name of S. 
flexicaulis. 


9. S. Curtisii: stem tall, -— Mici and simple, dig angled, nearly 
is geen vy elongated-lanceo olate, smooth and mostly glabrous, finel 
and sharply se above the middle, gradually tapering to the base, sessile, 
sharply ME nate; hea dsi in pue and sessile "ae clusters, all mam 
times shorter than the lea volucre minutely pubescent; the exterior 
coy short (ien. the ot heri linear, rather obtuse; rays and aar os 

ach 4-6; ar minutely pubesc 

Th ? monticola: leaves sparin ay mie cope the upper EM 
longer eed the subsessile glomerate clusters, the uppermost reduced to 


bracts ; ma Kd the about 15-flowered orbc narrowly-linear, acute; - 


achenia gla 
Mountains “of North Carolina (8. Yellow Mountain), Mr. M. A. Curtis! 


Xd the involucre narrower, &c.—We have only an imper- 
font specimen PE r. B.* which a appears i be a Wm y plant, with shorter. 
leaves; the Viii clusters approximate, and near the summit forming a 

pen — rrupted spike; the beads rather smallek but the flowers more 


10. S. a (Ait): stem somewhat flexuous, ene angled, 
branching ; agree oblong-lanceolate, densely serrate, slightly hairy benea ath ; 
racemes erect; rays elongated Deae of the involucre lanceolate, acute; 
achenia canescently hairy]. Ait. ! Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 217; ; Smith, in Rees, 

-; DC. prodr. 5. p. ie ? (The additions to the character derived from 

^ Wins in herb. 8.) 

ancifolia: le: inen elongated lanceolate, attenuate-acuminate 


unculate, somewhat co und or paniculate, numerous, al but E 
tha 


iis ped mpoun 
. the E longer an the leaves, forming an elongated panicle; Tays 


rather smal 
Do ? described from specimens of unknown origin, cultivated 
in 1759 by Miller, and in the Kew Garden. Smith supposes that it may be 
a variety of S. latifolia; **from which it differs in its somewhat narrower 
leaves, and much greater length-of the pe clusters of flowers, which com- 
t anicle." The 


gure 
belongs to a latifolia; and the plant pat ie Beet S. ambigua in the Berlin 


Garden, and some others, is is probably nothing but a state of that species. 
But the original plant must be different, as the scales kd is (perhaps 20- 
A am involucre are lanceolate or linear-lanceolate and more imbri- 


If really of American origin, the plant we eve doubtfally subjoined 


| X Tere tt Kad distinct from it it.—The latter was collected on the 


a 


cites from Plukenet doubtless |". 


olina by Mr. M. 2n Curtis. The angular . 


o ar 
Copa bely DEUS and 3 feet in ec (the 


is wanting in 
pe aa the flower-bearing foot long, nico e Pe pubescent. The . 


ms instead of pica docente Ee NDS narrowed into a short 
etiole, as in the original S. a (like a narrow-leaved var. of - 
olia), are Péoagusd] lanceolate pas gradually from near the mid- 
base, 4 to 5 inch n an inch in widt h, thin , smooth and 

se te, 


acuminate ape 
« ‘erect or solar EE - more or less compound, naked at 
: di E "Rud # T s$ 3 a P" 


E. ; 
se " P £ 
st. ex " 
- a sh "xul. 


ka 


3 Soupaco. - COMPOSITE. 201 


the base (pedunculate) ; in lower about 3 siue in dent but rather shorter 
than the subtending leaves; the upper suc ane longer than 
the reduced narrowly je ate and near oe : heads usually 

à crowded on the branches in ihe raceme, on Bos ons i or nearly sessile. 
- Scales of the involucre glabrous or minutely granular, similar to the original 
= S. ambigua, or perhaps a little broader. Achenia canescently hairy.—If we 
à mistake not, this is by no means an. uncommon species in the mountains of 


North Carolina, but we have only seen the living plant before the flowering 


oy * * Racemes terminal, erect, not secund, either ee and virgate, or compound and 
=  paniculate: leaves feitléhdeined, — Virga 


ll. S. virgata (Michx.) : aires. A rite, Lair stem virgate, simple, C 
very slender; leaves somewhat fles e, with scabrous margins ; the 
radical ; low ve cun oblong-spatu i or oblanceolate, often obscurely 


those of the aipetated dippe E of the stem mall and bract- ike 

heads i he soe numerous, very strict or ot aliove compound ra- . 

ceme; scales of the involucre linear-lanccolate, pa abrous; rays 5-7, one 
ursh, fl. 2. . 


. .bama!. Sept.-Oct.—(June to Oct., Ell.)—Stem 2-4 fe et high, very strict 
= and ine, leafy throughout, but the leaves of the upper part of the stem 
reduced to mere bracts (one-half to one-fourth of an inch in pe term 

y ) i ich is com 


. shor approximate racemes, bearing 3-6 heads; the short peduncles and 

joue Preicela SPP aes glabrous, furnished with subulate bracts. The 
al r often m r-less secund ; and occasionally te inflores- 

cence is more > compound a d Bape eA Heads about 16-flow x- 

. terior scales of the involucre short and often subulate ; E dn ee inner d acute. 

- - Radical Rea od hes long, including the margined petiole, 6-12 lines 

d E obscurely | serrulate, or not unfrequently quite Ponti 


Pe 9. S. pulverulenta (Nutt.) : ee and softly puberulent; b simple, ~~. 
* Vitis: vs leafy ; cauline leaves short, obovate-oblong, obscurely ve veined, 
: mostly nitive, often mucronate i eate, attend at the base poets ; the radi- 
i cal and lowermost oblong or spatulate, serrate, tapering into a petiole ; heads 
. .. Bumerous, crowded on the short peduncles, Sa isposed in a long and strict - 
| a j | €ompou raceme; scales of the involuere na rrowly lanceolate, acute, ap- 
3s pressed; rays Aboi ace e d ve glabrous. —Nutt.! p rj 
i SUE Ell. sk. 9. p odr. 5. p. 
me *g. : uncles somewhat ‘elongata and often spreading, forming an ex- 
thay. compound r j 

rgia and Florid: mag Baldi Alabama, Dr. Gates! North Carolina, - s 
caes Cur oe Se en 2-3 feet high, vel strict and simple, C a 


; and so 

a pud) s 8-16 idiches A M: i whio mi cde s 

RA of S. puberula ; m others ually dimin id 

xad half to i inch in length, an aod fr from 6 to 3 lines in mex ipe or ob-. 
ig; the lower ofi - Heads as large as in S. pubersii, Po aa 


florescence; but in some specimens (var. 8.) the 
o racemes of considerable le ngth. 


202 COMPOSI TÆ. Sourpaco. 


3. S. puberula iie ): very minutely sepia stem simple; 
* Wie leaves lanceolat ed gie be see: to in base, sessile, mostly entire; ahs 
lower oblanceolate and somewhat serra | UN "low rest and radical oblong- 
spatulate, serrate towards hë e apex, pet tioled: hi (middle- oni in nume- 
rous compact erect-spreading racemes (often compound), formin elonga- 
ted or sometimes thyrsiform “panicle ; bsc of. the involucre linear subulate 
appressed; rays about 10, yE ; achenia nearly —— — Nutt. 
2. p. 162 ; Darling. f Cest. p. 4 59; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 333. S. er 
cens, Ell.! sk. 2. p. 381; DC. L c. 
Sandy woods &c. m ostly in damp soil, Maine x (Mr. Oakes !) and Mas- 
sachusetts! New Jer os &c.to Georgia!  Aug.-Oct.—Stem 2-4 feet na" 


the lower gg ee 23 nes tong and 6-8 lines wide, Ney dimin nis ^ 
upwards. Rac very numerous, et sho rt an disposed in a long an 
dense virgate d raceme, or narrow panicle; or with the lower ra- 


cemes elongated, and PM simple or compound, forming a more e expanded - 
pani 


icle. Heads about 28-flowered: ra olden vellow. AChE, very 
minutely pubescent ic is a lens, uS LAS or dee LE so when matu 


14. S. confertiflora (DC.): herbaceous, glabrous, viscous; st 
leafy to the thvrsus; leaves oval-lanceolate or oblong-lan ceolate, serrate at 
the apex, entire below, aded ( pies: ir of the lover oneri into long pe- 
s Nery uch crowded in a apicilorin thyrsus; 
scales of the involucre liuéuf ien rays fiin and tcn D .! prodr. 5. 
P. 339, not of Nutt. S. glutinosa, Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser-) 
T: p. sn S. compacta, T'urez. in bull. soc. nat. Mosc. 1840, p. 73? 
and Mulgrave Sound, ey x DC. Plains of the Oregon and 
Wahianet Nuttall !— About 2 feet birh wiara stem, angular 
g L4 


hw 
radical attenuated into long petioles. Upper part of the stem, bracts, and in- 
volucrum indued with an orange varnish-like resin, of a strong, aromatic, 


uet unpleasant taste. Rays about 8-10 = observe 5-8] : discal florets 
- 5or6: pepper of the rays a little — " Nuit.—Not havin — the 

are not certain that the S. glut osa, Nu tt. is the s. fertiflora, 
DC. ; but we find no essential differen In the former, the EEIN, leaves 


are lanceolate-spatulate, 3~4 inches hg sh arply serrate near the apex, with 
pons rias at entire base, veiny and AR ir. triplinerved : the cauline 


lines wia, maer obscurely reticulate-vei , the lower 

more Sates at the base ‘Heads middle-sized, in short Vect racemes 
agi e aggregated in a i ean panicle. eie scales of the involu- 
E: inner- 


is orae or roundish, very short; the middle ones ovate-oblong, the 
CeT SA ong. Rays small. Achenia minutely pubesc 


S. spiciformis: glabrous or nearly so; stem ascending, simple (som 
what what glutinous Di leaves obovate-sp oen finely serrate, tapering 1 into a 
j th 


er into long margined stole’: reticulate- . 
^i la scales of the 


veine; “rai piant; — ina dendé spike or mem rsus ; 


s adi Let essed, "potolaži ( ae TOUS ; os he ey 


aot ESI 


We 


SoripAco. COMPOSITE. 203 


manifestly reticulate-veined beneath. Heads middle-sized or rather large, 
crowded on the short erect racemes, and disposed in a dense spike or Mage 
3-5 inches in length, about 25- flowered. Rays short and inconspicuou 


16. S. Californica (Nutt.): villous and cinereous : leaves nearly all equal 
and somewhat crowded, oblo Obg- -lanceolate, acute at each end, near the apex 
i 


achenia pubescent. Nutt.! in pe rg. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 238. S, 
retenu Less. in Linnea, 6. | 
8. di cinereous-pubesce ent: artes oblong, mostly obtuse, attenuate n 
the baal iny; heads somewhat secund ? war petiolaris, Hook. & Arn 
bot. Beechey; p. 145, parv. S. puberula, Cham. & Schlecht. l. c. ? 
St. Barbara, California, Nuttall. 8. sean LR California, — Beech- 
igh. D abou 


* 


ey !1—“ Two or 3 feet high. Discal flov well as the "e 
vet: to e fino» TN nana]; but. abs: villous id bon jenva 

m-leaves are also nearly as large as the nd ones, about an inch or an 
Í pes aa a i half long, by ps ae half an agh wide." Nutt.—In the only 
i specimen of var. f, r part of the stem is wanting: the leaves are 
much like those of S. pelear the lower cen inches Jer considerably at- 
: ' tenuate at the base, the upper successively smaller, some of them obequi 

4 . serrate towards the apex. The heads are not much larger than in S. nemo- 


lis, 14-16-flo werd m a ; the rays small, about 7. Scales & he invo- 
hil 
panicle Or ise nd raceme appears to have b ps on a rved and 
e 


17. S. petri (Ait.): stem simple and aee da — epe non n 
leafy, covered with a close pubescence, nearly t t the mit ; 
leaves d or elliptical, mucronulate, veiny, — Wink n scabrous shown and 
puberulent-tomentose beneath (at least the midrib and veins), s scabrous-cilio- 
late; the upper — — ed i an slightly peioled ; the lower often 
serrate, narrowed a : heads (rather epica: in a single virgate ra- 

..  eeme or d i paene racemes ; scales of the pube dam, involucre lan- 


ceolate ; the exterior loo reading, oik: herbaceous; rays about 
Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. : 


P. 389, not of Pursh. js * Eus 
B. squarrulosa : ‘exterior scales of the involucre inear or subulate, more 
ierb us, SEC MERO Nutt.! in jour. acad. ee 
7. È 102; not ne Nutt. b Or , nor of Muhl., dc 


$. 


P i ishin in A a f K AN 
© but very slightly petioled, usually serrate with "the 
F , slightly pet id, it ix Bas but. iu sessile. 

s» c upper E rounded a at the ae slightly peti or ease or often sev eral 
. on 


sor : ender‘b : 
5 ng, EE T “ae yellow iat scales ofsbe ear with somewhat 
M crecnish tips, appressed ; D» exterior D" and loose , gradually passing 
into the subnlate bracts of of the podes i ar. B. these Ass are Pues 


E. a 


pe e. 


€ à ü At 
* ts 


2 ve 
SEM CC aee 


— 


- 
204 COMPOSITE. © SOLIDAGO. 


umerous, and the attenuated and longer exterior involucral scales exactly 
peris them, giving the involucre a squarrose appearance. The extreme 


forms would see different species lh h no other dif- 
ce is observable) ; but a full suite of speci eat eve ada- 
tion uim D. — oe could less deserve gie name of S. petiolaris 


na : ves m 8 
period, x. are so a. tly T that we believe no author has identified the 
plant by the character; but, as this is certainly the plant described in the 


ie | ju aA as well as by Smith, we do not feel at liberty to reject it. 
—For his S. erecta, Pursh cites Herb mss.; but there are no speci- 
mens with this name in the Banksian herba he not ro d 
the present species in view, to «cni his short character is not inapplicable. 


si 

—The S. petiolaris of the Berlin Garden, 1839 and of Link. enum. ?) is 
S. Virga-Aurea. The S. petiolaris, Thuillier, of the Paris Piss some other 
gardens, is S. Narbonensis, Pourr. (Vide S. elata 


. S. angusta : stem strict and simple, leafy, slightly inn s leaves 
edis mucronate- -o tapering to the base, sessile, sparsely v veined, 
with a noie ent midrib, glabrous, with ciliate-scabrous margins; the lower- 
most obsc — serrate cue the apex; the others entire; heads (rather 
racted raceme; scales of the almost glabrous involucre lanceo- 
late; the pint subulate,. loose, or at length squ shite tet in ing, some- 
what rbaceous ; rays about 10, elongated; achenia glabrou 

AMA dria, ie: cue Louisiana, Dr. Hale! A iis? ‘near the H 
Springs, Dr. Engelmann! | Sept.—Stem 3-4 feet high, vig very leafy 
i glabrous bbw: Éeobrbus-paberident, towards the summit. Leaves 
bright green above, pale beneath, oblanceolate, ciliate with hona and close 
bes odi hairs; the midrib and the few veins rather prominent on the lower 
surface ; the lowe er 3 inches or more in length, and nearly three-fourths 


IN 
A 


-— 
i 
È 
— 
p 
5 
EB 


IS are disposed in a narrow somewh wded raceme 4-6 inches long, 
lowered. Involucre and varie apparently slight: — Rays 
Bache p €—— Ac henia and ovaries perfectly glabro 


oa simples 1 is lanceolate acute ; d radical and loser cauline qe 
ngly appressed-serrate, ring into winged somewhat sheathing petioles; 
e upper sessile, entire; ‘racemes s simple or eens nd), appressed, nume- 
os forming a teanaed e panicle, which is. usually 
leafy towards the base ; eade ye imt gio. flowered ; scales of the 
ee ree lin Foa obtuse; rays 5-6, small; achenia gla- 
. p. 216; Willd. spec. 3. p. 2062; Pursh, rs 

Ms 2. p. 5 p K sd "habia haha rds. . appx . Frankl. bes ed. 9. p. 33 

de id 


TP 


D pan o of 
le ye smooth to the summit, even 
_ nearly so 


of a firm 3 


* 


Pad 


. Sommaco. ~+ COMPOSIT X. 205 


popular name applied in Hortus Kewensis, *« Willow-leaved Golden Rod," 

is xe the panicle narrow and perfectly strict (6 to 18 inches long, 

nly 1-2 wide), entirely in fruit by the middle of September; the achenia 

P Me Sisbroul, or MS presen cin i few amar s f PAM hairs, under a 

ns.—AÀ near approach to this species is sometimes observed in narrow- 

leaved states of S. neglecta, with shot jacéiner à iet akas if at - 
spreading or secund. 


E 


20. S. speciosa (Nutt.) : stem simpe; stout, glabrous; the summit, with 
the peduncles and pedicels hirsute-pubescent ; ini es bee. , smooth and 
gas with densely scabrous- éiliolate margins; the lower oval or ovate, 

wed into a margined diee mesi Serie the ippo r lanceolate or 

ditis linde , entire erect, forming a pyramidal or 
thyrsiform ev opie) pct : Bend yes large) on short pediótls, 
coto crowded E d scales of the dre nearly msc 
involucre oblong, o rays about 5, large; achenia very glabro 

bite nn. 2» pd (excl. syn. Pers.) ; pp n Jl. Cest. p. 
S. veu cg Micha. ! p as "y of Lin S. petiolaris, Mut ; 
cat. p. 79; Bart. fl. Phil. 2. p. 121; of Aste: 

8. angus fata smaller, less pubescen bees the summit; racemes short and 

` glomerate, forming a narrow and dense, bar ng cece ges ewhat compound 
+ pae EA aki Ell. ! te 2. p. 385; DC. prodr. 5. p. 340 
uscula: heads smaller ; panicle s strict; peduncles and summit of 
the wes kis pube escent; ppa nearly all entire and smaller, lanceolate or 
oblong, more rigid. 
Borders ‘of woods &c. yt Michauz) Massachusetts ! and Hep te 
New 


Kentucky ! and Florida! $. Jersey! North Carolina! Sout 

ei saa ucky ! y. St. Louis, Missou exas, ! Dr. 
! sep ie Dr. Lear p Prairies between the Missis- 

sipph i and Misso ri Rivers, Mr. Nicolle Aug.-Oct.—Stern 2% to 5 or even 

6 fout high, stt cien, 'glabrou us ed pe purple; the summi the 


mit a 
raschen, of pe is ig emi pubescent, in a greater or less degree, with short 
and close join airs, not unfrequently almost hirsute. Radical leaves 
inches or i in length, and 2-4 age sharply serrate, petioled ; the 
b ach 


slightly acuminate, narrowed into a hat margined petiole, hee very 
oe except the margins, with a rather strong midrib ; the ary veins 
u 


gt 


dense or spicate racemes, from 1 to 5 inches in length. Heads 
M eroded 12-16-(rarely 18- -) ) Hower v ae eue number of flowers ay 
but some s t varia of the involucre 1-nerved, 


> % ne E ru. greenis its, eri or Sea so, ap arge; the. 
the innermost 


ish s 

* Facer d ete shore very obtuse; the inn cee cies, 
times ac Rays conspicuous, € E el s 
varying iarr erig in the size of the l 


b arge an 
RS is a reduced state, growing in poda ; its contra 
Ofien simulating S. bicolor, for which indeed it E sometii 
^ Ys which p ly grows in more arid situations, has smaller he 
did ves; UM NE. often denas ly veined and more rigid. 
softly ci -pu 
che Mrs the branches ne very 


+ 


lower cauline a mple, 4-6 inches long, 1-2, or often 3 inches wide, acute or» 


ef 


$ 


Goer 
Pol 


206 ^ COMPOSITAE. " E... asd 


gined petioles; the uppermost cues Or lanceolate, sessile, mosily entire ; 
racemes loose, paniculate, or rarely somewhat corymbose, sometimes slightly 
recurved; scales of a nearly Samus involucre linear-lanceolate ; “rays 
10-12, large; acheni ubescen 
dy pine woods, Fir, vu een and Lenoir County, North Ca- 
rolina, Mr. M. A. Curtis! (Florida, Her » Rafinesque!)  May-June.— 
Stem ‘abot 2 feet high, oa ost t villous when young. Radical and lowest. 
c me 


mira fisked aliesa the summits of which are sometim a titele spread 
ing or recurved. Pedicelsslender. Rays linear-oblong, pide yello 


22. S. Terre-Nove: oy erect, smooth, panigula gooey ae and some- 
what pubescent at the summit; leaves glabrous; the cauline pen eolate, 
pai to the base, Ded entire ; de lowest E radical spatulate-oblong 

= oa ei iri petiole, somewhat ate; raceme Mery ^ p 
short, loose, forming a large expanding aS Giy fastigiate sas AE pan 
cle ; heads (s small] about 12-flowered ; ems c Mid involucre PW e 


small ; 
n bogs, Newfoundland, Pylaie ! Miss Br dua. (in herb. Hook.)—Plant 

1-2 feet high. Leaves repre minutely veiny i the lowest bout 3 inches 
p 


ire. Panicle open, 4-5 inches oed at the summit; the paniculate irregu- 
lar racemes more or less spreading, but not secund. Heads as large as in 
S. stricta; the scales of the involucre membranaceous and much narrower. 
—The specimen from Miss Brenton a nds of the panicle, with only the 
gemi of the stem, the former so much expanded that it was referred by 
to S. serotina : but it appears rather to belong to the present division. 


n hwmilis (Herb. Banks): glabrous; stem simple, erect; radical 


E iin oblanceolate or spatia, obtuse, crenate-serrate at the apex, tapering 
a petiol 


e; the cauline lane e, acute, narrowed at t ase; the up- 


ve 


Obtuse; rays 6-8, short; achenia minutely der nm urs ES 
543; Richards! appr. Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p.33; Hook.! fl. "Bor-A 

5; notof Desf. & DC. S. confertiflora, Fisch. gale animi pets m 
ind. sem. S hi gos. enm ex ann. sci. vus in ser.) 16 

B. stem ; heads more numerous, in short aei clusters Eoi 
in a nies cae: ideeeraptbd, virgate spike or compoun 
stricta, Hook. ! l. c., partly. 

Fort Albany, Hodson s Bay, and Newfoundland, Herb. Banks! Woody 
country between lat. tet and 64°, Richardson! Limestone RS on the 
| ver Sec. Verm ont, Dr. Robbins! 8. Carlton House 

n Aug 


.-Sept.—Stem 

labsou s; bút more « or ln. glutinous, as also the leaves 
[pri the raceme comm and slender, or more or less compounes 
ss -the mi th 


s of a firm te: ly toothed a m 
cauline Š about 2 aces sag vt Dp wide, serru rrulate above; the upper nar- 


: rower entire.— Differs Ad eet! in its more rigid foliage, 
read 


e ah sho eraler ot do is 9lpere sete T ec nodi obtuse, 
pearing somewhat glutinous. ~~ 


A ie Aan id stem erect, terete CR ae et lane cec 


* 


T = 


Sonipaco. $ COMPOSITE. | 207 


erect, simple or compound; scales of the involucre sese: [or EE 

acute ; rays about 8, elongated ; achenia minutely pubescent. .DC.— Linn 

spec. 2. p. 880; Engl. bot. t. 301; Fl.Dan. t. 663 ; Hook. m Bor. rs 2. 
5; DC.! rodr. 


5 
8. alpina (Bigel. ! I. c.) : stem 3-8 inches high, simple, glabrous or pubes- 
cent, bearing ie ias 8) heads; scales of the — gone MY gla- 


brous; rays s ; leaves oblabóe olate, oblong-obovate, or spat 
y- uliadita ; stem villous-pubescent, si dese or emp esed at 
the summit ; heads (large) in a dense thyrsoid or corymbose raceme; scales 


of the involucre narrow, nearly glabrous ; rays 8-12; leaves ciliate, oblong- 
lanceolate (neo or peo TUER to the base.—S. mu ir ssec E d 
Kew. l.c. p. 9218; Pursh! fl. 2. p. 5427 Hook.! fl. Bor Am. 2. p.5 dne 


à sh, l.c. gt s 
, Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. i, ser.) 7. p. 328, not of Ell. Wa. 
ries, with the rays fewer and emalin S. Virga-Aurea, Hook. & Arn. ! 
bot. Beechey, p. 126. S. Virga-Aurea var. Arctica, DC. ! 
Arctic America! and Labrador ! i the ocky. Mountains ! (in about lat. 
» $4?) Unalaschka! Sledge Island! and Kotzebue's Sound! = & Pre y) 
- On the bare summits of the White Mountains of New — : 
Mount Marcy, Essex County, New York! Shore of m Supe rr 
Pitcher! Dr. Houghton! | Aug.-Sept.—A very variable species, "which i 
this country is confined to the Northern regions, and the higher mo ihi 
e the Northern States. Nearly all the war specimens belong ae 
to var. B., which very oaa approaches the var. Cambrica of Eur 
the var. y, which p insensibly into Je forms of this species, " 
which it should bd. e united. 


- S. thyrsoidea (E. Meyer) : stem erect or som what flexuous, simple, 
vey ‘glabrous, the summit and peduncles villous- pubescent ; leaves glabrous, — 
ovate, irregularly and sharply serrate, acute or acuminate, veiny, all exce z ; 
the enis paing abruptly narrowed into very long petioles ; n 
oblong- e, subsessile, often pubescent beneath ; raceme oblon 
ple or iig hel dr  uipapd : heads large; the peduncles recie sheh; ; 
scales of ihe involucre et equal, an neeolate , acum ninate, membranaceous, 

s 8-10; a 


summit).—E. Meyer, pl. Labrad. p. 63; DC. prod 7. (mant.) p. 279. 
.S. leiocarpa; DC.! prodr. 5. p.339. S. rmultiradiata, Nutt. ! in trans. 
mer. ope soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 328, not of Ait.! S. Virgaurea, a. Bigel. fl. 


- 


Bost. 

Labrador, Herzberg (E; Meyer), poen AE m in bot - Schweinitz, 
herb. Collins, &c.) Lower Canada, Michaur: 
of the Wine Mountains s of New w Hampshire, De: Boott! M. "Oakes 2 


UE e lea inc upp 
mina about half that length, and an inch or more in breadth) ; for its larger 
heads, wh ch ae e are only ex sebda by the following; and the glabrous — — 
achenia, ipid which, however, a Tittle hairiness is observable near the sum- — 
it. The raceme commonly consists of 6 to 12 heads, on short and simple 
bractless peda neles from the axils of the upper leaves, &c., rather crowded : 
but one imen from Labrador presents a large raceme more than 6 inches 
long, with nearly all the peduncles somewhat e elongated and bearing 2 to 4 
heads; the pedicels often longer danke heads, and furnished with a linear- 
. subulate. e, scarious, deciduous sad pests Rays s rather puc qe | 
x. well described by Meyer. s 
(O85. S. glomerata Michx.): stem low, very simple; bee T ` 


E ? a as : : asd 


A 


208 > COMPOSITÆ. s — 


ple, lanceolate, serrate ; raceme mi ue of axillary clusters, the uppermost 
capitate, crowded ; involucre turgid, many-flowered. Michx. fl. 2. p. 117. 
Mountains of Carolina, Michaur.—With much oe we join to this 
species a remarkable heed icas we had cdi S. D collected in 
flower on the Roan Mou Mr. Curtis, sue is also abundant 
pies "ah m of ‘he Grandfather N. Carolina (ray in Sill. journ. 42. 
5): ring in August. It is one to 2 feet high, with a stout striate- 


p.3 
angular rous des with large, TET lanceolate or obovate -lanceolate, 


glabrous leaves, 4-9 inches long, the lower 2-3 , ciliate especially to- 
wards the tapering entire base, serrate bove with pall sharp teeth, acumi- 
nate, veiny, of a firm but rather thin texture; the radical tape ring i ! 
winged petiole. Ho» la ager — those of S. rigida, 3-7 together in | 
racemes or clusters in the a the upper leaves, ‘at first glomerate, but 


compo it. Scales 
imbricated in 3 o 1-nerved, acutish; the exterior oblong-ovate, the 
innermost alg ir nea ily glabro ous. ee 30-40 in each givin 
the rays 10-12, ig in proportion. Achenia pubescent towards the su 
mit, weeny glabrous below.—We know not what pan Nuttall had in it 
as the S. glomerata, ; of which he remarks (Gen. 2. p. 1 te. ae Lower leaves 
a a p acuminate, pilis dh nearly a allied to Aste Nor have w 
been able to ascert cies mentioned vy Schweinitz (in Ell. sk. 9. 
p- 387,) as *' distinguished a its deep and close serratures, and the capitate 
form of the axillary racemes” : the latter, bier, | is probably S. latifolia. 


Po 


£ o C: 


* * * Heads in a compoun t inating the simple stem, showy : r md 
veined or 3-nerved. emiten é 


t Scales of the involucre acute : achenia pubescent: leaves veiny.' 


97. S. spithamea (M. A. Curtis! mss.): stem villous-pubescent, leafy ; 
leaves oval or oblo ci Ta bd gu. nearly deque sharply serrate 
above the middle, or the upperm the lowest and radical spatulate- 
oblong, tapering into winged petioles “heals (middle-sized) disposed in a 
compound glometate corymb; peduncles and gen villous ; scales of the 
involucre somewhat equal, Taolat, ci Pay rays 6 or 7, short ; achenia 
ap. 5 


—— ry i « 
Rocky places on the bald summit of the "bun Mountain, North Carolina 
(at an ce TN of 6000 feet) ; where it was discovered, in 1835, by Mr. 


OW! presse 
L-nerved, Heby carinate, with scarious i Rinwtely pend ci mať- 
or inato; the outer broadl y, the inner narrowly lanceolate. 
y exserted. 


cae obtuse: achenia glabrous : ge mostly feather- 
several 


* EM 
veined from a a strong midrib: 


= 


ue 


* 


SoLIDAGO. = COMPOSIT E. x- 209 


about 34-flowered, crowded.—Linn. spec. 1. PD 880; Ait.! Kew. (ed. 1) 3. 
p. 916; Mich.! fl. 2. p. 118; Pursh! fl. 2 . p. 543; Eil.! sk. 9. p. 390; 
Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 5; DC. prodr. 5. p. 337. S. grandiflora, Raf. 
in med. iur (hex. 2) 5. p: 359. Virga-Aurea Novæ- -Angliæ, Herm. parad. 
t. 243. (poo 
Dry soil, poe Connecticut! New York! and Pennsylvania! to North 
Carolina ! &c. along the eges ak zr from Saskatchawan, Michigan ! 
and Missouri! to Arkansas! and Tex Aug.-Oct.—Stem 3-4 feet high, 
stout and rigid, clothed with, a ith. pubescence Leaves thick, clothed 
With a minute and so pe Aral oy ry pubescence, scabrous, or often rather 
ft or _velvety beneath, r less serrate with fine mostly appressed or 
] lat crenate pag die dicil ones 4 to 9 inches Jong, on petioles 
the same length; the upper cauline reduced to 1-2 inches in length, 
q h 


about t 
broadly oval or r ovate-oblong. Heads among the largest and most showy of 


the genus. . Scales of the involucre oblong, very obtuse, slightly striate, 
pubescent o or almost on us. Rays large, oblong, 7-10.  Achenia 
very glabfou 


29. S: — (Ell): stem stout, V bie the corymbose branches 
and short r acemes hirsute-pubescent ; S (cauline) ber eique 
closely sessile, rigid, glabrous, with wer g ciliate and very scabro 
gins, mostly serate; heads (large) in short and Woo SEERA E 
about 30-flowered.— Ell. ! 2.9. 37 

In » middle districts of Georgi Elliott ! / Sept.-Oct.—** Stem 4-6 feet 
high, robust Sir virgately erect, branching.near the summit, the young 
iis hirsute.” Ell. Radical leaves gakuen wn; the lower cauline 4-6 
nches long, ead an inch wide, coriaceous, the m argin rough with close fine 

a e 


length, rather crowded, somewhat acute; the younger more apes and the 
lower surface sometimes furnished iege scattered hairs... Heads smaller than 
in S. rigida, but about twice the size of those of the following goes, on ra- 
ther slender angela pedicels, dinine ed in loose short racemes terminating 
the c branches, those of the lower or exterior racemes pire and 
recarvedipreading. Involucre minutely pul similar to that of S. rigi- 
da. Rays about 10, rather large. Achenia per erfectly ree Rapt 
long as the corolla of the disk... Doubtless distinct from the preceding, if dn 
stem is constantly smooth. What is = b decur Poir. suppl., of unknown 
origin, with rough etenateiboted lea 
30. S. Ohioensis ONDE 1): very smooth and glabrous; stem strict, fasti- 
giate-corymbose a summit; radic aj and lowest cauline leanes lanceolate- 
oblong, obtuse, with gy late-scabrous finely serra ards 
apex, tapering into slender petioles; the prius cblong-lanceolate, closely ses- 
sile, mostly entire; heads (rather small) numerous, in a compound corymb, 
pe hoot glabrous pedicels, 1em de pappu us = aa than the corolla 
k.— Riddell ! 8. estern 
"Wet grassy prairies of Obio, Mr. Van Cleve! i , Riddell! "End of Indi, 
ana, Mr. Lea! Also in various parts of Western New LE Dr. some 
Knie: . Cli A 


ls. L 
ical 5-8 5-9 inches long, an inch or an inch an 


libe; B mite um 
with petioles often about th length ; the cauline —À ely sided 
in size (the uppermost about an inch long), rather crow wde T us A Scales of 
the narrow in 8-10, oblong Rays 6-7, s P. 

E a VOL. 11.—27 : 


ad 


* 

210 3 | COMPOSITE. Sonmpaco. —— 
ex S. Riddellii (Frank): stem stout, glabrous, corymbose at the summit, 
g^ the branches an — pigri e leaves lanceolate, elonga- 
acute, e glabrous, with scabro argins, obscurely nerved ; the 


radical on rs MA patna tha ca Molina: partly c clasping or sheathing 

ane -conduplicate, mostly arcuate ; heads (middle-sized) yey n umerou 
ustered, forming a compound fa Mur. corym -94-flowered.— Fra 

i Riddell, synops. l.c. S. Mexicana £. Sosbus. lee toc ih boli Hook. | 4 
compan e in p. 97. 

Wet and grassy prairies, Ohio, .Dr. Riddell ! bd Van Cleve! Dr. Pad- 
dock! Mr. € St. Louis, Missouri, Drummond! Dr. Engelmann! 
and on St. Peter's River, Mr. Nicollet! Wisconsin, Mr. Lapham! | Sept.- 
Oct.— Stem oin 2 feet high, very leafy to the summit. Leaves with a ra- 
ther strong midrib, and 1 to 3 more or less distinct parallel nerves, form 
numerous reticulations with the minute and close veinlets, thin but cue 

i dic * T 


petioles, into which the limb (6-9 lines wide in the middle) is gradually at- 
tenuated, often falcate; the cauline 4-8 inches oig: about half an inch 
wide, iba apoie and pani sheathing at the base, ee rarcuntespred è 
ing or recurved. eads dep larger than in the preceding, muc 
on the ei of the large c nd corymb, usu aly on short prie 
eec gree ug the involucr cerit iuri nerved, nearly gla- 
brous. s 7-9, small and n Achen a glabrous, or slightly an 
sparsel sec iio fessos a lens. Sed ‘beautiful and very distinct species, al- 
lied to the preceding. 


t t t Scales of the involucre obtuse: achenia glabrous: leaves nerved: rays 2-3. 


„> 99. S. nitida: stem strict, very smooth below, fatigiato- coy Tai at the 
summit ; the bran ches and pedicels ipo -pubescent ; leaves rigid, very 
smooth and shining, nerved, lanceolate or linear, i ge acute, the margins 

iliolate- seated towards the apex ; the radical and lowest cauline tapering 
into short petioles; the duci sessile; heads (middle-sized) in loose fastigiate 


mbs, about 14-flo 
Dry pin pine woods Se. Nus ern Louisiana, Dr. Leavenworth! Dr. Hale! 
and E. ee Aug.—Oct.—Stem 9-3 feet 
high, slender or aed stout, simple, terminated by a single fastigiate 
corymb, or somewhat branched near the sum vus the’ branches rigid, erect, 
fastigiate, clothed with a short rough mine Leaves varying a line- 
smoot 


X 


shining (the margins also smooth tow; side the eni rarely with one or two 
obscure serratures near the apex, eerie h 1 to 3 nerves or parallel 


perfectly glabrous.—The leaves vary in width i ss oat epicingepi fro. 
2-3 lines to DE. of a — The plant fa ee quantities í of 


> 


SoripaAco. 3 COMPOSITE. 21] 


ed ager ituations, on shelving rocks towards the western — of the 

ky Mountain eee - R — Plant about a span high, ir 

clusters from the sam s (persistent?) with Nain scabrous 

igi slightly ane oe ae dbi. Scales of the involucre with sca- 
us margins, obscurely mucronate. 


* * + * Natives of brackish swamps: racemes erect or spreading, paniculale: leaves 
thickish or fleshy, very smooth and entire, obscurely veiny, often somewhat triplinerved. 
— Maritime. 


- S. Mexicana (Linn es stem oblique, glabrous; leaves lanceolate, 

Fei fleshy, very entire, yen throughout; racemes ues erect ; 

peduncles —— recap rays elongated, Ait.— Linn. ! hort. Cliff. 

Pc & spec. 2. p. f t 7 Kew. tg. 1) 3. p. € sel, syn. Tourn. 
; nov. 


c. 

re p. 104. S. limonifolia, Pu s syn. 2 (P 449, at ledet à as $ to the cheligctór. 
Described from specimens pce eg into European n gardens € iiis 
two hundred years ago, at first of répute - ican origin; but ards 
® supposed to a a native of this country and not of Mexico; whence Pa ersoon 
changed the and succeeding bot tide have partially confounded > 

with the following species. De was — probably pria usd from Mexi 

or the ies; since we have seen no native specimens of the United 


States RH Mit un ith the Tanasi plant, while the s jeres of Humboldt 
doe 


: it is moreover given as a West Wie un Ten ot Swartz, who, by 
m to n 
t a his plant MES distinct from the more hern ae. and in the Hortus 


me A of Sir Hans Sloane.— s are in e pani- 
cles, crowded at the summit of the MER an di in the ax f the obus upper 
leaves; the gei E the pedicels with numerous subulate bracts, 


e 
tioned by Nutta Il (trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 328), as a native of 
the a iyi coast, near n Barbara, should be found to belong to this 
specie 

35. S. sempervirens (Linn. ): : stem erect, glabrous; leaves fleshy, lanceo- 
late, entire, acute, sessile, slightly Semis obscurely triplinerved ; the radi- 
cal lanceolate-oblong, on elongated petioles ; racemes pede (simple or 
compound), more or less secund and spreading; peduncles usd 
nearly glabrous.— Linn. / spec. 9. p. 878; Pursh, fl. 2. p. ; Ell. ! ! sk. 

Spx prodr. 5. p. 335. S. Mill. 


dict. Virga-Aurea = Solidago procerior, &c. Pluk, alm. t. 935, f. 5? 
e Dor prés and fleshy ; ype me short, in a contracted panicle, more 
eund o rned to one side. S M -Aurea limoniifolio, &c. "Tourn. 
04 2. Pluk. alm. t. M Z 2? Solidago levigata, Ait. ^ Kew. ted. 
p 215; Pursh, fl. 2. p ; DC. lee. S. limonifolia, Pers 
of authors. 


Y. leaves linear-lanceolate, tapering to each end, v - acute, uidi; 
oce erect, in a pyramidal rather strict beach: oes 


ERG 
|. ‘leaves scarcely, or not at all as elongated lanc late, tapering 
each end, very acura racemes short, mostl ns secund, in a close ue some- 
what decurved panicle.—S. viminea, Ait.! Kew. l. c. p. 215. S. integer- 


t., ex Ait. ; 
or brackish marshes along the coast of the United ieri to Mas- 
s! and Canada. Sept.-Oct pie. remis feet high. Margin. 


T I 


S19 : ; . COMPOSITE. i SoriDAGO. 


of the leaves sometimes scabrous. Heads — e 10. Achenia, 
- all the — of this section, somewhat pubesc —We have TE 
mbin r more species; but the form of the pe i&c. is vari- 
able, em i xd eph of iR beo probaby varies with the iiia e the 
marsh; becoming almost membranaceous, as in var. ô., when the water is 
enn fre fresh. 


a5. S8. i deseri E): Nery. Bou: stem erect, strict, simple, or 
^ someti imes bra ; leaves thick, short, erect, lanceolate- 
linear, sessile, mm acu ale. ume the lower la Mer s attenuate at 
e base; racemes short, erect or at le ength somewhat recurved, sometimes 
secund, disposed * a close and virgate — panis peduncles and PHA els 
slender; heads small.—Ell.! sk. 9. p. 388; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 341 
In brackish swamps, Carolina! to F lorida ! Texas, Drummon d! ` Sept. 
with somewha i the habit of S. virgata. Stem 2-4 feet high, 
imple and virgate, or producing Monder , branches near the summit, an 
ios here ted by a p crowded icle; the very numerous hea ads 
smaller, and the scales of pde involucre narrow - than in the preceding spe- 
cies. Upper leaves Sauce inch long, often subulate ; the lower more vocas 
tered, less pointed, s Uere d broadly lanceolate. —The leaves in the Tex 
specimens are more vend essed. 


37. S. integrifolia (Desf.): stem erect, simple, somewhat pubesc scent; 
leaves lanceolate, sessile, acuminate, slightly and obsoletely viplinerved, : 
glabrous, entire, the lowest [rather obtuse] sparsely d nticulate ; raceme 
axillary, erect, somewhat panicled om g an 1 elongated rather large pani- 
o pedicels pubescent ; ite: of th ite ; rays elongated. DC. 

& Des esf. ! cat. hort. Par. ed. 1804, Y 103, ee ed. 3. p. 402” ; Pers. syn- 2. 

. 449; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 340. (excl. s syn. S. speciosa, go S. elata, 

Pursh, F 2. i 543, partly (spec. cult. Soland. ! dn herb. Banks.) ; imd 


das * North - America.” — We nar ve ny seen cultivated specimens, € origin Á 
the dd petente cles, &c. are pubes- —— 


of which The t of 
‘cent; _the fiche: ecd dd ihe ebenin pubescen 


* * * * * Racemes spreading or recurved (scorpioid), secund : leaves veiny. (sometimes 
indistinctly triplinerved), usually lly serrate. —Secundiflore. 
t Hiesa usually ample, serrate, e, loosely ye gres one of the pde on each 


ehtly tri pli- 


iki 


 merved: heads middle-sized. — Tm : 11 


. 88. S. elliptica (Ait.): stem et LE ce elliptical, smooth, se 
rate; racemes paniculate, secund ; middle-sized, [peduncles a and edis’ 
ne minutely pubescen nt; scales of the Ies en —— acute ; 


5. 
pubescent]. Ait.! Kew. (ed. 214; not of Ell., nor ap 
- tà Mill. dict., ex .Ait. - d. dia, Scopoli, f: insubs 25 in 


verhis America, Hort. Kms Canada, ae decies in which the subjoined: 
particu are iven.— —“ ma stiff, round, vith a white bark, up- 
3 feet. Leaves spear-sha 


Se 


NN 97. : 
* Swamps, rios ps and moist woods, Can ada, Massachusetts! New Yo York | 


Soumpaco. “$ COMPOSITE. 213 


losely sessile and mostly entire: the short and dense racemes ogy a 
erowded and leafy pyramidal panicle. Heads middle-sized. Rays 10-12. 


39. neglecta : stem stout, smooth; leaves thickish, smooth and gla- 
brous ; the radical and lowest cauline oblong or ovate-lanceo M appressed- 
- serrate, petioled ; the others elliptical or oblong-lanceolate, n ostly acute at 
each end, sessile tim cpg pie pet ‘finely prelimi: Lor ; the 
upper entire; race short, dense, secund, what spreading, disposed in 
an elongated or pyra usen somewhat leafy h. sailéad ; peduncles and pedicels 
nearly glabrous; scales of the 8-12-flowered involucre oblong, obtuse; rays 
rather large ; achenia een glab rous. 
In swamps, bere qe and New York! to North Carolina! and In- 
—This 


diana! Aug.-Se not uncommon Solidago has doubtless been no- 
ticed; but a M refer it, with reasonable probability, to any. genie d 
species. It is cs gage from S. arguta its elongated p with 
Short racemes, whi ch are at first erect (the lower often shorter ja od leaves 
which subtend vicit pit y ih er heads with muc er flowers, &c. : 
Muhlenbergii by the more entire and rigid, seldom aid beds 

'* more strict and terete stem, fewonilieweced heads, &c.: from S. e ca by 


the broad and obtuse scales of the involucre (which are M at 


ceolate or nattowly oblong, finely cr nate-serrate, often eg se, tapering into 
kaader = les; which are fre neatly succeeded by la larger acuminate radi- 
bgt 


og sh oceur: as l, wi ith coriaceous Ives: eep green above, tie gr aed 

Scarcely scabrous ; the panicle either small and st ot a large and loose 
with many of the lo we racemes often shorter than the ives (Can this be be 
. S. verrucosa, Schra or sometimes compou ind. from the stem producing 
bra nches : t the ding mit (this is possibly the S. dubia, Sco, 


80! s e 
leaves slightly scabrous. Sometimes the r pen are erect, at least until 
old, 


| non aee minutely pubescent.—JMuhl.! in Willd. spec. 3. p. 2059 ; 
; Darlin ingt." fi 17; 457. S. "p 

: me) Peed fl. 2. p. 53 
Sched. i in DC. prodr. 5 
ii strietula : : stem simple « or is so; hoge acd pera es, at first 
! scarcely secund, constituting a virgate compoun apes upper 

e 3 small.—S E inh. Ell. sk. 2. p. 389. S. scabra, Hook. ! ! compan. 
. mag. 1 


and Wisconsin cat ommo: 
Carolina atte Flonda! and Louisiana! Au qr ane is sp 


ished by the sh peeks roughness of the 
d ines on ale s, and their livid or leaden | 
is l rface is perfectl 
te zi i specimene by Dr. Dar he m ; dg i "e naccountably ained by Willde- 
. ntion 1 his mss. Flora Lancastriensis) ; 


, (herb. Banks., 
Bor.-Am. 2. p. 3. S. angulata, - 


214 -COMPOSITJE. SoriDAGo. 


in short racemes on the spreading branches. Mee nn the stem is simple, 
with the short and crowded racemes at first erect, and scarcely secund when 
old. = he leaves are rather finely tese Be na veined, the veins conspi- 
cuous on the lower surface; the radical often 6 inches long à nd 3-4 broad, 
edy dete were into aw vinzed satis, i pet ve er cauline C MG similar, 
narrowed at the base, or contracted into inged petiole ; the upper 
meo estne smaller n. more closely seio, Pieco Rebiong, acute or 
metimes obtuse. ut in deep shade, the leaves become more 
Finca BERpábecus and Teas" close ; 


41. "a arguta (Ait.) : smooth and carm epson except the minute- 
ly ciliate margins of the leaves; ste radical and lower cauline 
leaves cg elliptical n lanceolate-oval, ny (ober serrate, with spread- 
ing teeth, acuminate, tapering into winged and a jee oy the others 
lanceolate or oblong, somewhat tiplinarved, taperi each end, sessile, 
serrate, the uppermost — racemes dense, at ade ‘elongated and re- 
curved, forming a crowded corymbose pan — rev of the involucre ap- 
pressed; ra s 8-12, small, e ‘isk. flowers abot : verno  scafcoly pu- 

escen 


+ p.319; Purs 

p. 374?) DC. prodr. 5. p. 333; not of Muhl., Diet Vc S. ciliaris, 

Muhl.! in Willd. spec. - la 2056; Darlingt. . Cest: p.455; DC. 
r: 5. p. 331. S. argentea, Hornem. suppl., e x d 

B. juncea: lower leave i nao er and less dee ply serrate, the upper more 


entire.—S. juncea, Ait.! Kew. hg ; Pursh, l.c.; Hook.! fl. Bor.-.Am. 2. 
as 


cabrella: leaves, especially the lower, scabrous or roughish-pubescent, 
at je beneath; racemes vie z -: 

Meadows, fie lds, &c. either in d a. & 8. Canada (from 
Subarctic America, — rdson Á a an iod agouti, the Mother em | Western tern 
Fires d South rolina! E Barrens of Indiana, Dr. Clapp! Marshes 

sins, 1 Kentuck ky, Dr. Short! Wisconsin, Mr. Lapham! Aug. 

er age it tout species, 9-4 feet high, alb 
by the very dne us heads, mostly smaller than in any of its allies, com- 
pactly disposed i ich form an ample 


ppre 
somewhat carinate pin of the involucre (the exterior ovate-oblong) ; 
h th 


small rays ; glabrous branches of the inflorescence, with the bracts usually 
e 


&c. The young achenia are more or less pubescent under. a v d M it 
when mature they are almost glabrou Rom 


S. a: stem angled, dijon leaves (ia e ad thin) 
abrous both sides, very sharply and strongly serrai pe 

cal P on winged eren or ciliate) petioles; the cauline ellipti ca 
€ XY 5 gr se ring into a narrow base or margined petioles ; 


* "x 
Low or shady grounds, "Madina Vermont! New York! E 
ns lvania! Aug Pb feet xp ich cone or bere te sei 
t en rrate with Dart 
asin those of S Miola, vw ich they somew ese ri the a 
and apex mostly entire. Panicle NDA HM ON ni 
La 


E. ; Eo & 


à 


$e y » ; S 


Sonraco: ~ COMPOSITE. 215 


lateral branches or racemes m ostly short, more or less secund, but seldom. 
recurved : the heads crowded, larger than in S. arguta, and as large as in 
S. tim the rays also pretty large.—This plant best emi the name 
of S. a , for which Muhlenberg and Darlington have taken it: but the 
d original dps of ene wma appears to be the S. diane of these authors. 
aid to resem . ambigua, in which species t the racemes are 

not dee and the sir are almost villous. 


43. S. Boottii (Hook.): stem usually ES radical and lowest cau- 
line leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate, serrate, on slender wire iene $ 
the others lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, appressed-serrate (or the en- 
tire), acuminate at both ends, or contracted into a winged n t de icum 
loosely ipei ge se ngated ; heus of the involucre narrowly oblong, 'ob- 

i ubescent. 


tuse ; rays 2-5; isk-flowers 8-12; aclienia minutel 
a. stem cde, gis s : ‘the lax spreading branches A e bearing 
(few or og €— € d racemes ; leaves glabro ehe cabrous 
margin er entire.—8S. Boottii, i. Hook. re ahi to hw mag. 1. p. 97, 


* B. stem slender, glabrous; racemes very lice paniculate; lower leaves 
somewhat pubescent, or sometimes nearly all scabrous-pubescent on both 


i ONE and both surfaces of the se seabrous-pubescent branches slen- 
der, bearing rather loose a often simple r 


. glabro cept the 
at both ends, often very sharply serrate: 3 racemes rather dense, sec cund, re- 
pud Pras a sparse terminal panicle —S. juncea? Ell?! E: 2. p. 375, 
not o 


mt po stem stout; leaves rigid, oblong, less acuminate, the lower 
serrate with spreading teeth; racemes dense, very numerous, forming an 
panicle. 


P 
5 
AE 


TS and oer egi aa Carolina! to Florida! and Louisiana! 

a, Drum a, Dr. Leavenworth? B. Louisiana, Dr. 

Fig Dr. ce y. y. Georgia , Dr. Boykin! 6. Southern States! 

apparently common, e. Louisiana, Dr. Mi esate Dr. Hale! Texas, 

ife ond.! Au -Oet Variable in many respects, yet apparently a well 
large ue 


44. S. ica smooth and glabrous digo ut; stem virgate, 
ched towards the summit; Re branches pea very long and slender, 


leafy, terminated by single virgate secund racemes with the apex somewhat 
ometi compound at the base; “leaves n narrowly spatulate- 
tuse, tapering to the base, with ciliolate-sca margins, 
entire, t most sparingly serrate; hein d lucre narrowly 
; rays mostl wantings achenia pe 
| Flor i Bis P ini "^ feet high, terete, strict and 
à ender rc "rather rigid ; he lowest 3-4 inches long, and vue half 
^. an inch wide towards the a apex, dinceddete Wi with a gradually attenuate 


base or winged vase and a rather strong mid-nerve, Ear 'riplinerved 
above the middle, the veinlets obscure e, usually somew ewhat the others 
entire gradually red 


inches long, terminating the n 
heads entirely atiteteraly ‘large in proportion (as large as dé in 
ded, on ;: the summit of the main stem 


— 


216 saat E Sopa: 


ends, on slender ciliate peri the upper often oblong, n rum entire; . 
panicle small, turned t side (rarely Pisani ta the s hort racemes atije 
len, n i I 


hort, 
gulata, DC.! prodr. 5. p. 329, excl. syn. Chrysoma uniligulata, Nutt. in 
trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. = 325. Solidago uliginosa, ile Nutt.! 
7. p. 


der plant, 1 to 90 inc ches high; with a inher only k or 4 inches long, some- _~ 
what ai. Biually turned to one side; the short and rather crowded 
racemes at length spreading or ne en recurved; heads small. Radical 


b nid aet vires often nc a few eye os hairs when s 


stricta 2 dh o have been more or less confounded by ; Nuttall under his S. 
uliginosa; Dr. Pickering’s specimens from **sphagnous swamps an 

thickets i in Meise ” preserved in the herbarium of the Academ gs ed 
Natural Sciences, belonging society d to S. stricta; while others from New 
Jersey belong to the vemm spec ë 


+ t Leaves wok. ee copiously feather-veined, the veinlets conspicuously 
* lated e. heads Lx Š In 


- altisst i m): stem hirsute with rough io: leaves ovate- 
Z Merci or ds Bcc. acute at each end or minate, sessile, 
coarsely serrate with sharp and unequal iotiddind ied sonal fi end 
bic e more or [ess reticulated, often rugose, sca a e on 
es p niculate, secund PEE or rec caress 
r G=! i ers 4-7 ; ache- 
nia pubescent Lion. spec. 9. E ert Ait. ! Kew. (ed. 4 3.1 p ie ee i 
spec. 3. p. 2058; Sage 2. 5 ; Hoo 
2; Darlingt.! p Cest. p. 456. (Virgen spec. Dill. LH. TX 30, " 
š 393.) (S. altissima, pilosa, recurvata, & Virginiana, Mill. S. altis- E" 
. . sima, aspera, rugosa T: villosa, Pu s aft 2 < p.996. S- altissima, aspera, 
7 humilis, D ! prodr. s 


npn 333. $c.) 

..B. stem. pose ens thin, Hay and sharply serrate, oien je 

Maps end OM Y above, and po^ softly hairy on the veins 
.d. C. 


x qoe endet aru or pe tee a A leaves serdi with ap- 
teeth, v. ur g from ovate-oblong to lanceolate (th uppermost n not 


5 reticulat » mostly 1 b YN ea Nova 
-folüs crenatis, Dill. Elth: 100 Solidago n 
iem Tn — ed. 2) 5. p. 66; Pursh! ft 


SoripAco. .. COMPOSITA. 217 


p.537; Ell.! sk. M s 574; Hook.! l.c. (Varies, with the stem hirsute, 
as in icon. Dill., 5S. ulmifolia, Ell.! sk. 9. p- 373 (spec. ex Muhl. P 
not of Muhl. E. or o Willd. or scabrous with a short pubescence; with the 
ES either very scabrous, o r almost smooth i. ene the lowermost 
ly serrate with sharp cem teeth, as i 
^N leaves elliptical or oblong-ovate, short, ient “serrate, very strongl 
rugose, scabrous po the war surface, with the stem, pubescent wit 
close aha soft hai 
e. leaves ovate- ellipdedi or oblong, serrate with small and sharp mostly 
eo 


Pi 


appressed teeth, somewhat rugose, very sca a E above, scabrous-pubescent 
beneath.—Virga-Aurea aspera, &c. Dill. E Po per 2 em oss 
era, Ait.! Kew. (ed 1 p. 2125 Wald. . 795 


4588; 3. p. 371. : 

‘Borders of fields and thickets, mostly in AA o nd, Canada! 
^ popped ^ recipes f var. B.) i iei d " Uni- 

tates! ve isiana, Drummond! Dr. Ingalls! Du 

Takaia! E. Pennsylvania, 'Muhlenbere t to eor orgia, Dr kin! 
Aug.—Oct.—One of the most common Golden- Rods, exhibiting a t e vari- 
ety of forms; of which v. we have only characterized the more striking. A 
correct view of the species, we think, is taken in the first edition “of the Hor- 
tus i e in 


yy 
fi y 
pà 


inten 
næus, but the Aken iai addu en = least those of Dillenius, belong to this . 
ifi 


species. The s ame is always nmn the plant varies 
3 to 6 or fait libe vix 


base, inate, and bue ra! serra up 
tire), van a M oh smooth above, softly hairy be reith. especially the d iM 
rib and s; racemes paniculate, oue eMe scales of the in- 
volucre lanceolate-oblongs rays about 4, short; ache ia minute aeg 
cent Pre i in Willd. spec. 3. p. 2060 ; Pursh, fi. 2. p. 538; Darlingt.! 
Jt. Cost, d 457; DC. prodr. 5. p. 333 (ex char.); not of Ell. 
low grounds, Northern and Western States! and along th 


upper country to Alabama! Aug.—Sept.—Resembles some states of the 
ing species; but the striate stem is glabrous, or with scattered soft 
and the thin leaves are softly pubescent or villous beneath, and either 
Lis d or sparsely hairy above, &c.: the radical leaves are elliptic-ovate, 
winged petioles. The specifi des is not appropriate, but this is i 
plant described by Willdenow, € of Muhlenberg's herbarium, yet not 
one sent by the latter to Elliott. 


- Drummondii: stem and lower surface of ~ leaves, especially - 


tire; racemes secund, paniculate; scales of the involucre o 
ig LP Ho the disk-flowers 5 or ey achenia pubescent e bod 
1.2”  Hook.! com to bot. mag. 
SOUT end Lanai Dr. Leavenworth /—Upy 


xit 


: s, Missou 

thé Wien the lower on not seen), with the j 

d clothed wi ih a fine i velvety pubescence, leafy to e su 
“eaves 2 ees or more in length, about an inch and a half wide, of a 
rather firm texture; abruptly acute at both e ends, appearing weg lt petioled, 
strongly serrate; the yo shghtly pobre above; those of the branch- 
aoe often o lits, * Fondi pe nearly as large as in S. altissima. Invo- 
nearly glabro Pippi dme than the corolla of the disk- 
E d 

Em ` In—28 


a 


218 COMPOSITE. ` /— : Soutpaeo. 


uppermost usu ally entire; racemes loosely paniculate, secund; scales of the 
i sofily ^e i 


e 
cou gone mem. ruxelles, 


. except that the con tracted Eres. is longer and narrower; while the upper, 
5 educ . 


A 


go 

s d Sa rent iphylla (Chapman!. mss.): stem scabrous-pubescent, often 
el ed above, very leafy; leaves glabrous, with Pea cte 

Mice anaes veiny; the lowest oblong-spat press aii. es 

margined petiole, appressed-serrate; the others oval o 2 er cisely 

K sessile, often nearly entire; the secund racemes dis ied i in 3 viia e pani- 

cle; scales of the wide ca Mons. obtuse; achenia minutely canescent; 

i disk-flowers 5-6; rays 

vu Middle Florida, * in Fase soil, Dr. Chapman! Dr. Alexander! | Geo 

- ^ & Alabama, Baldwin! Le Conte !—Stem 4-6 feet high, often mach branched 


\ 


? 
elliptical, ovate, or roundish, entire or sparingly serrate, sometimes mucronu- 
late-acute, the lower su urface rather obscurely "tic late-veined. Heads 
t the size of those of S. diii Scales of the involucre glabrous, very 
minutely ciliate; the exterior very short.— find no rays in this well- 
ed s species ; but some of. the exterior flowers are occasionally destitute 
of stamens. i 
— 51. S. Elliottii: smooth and glabrous throughout; inves very numerous, 
à oblong-lanceolate or elliptical, mucronate-acute or r somewhat acuminate, Ses 
sile, veiny, the margins scabrous, serrate with small appressed teeth, the up- 
| entire; ds in cro ga py 


rved ra 

nicle; scales of the involucre line: sei rays 8-10, scarcely longe? 

i dis (5-7) disk-flowers; a W eaea minu tely pubescent.—S. elliptica : 
sk. 9. p. 376 (founded on a de um specimen, with tbe panicle more 
i of 


D rich soil, i in the low country of ae ea Rear from Cape Fear 
“Mr. M. A. Curtis! & Paris Island, Elliott! to 
c herb. Z. Collins !) Sept: Seen 3-6 feet high, 
anched above, the a or summit a miel; te 
els more or less pubescent.—Allied to ovr M 
in the inflorescence, heads, &e. “a differs in the smooth * 


* 


a 


1 
. cana Mapi facie et sapore, &e. 


SorinAco. e COMPOSITAE. 219 
and leaves; the latter more veiny (the veins evident and often re- 
ticulated), pale beneath, instead of reed ^ sides, (2-3 inches long, an 

inch or less in width, the upper smaller); the panicle Sith more elonga- 

ted ; and the scales of the involucre broader and more obtu 


t Leaves entire, or Slightly serrate, the pri mary veins nearly obsolete; the mi- 
nutely pellucid-reticulate veinlets inconspicuous except by transmitted light: 
heads small: scales of the 5-15-flowered involucre few, membranaceous, narrow. 


. S. pilosa (Walt.): stem hirsute with spreading hairs, strict, often . 
sire above, very leafy; leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrulate, slightly 
scabrous, mostly hairy along æ —— — pubescent beneath, obscurely 

ined ; ate t, closely 


2. P 118, ex — "€ br TAR ET. fl. 2. p. 537; Nutt.! ge 2. p. 

159 , Ell. ! 3k. ie DC. pro odr. 5. p. 333; 

not f herb. Das ! "s. DA Moret x DC. $ 
mp soil, from Florida! Alabama! dnd. "Podbiita ! to the pine barrens 


Dam 
of New Jersey ! Sept.-Oct.—Stem 3-7 feet high, robust, villous-hirsute, es- : 
. pecially towards the summit, with hys jointed hairs, often pani iculat 


branc hed at the summit; the branc ches or the numerous racemes ved- 
en 


vein light, o es 

with the prim eins i ve nt; the prominent midrib, and often the sca- 

brous nee fringed with long hairs; the surfaces often glabrous, butsome- 

times £ s-pubescent above and villous-pubescent beneath: lower leaves 

2-3 inches ice. lanceolate-oblong, sharply serrulate, mostly acute, ger nar- 
per d 


rowed at the base ; u dually dn d to about half an 1 in 
lines in width s very numerous, t as large as in S. 
ora. Bracts subulat moa: scales. of. the kian involucre lanceo- 
inom the inner line 
53. S. odora (Ait.) : stem co es or a ina hed, ioi pubes-: us. 
cent in d ais de bien: leaves linear-lanceolate, entire, very glabrou us, . 


with citm A mpeni argins, punctate with pellucid dots ; racemes pani- 
culate; rays 3 or 4, rather large; the disk-flowers 3—4; achenia minutely 
hairy.— Ait. ! Kew w. (ed. 1) 3. p. 214; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 539; Ell. ! sk. z 


ar 


p.916; I. ! med. bot. 1. p. 188, t. 20, & fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 
Jl. Bor. Am 


En Darlingt.! fl. Cest. p. 457; DC.! ae s :p. 334. 
S. retrorsa eres; Mis 2. p. 117 ; Ell./.sk. 9. p. 377. Virga-Aurea Ameri- 
ud Pluk. alm. t. 116, tet a 


B. leaves less evidently punctate, and peasy a destitute of anisate 
Borders of thickets, in dry or sand da (Pursh) and ay eee A E 
shire! to Florida! and Louisiana! (Also e exican & South í 
7) A a 


‘ Deo) Aug.-Oct.—Stem 2-3 feet high, rather slender, often rec 
av 


es uds sessile, spreading, or at length reflexed, 1 to 3 or 4 inches : 
long, one-fou =, Beam more e Han half an inch wide near the b se gon we E e 
point ; m prominent and smooth ; the it and minutely resto : lated T 


v ex itted x E nd Wn 
_as well as des racemes. Pedicels slender. bracts subutate. i 
involucre few, "E glabrous; the exterior short; the others linear, rather — 
acute. Pappus shorter than the corolla of the disk.—The leaves yield a 
oie. oil istillation vais when. onipo exhale a fine anisate odor. A 
sonore repens E fand. oe ary Me which is only 
y the wit da this agreeable odor having instead — — 
MISI Ae Gu c 


x 


* 
220 COMPOSITAE. Sorinbálio. 


tile oil, are evident in the (eaves of this Eo with the aid of a lens, al- 
less abu ndant than in the common ; i 


54. Ss torti ifolia (Ell): stem Se brari¢hed, atin oct 


oe above; leaves small (very numerous) linear, spreading, often twisted at the 


base, sparingly serrate ; the upper surface with the margins and midrib sca- 
ro 


brous, not punctate; the recurved racemes in a pyramid al panicle; rays 3-5, 
small; the disk-flowers 3-5; bak slightly pubescent.— Ell. ! Shs 2. p. 
377; Hook.! compan. to bot. m n ac S. odora, Michz.! fl. 2. p. 
118, not of Ait. 


Dry fields, &c. North Carolina! to Florida! Louisiana! and Texas! 
Aug.-Oct.— —Stem erect, about 3 feet high, often much branched. Leaves 
an inch or more in length, 2-4 Hes bere usually serrate with a few scat- 


than in S. odora; the ml ali of the involucre obtu Pappus nearly equal- 
ling the corolla of the disk.—In the Texan plant both surfaces of the leaves 
are e PEN puberulent- ene 


T t t t Leaves somewhat cinereous or canescent, thickish, feather-veined, and more 
te dks evidently triplinerved, the veinlets reticulated: heads middle-sized (racemes 
times crowded and scarcely secund). = 


55. = a (Ait.) : Mein with a very short cinereous pubesc 
stem simple or corymbosely branched above; radical leaves. Jrrancodftts 
spadate, or boru ineiforim, tipérisgi into a petiole, mostly crenate-ser- 
rate; cauline oblanceolate or spatulate-oblong, sessile, nearly entire, some- 
what scabrous ; racemes mes bia short, dense, at length recurved-spreading, 
forming a crowde d compound raceme i 
scales of the involucre linear-oblong, appressed; rays 6-9, rather short ; the 
isk-flowers 3-6; achenia appressed-pubescent.— Ait. ^ Kew (ed. 1) 3. p- 
213 ; Pursh, $t. 2. p. 537 ; Ell.! sk. 9. p. 373; Hook.? Jt. Bor.- Am. 9. p. 
3; Darlingt.! fl. Cest. p. 456; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 333. S. hispida, Muhl. 
in Willd. = 3. p. 2063, fide herb. Muhl.! Sc. S. cinerascens, 5 P chweinitz ! 


B. dwit p more canescent; leaves mostly entire ; OPES contracted, 
somewhat v meat 
y. leaves more scabrous; the upper short, obovate-spatulate 
Dry or sterile fields, LI Canada! (from the Sa skatchawan !) ET through- 
out the United States! common. 8. On the Assiniboin River, Douglas 
and towards the sources of St. Peter's River, Mr. Nicollet! y. Texas, Drum- 
mond ! Louisiana, Dr. ek ! Kentucky, Dr. Short! Manitou Island, Lake 
chigan, Dr. Engelm Sey t.-Oct.—A well ow ‘species, remarka- 
ble for its "grayish E. ey m. inflorescence. The stem (1-3 feet! h, in 
B. 6-10 inches) is often gnare y simple, Me terminated by a small and con- 
tracted, more or less elongated and decurved panicle, composed of short 
glomerate racemes ; frequently i it produces veral such panicles, racemosely 
ranges ia : mes the stem is much branched at the sum- 
mit, producing dde iiem, pitéciós: Scales of odivoluse minutely 
Base cilate. P var. y. is a more rigid and scabrous form 
56. S. Radula (Nutt.): stem simple, seabrous-pubescent ; leaves cunei- 
alae pu ent, very scabro us vbt MEME 
into a bip hat petiolate base; the upper ob- 


and rays each 2-6, the latte Very short; achenia 


ys ^ id PES H 
2 * * 


Ei 
a 


F. 


A 


Sonipaco. ` COMPOSITE. 221 


. minutely Pu NE in jour. acad, Philad. 7. p. 102, & in trans. 


. phil. soc. (n. 

Dry ground, Arkansas Rita ! Western Louisiana, Dr. Leavenworth! 
Dr. Hale! Missouri, Dr. Engel nann! deer oot —Plant 10-18 inches high, 
rather slender. “Radical ines unknown: the cauline — crowded and 

rigid, rough, minutely hispid-ciliate, ieliculitbd i the lowest € etimes lan- 
CE poc rand acute) 2-3 inches long, half an inch "iden ar the apex}; 
the successively smaller and more oblong or ov Mis Taonia, and en- 
ire, mue mucron ulate. Heads rather Baali than in S. nemoralis, crowded. 

ract ute. 

5 berrima : stem corymbose at the summit, very scabrous; cauline 
m crowded, ovate or r closely sessile, rigid, very scabrous, 

what triplinerved ; the lower coarsely vidue d; the ppermost 

and the lowest bracts roundish, hes re; racemes numerous, recurved, forming 

ore qe compound panicle ; the heads iei. iocis secund ; disk- 
flow ner gaysi aA aps the latter very short; achenia nearly glabrous. 


Tex !—The specim sd consist of the upper portion of an 
apparently l 14 species: the thick and coriaceous leaves 1 to 2 inches long, 
e 


diculs s 

ther e d $ oe upper smaller and rounder, closely sessile by a very obtuse 
base ; beg ose of a Je anches and the viter: bracts small, nearly orbic ilar. 

ce longated. —Involuc c. as in the preceding.—D 
from be racit of 's. rotundifolia, DC. in the secund and much spreadin 
racemes, and the sharply t aoi lower leaves. It agrees with the present 
group in habit and character; but the lower per" aro so manifestly tripli- 

etved that it e be referred to the followi ing divi 

58. S. n Nutt.) : pulverulently canescent ; stems several from a some- 
what ligneous caudex, simple: radical and lowest m leaves spatulate, 
i : tioles; the others 


scarcely secund heads Gr ma than in S. nemoralis) towards the summit. 
Involucre somewhat t pubesc 

Shite: clothed with a eos cni pubescence, when 

dd slightly scabrous; stems low, rous from a suffruticose base; leaves 

rowded, thick, oval or oblong, soils y obtuse, sessile, triplinerved ; the lower 

abico eai sparingly serrate E the re tapering to the ; 


erate, crow tei dense th , panicle, at 


mes short, glom 
length somewhat spréading and secu scales of the involucre oval-oblong ; 
rays 5- i vie 
ui ? leaves cinereous-canescent and somewhat scabrous pe tomentose), 
anceolate, acute at both ends, finely ¢ and sharply se voluere aio t pcs or 
e i alle lucre oblong-lin 


mS mals di. y Ge fe J Ath YA, > a v 
La i Ra 6 G 2e MI? s i ; - : 


v. M 


> » 
222 | COMPOSITE. Souspaso, 
s rior scales of the involucre somewhat avg or ciliate.—The plant which - 7 
b d with some hesitation, eu a variety of this species, en nar- ` 


and less v iira ety-canescent lea mo E e acute, looser racemes, ke, 
The d ap would probably be sought for arian the Triplinervia ; but w 
have r er a in this subdivision on account of its close alliance to the 
sent spec 


oe a *** * * * Racemes spreading or ia (sarpio), secund : leaves, moniftiy 
m triplinerved or 3-ribbed. —Tri ipline 


t Heads middle-sized: scales of the rol Ather thick and rigid, closely im- 
bricated, with  greenjah tips. 


» 49- Shorti: em simple or branching from Es base, ninaa sca- 
Ment; werten rigid, smooth and glabrous, with ci 
peri. S oblong- Venetis sme gem ee hcc g to the base, niit 
and unequally serrate towar apex; uppermost entire; racemes 
short, disposed in an elon shen ot pee elt scales of: HM gh olucre 
linear-oblong ; achenia eue as scent. 
E heads dis waa S a somewhat si pss | lomerate-spicató raceme. 


1 in i , 
uppermost comm monly veinless. Racemes SRR spat dense, secund, 

at i spreading, Sens an erect or decurved more or less contracted 

nicio, $- 3-8 hqe. sd n legi» which is often gos at the base. Ray an 


61. S. Missouriensis (Nutt.) : smooth and glabrous; ae. low; simple ; 
a leaves i jose Ata acute, with v m rous mar -—— e Miror 


fuse: achenia slightly pubescent.—Nutt.! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 3 
§ trans. Amer. phil. aa ser.) 7. p. 32 ; icon 

lo bot. mag. 1. p. 97. S. glaberri dé c. in acad; Brux? (we have 
seen no character), founded on a plant REESE in Missouri EMT Duerinck. 

. ud | ser Ag : wider, less pointe 5 
; ves e slender ; stem m corymbose at the nia glabrous. 
Dry prairies of the a: e glas !) and ‘the uem of St E Peter's 
Ri r (Mr. Ni collet !) of the Upper Missouri (Mr. ius. L to St. pos 
! [llinoi dew! Louisian 


ted), 2-3 voee long, 2. -4 (in f. "P Mod iis 
first n cs erect, at length elongated and a 


Souipago. $ COMPOSITÆ. 223 


21 nens ges a p se broad panicle. Involucre closely imbricated. 
0, rather s well marked species. The plant is sweet- 
acl ee to Mr. "Buckley. 


Pe t t Heads small: scales of the involucre n , membranaceous: racemes Ei 
X elongated, forming an ample pss 
S. Leavenworth : rns strict, scabrous ; leaves linear, acute, sharpl 
serrate e, m cilio vete abrous margins, inconipieubeply triplinerved, sm 
and nd racemes loose, pa kdar -spreadin mewhat secund, formin 
an elongated o open i Mode: peduncles villous- “pabean (heads large for 
- de bdi visión j) segles of the involucre linear-oblong, ve obtuse; rays 
mall. 


ida, near Micanopy, &c., Dr. Leavenworth! Sept.-Oct t.—Stem ap- 
entl 3 or 4 feet — terete simple, puberulent-scabrous thirpoghiedl 


eaves numerous, about 3 s long. and one-fourth of an inch wide, ser- 
ad with small and ds presi teeth, ates and somewhat narrowed 
ar th icuous midrib, from which arise two rather ob- 


e with a 
seure lateri il nerves, velles ex ex sept’ by — p when — appear 
minutely eticulated under a lens. Racemes a simple or compound 
somewhat leafy panic ife (6-12 inches look) iiie the pedicels. slender. 
Heads fully as large as in S. gigantea, and muc less crowded. Ra ays about 
12, small and slender; the disk-flowers nearly the same number. 
: minutely pabesce: —Allied in some respects to the S. odora group. 
re. 63. : stem smooth or minutely pubescent, strict; 
leaves des p eg or acuminate at e ach end, sparingly iru nearl 
brous, ee inilinecsed Moe ve einlets reticulated); pae IDEAE 


virgate or narrowly midal; the racemes at length 
P EY secund ; ; scales of E involucre EAS subulate ; rags ma and slender 
enia pubescent.— Nutt. ! trans. La mer. phil. soc. (n. ser 
S. elata, Hook.! fl. Bor.- 


olan 
B. leaves lanceolate- seg 3 arply 784 PAR i serrate ; racemes strict, 
at length somewhat spreading, but scarcely secund; heads s maller.—S. Can- 
adensis £. Hook.! l.c. S. stricta, Tik in Linnea, 6. p. 502? (Leaves 
either smooth and very indistinctly papa or slightly scabrous with the 
nerves more evident: varies also with the n shorter, the dry cle short 
and obtuse. S. Canadensis, Hook. & Arn. ! t Body. 
y? leaves larger, somewhat scabrous de valises Penh beneath, 
sometimes nearly glabrous ; panicle dense, pyramidal, the crowded racemes 
» atlength : recurved-spreading, secund ; bendi larger —S. e elongata 8. Nutt. 7 
l.c. S$. Can Hook.! fl. Bor. - Am. 9. p.1 o Arctic speci 
n and Cal ifornia (a. & .), Mendes ! ! Beečhey! D 
ee ee Straits of 


FE act a d 
c Am , from e Lak sell to Fort Franklin on the 
Mackenzie River, Richardson poeta 3-4 feet hi ghi in y. stout, but the 
specim edwarf. Panicle 5:10 in inches long, st rict and narrow, 
& with pe aag emi rh large as in S. Canadensis: in y. heilen panicle i is 
lly thyrsoid or broadly pyramidal, with the heads fully as large as in 
= E it is perhaps a distinct species. Rays exserted, but — 

mid i icuous.—This species perhaps extends. to tust Sout 
America ; toit(or to S. fincaribblia, D DC.?) we may proba ably refer : 
nt collected in Mendoza A. the late Dr. Gillies, oped in ok. fi. 

.-Am. under S. lanceo: 

64. S. C Linn., Ait.): stem scutes Rama or villous ; leaves 
n ce sharply | -n te, ‘sometimes mes almost e — more or less 
pubescent beneath and scabrous above; panicle pyra iate, of - 
E 


a 


+. 


peen or tomentose beneath, scabrous 


x | 
994 . 23 COMPOSITE. Soxipageo. © 


very ni rous recurved pip C ogn 
pubescent.— Linn. hort. 

3. p. 2207 p spec. 1l r p duos 
Hook. ! ! fe Bo p 


prodr. 5. p. 3 S.n sopra 


"€ g^ very short; achenia 


p ee EA Ace (ed. "LL 


it sk. 9. p. 369; 


excl. Eyi Barling ° fe [^ p.455; DC.! 


irga-Aurea ences] 


tifolia, &c. Pik. alin. T : 936. ERU arith he leaves are ty mooth 


and Leer Veg ely approac as s 's. serotina); and from 


m oblongslamceüflate 


to elongated linear-lanceolate (a state of the latter is S. longifolia, Schrad. ! 
hor. i 


dr. 1. 
B. intermedia: stem villous or densely 


cinereous-pubescent; leaves softly 
above.—S. Ca 


nadensis y. Ait. ! l.c. ; 


ook.# 1. c... S. NE Desf. -e DC. 1. c. (* Heads much smaller than 
, a enum 


8 Or sc Mi ous-hirsute; leaves tomentose beneath, 


. procera 
scabrous ahpa, elongated lanceolate, sparingly eon or the u ppper Sutro; $ 
procera, Ait. l.c. ; Ell. |. sk. 


heads er with the rays rather longer.—S. 
p. 369.—Varies with thé leaves slightly pubescent, pre aie E nerves, 
and e. stem seabrous-pubeseent, or som Lo abrous below 
ô. scabra: stem scabrous-hirsute or ciner ; leave slanceolate or r oblong- 
m gie rig entire, ination ctly cible ved. more veiny and pu- 
bescent ntose or Moneta very dade a s heads 
var. y.—S. scabra, Muhl.! cat., nca ed. (where 


astr. 1 
itis well Shared) Willd. spec. 3. p. E i where it is so incorrectly 


| describe t it has not since been recopvized) ; De. ! 

Ku Borders of thickets fields, &c., comm iM c ‘igo the United 
" States! to Subar augeri * (Oregon, Nut ta onsylvaniat" to to 
Georgia ! and west a Mench an! Louis om exas! © Aug.-Oct 

A polymorphous og. distinguished byi its pew > mg yety inconspicuous 
rays, and pubescent m and leave: Tg. €— — 
succeeding form, foni. which 4 is only to be diminanianiadet 
i ha larg eads: the latter is scarcely Apre from S. 
-; which has shorter and daily broader es, often indistinclly tripli- 
ade somewhat rugosely veined.— This ies appears to have been 
a time cultivated in many '"Baopéer mde conf du the name of 
S. altissima. 
65. S. serotina (Ait.) : stem very smooth, often rica n 
^ late, acuminate, serrate, glabrous ae the vei jm 
| bap the upper surface scabrous; panicl i 
ed racemes ; uncles E orgéqet rays short 
dy elabrous~ it Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. uhl. ! 
y. santea, Darlingt. ! A. Cest. p . 
ed t aes and low Can ada! and ni 
| (Oregon, Nuttall.) Aug. —Disting 
» c stout stem (4-8 feet high), “ee the ae are more or less pube 
"s fde ni s beneath, i the upper surface scabrous, at least E the 
base than i 


gigan 


margins. 

tea, which ee e dies very T OY approach ; ; and the heads aod ra 

commonly es. oa in size between 
: horis. pubescent n young. 


- 66. S. ret MS ): stem stout, 
a and 


ivision 


-1)3. p.211; Hook.! fl. 
uim, Willd. 


that species | and S: Canadensis. 


iritooch and often gains; leaves 
glab both sides, lanceolate, qup e e, densely 
1 a vi y sharply serrate, except th narrowed. ; pan 
a » of numerous recurved racemes ; peduncles pete 
Js exse d; 


Bor.- Am. 2. p- shal be prodr. 5. p. 


spec. 3. p: 2056.— V aries, with the leaves broadly, 


E 


2 


t 


SoripAco. COMPOSIT Z. j 225, 


or narrowly lanceolate (the latter S. ee Def! à i pe! E: c. » very 
coarsely, or finel and eparsely ae serlo (ih na, i 
as to spec. fr egon, &c.), eines Sid res ^s atta nerves ides distinct 
(S. —— Willd. le c.); the panicle large and crowded, or sometimes 


gate 
B. leaves vins ‘from lanceolate to oval- lanceolate, narrowed at the base; 
the — nerves don indistinet; panicle — thyrsoid or fastigiate.—S. 
a B. Dre 268. at cheri, Nutt. ! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 
101, pp 


r. phil. soc. l. c 
Fields aeg borders of Sime a Canada! and Saskatchawan! to Alabama! 
Com 


Arkansas, (Dr. "Pita her !) Kester ey! &c., to Saskatchawan! and - 
m mer Ter hed by its erfectly smooth leaves as well as stem, 


67. S. rupestris (Raf. 5 em crai be loosely branched above, 
smooth, the branches and diis s pubescent; leaves smooth and glabrous, 
ok cee attenuate at both ends, bed or sparsely serrulate ; m 

8 a Tia mall; rays very short; achenia pubescent. —Raf.! 

nat. (1820) p. 

Cliffs of Kentuck d Drone Dr. Short! and emper com- 

mon in Kentucky! Jndia Aug.-Sept.—Smooth like S. gigantea, 

with the small heads and i inconspicuous a" ip f S. Canadensis Sear le 
a ds m 


3. Frutescent, det somewhat glutinous: leaves obscurely triplinerved, 

veinless, entire: heads corymbose-paniculate: involucre as in § Virgaurea, 

few- (4—7-) flowered : ra rays 1-3.—Curysoma, Nutt. (in jour. acad. Philad., 
trans. Amer. phil. soc. excl. spec. 2 & 3.) 


A specimen of a plant de nearly allied to the following, from the Bahama 
Islands, exists in Sir William Hookers herbarium, chiefly di ering in its smaller 
and most red zs rays, an more ev idently triplinerved leaves, 
Which do not exhibit the beautiful reticulated structure of tgo 
probably the S. A grain s, Spreng. This section is allied t “Maritime on 
the one (and is 5 composed of sea-side plants ?) and to Kcuilsafa on the other 


sa (Michx.): glabrous or glaucous, 
what viscid; leaves t — lanceolate, oblanceola 
obtuse, entire, narrowed at the base, sessile mcr compound pani- 

ales of the 5-7-flowered i ly oblong, carinate ; 
reys large: achenia silky-villous.—Mi ichz. ! dne € ee 116. Jig vr ttn ma solida- 
» Nutt.! in jour. acad. Philad. 7 


Alabama, Mr. Uie proc atq e iE uch —, 1-3 feet Aes 


i raha arge, son sesti ad. " Rays pen deep yello ae ee: 


i turning somewhat brownish.—This remarkable plan bt- 
nknown to 


who has probably at a mere venture nea it as a 


VOL. mip 


** 


226 a COMPOSITA. SoripAGo. 


§ 4. Herbaceous, much branched, fastigiate-corymbose: scales of the involu- — — 
cre much appressed, somewhat glutinous: receptacle fimbrillate: rays ~ 
(6-20) more numerous than the disk-flowers, very small: achenia oblong, 
villous-pubescent : heads in corymbose clusters, mostly fascicled : leaves line- 
ar, entire, 1-5-nerved, sessile. —EUTHAMIA, Nutt. 


* 


ee 69. S. lanceolata (Linne -stem much branched, cae the branches 
diu (at eat the angles). with the nerves and margins of the lanceolate-linear 
ved leaves minutely scabrous-pubescent ; fend SbUseld- -cylindrical, 
in M dena cor Meg clusters, sessile; scales of ie involuere obtuse, oblong 

or lanceolate, the innermost linear; flowers of the disk 8-12; the minute 

s 15-20.—Linn.! mant. p. 114; P. ! io AG 1) 3. p. 214; Micha. ! 

y^ 2. m 116 a sat E M a Bigel. fl. Bost. ee 2. p. 301; 
6 (p artl j; Dorint: f f. Cest. p. 4 S. gra- 
mini dd Ei fu ^ p. "so ; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 341. Srat grami- 
nifolia, Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 1 € int trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c. Chrysoco- 

ma graminifolia, Linn. s spec. 2. p. 8 
Fields and borders of thickets, Canada cm SUN America) and 
ne -— throughout the ue ited E E. dew eie de —4 feet high, stri- 
angled, usually scabrous-puberul xis dly lanceo 

sess oin (3-5 inches long and 5- sere "T eck: dire more slender), 
ne" Paget p and indistinctly 3-nerved, nume p but not fascicled in 


po e ads one-fourth to one-third of an inch in 1 engib- Receptacle 
p i imbeilane 

70. S. prem gres (Parsh); — or slightly sedis stem much 
^7 branched, fastig leaves very narrowly linear, spreading, 1- (rarely 


eaves 
somewhat 3-) a ci. punctate with resinous dots ; heads obovoid or turbi- 
nate, in loose corymbos e clusters, mostly in glomerules = 2 or 3, sometimes 
‘pedicellate; rays 6-12, ately exserted ; the disk-flowers 5~6.—Pursh, fle ™ 
2. p. 540; Ell.! sk. 2. p. 3 : prodr. 5 " d S. lanceolata 8. 
minor, Michz.! l.c. Eu hama — Nuit. 
Florida! fields, - m" the c de Ma tenm EN “and New York! to 
"t Louisiana ! pcm —A more slender plant than the pre- 
err smaller, espe ‘less glomerate. Leaves 1 to nearly 3 4 
Eros long, one line or less in width, sprinkled with resinous atoms, often — . 
=e the el Met ial the ie acis is reduced to few heads, these are 
y paeen n e species is variable, and some states nearly ap- 
Stone pe , tel dd p 
— very smooth ; stem densely fastigiato-corymbose at 7 
s lanceolate-linear, l-nerved, or obscurel nerved ; 


Florida! ¢ 


ra 


— Western a, De Eon, ! I Dr. | ale! Texas, Drum mond !— 
[ we ga an apparently strie “and nearly. simple, oy tat the summit. Leaves —. 
crowded, but not d, 2-3 inches long, 2-3 lines. wi 
midrib and usua 3 # obscure lateral nerves, | »ellucid-punct: u 
.. allied species, but not ed with re tois, e i glutinous. Heads 
~ Very numerous and sede. Rays mostly shorter than Bit: flowers. 
Receptacle conical, fimbrillate. — ‘ 
s WS m lehtalii (Nutt. under Futte very “smoot k mm i 
pe a becomes 
ve s in sm cellate; scales of the 
ered involucre linear-lanceolate, reba nceolata, Cham. 


ao ‘ ss COMPOSITE. - ' -297 


Schlecht.! in Linnea, 6. b, S02; Hook.! fl. Bor.- Am , partly. 
Euthamia occidentale, Nut n tris: Amer. phil. soc. Wa ser. A w drip 
* Oregon, Dr. Scouler ! Dénclde! Nuttall! and California, Chami to 
e Rocky Mountains, Nuttall.—More paniculately bra in tied that "soia j 
species of this division; the long and slender branches term ted. by small 
clusters; the short and broadish heads all, or cally all T edi cello ayo 
16-20, a little exserted ; the disk-flowers 8-14: appendages of the style of 
the latter obtuse. Receptacle with the margins of the alveoli pilose, rather 
than fimbrillate. 


1 Species not sufficiently known to us, founded on native specimens. 


73. S. panos (DC.): n erect, terete, wi hier: the leaves) some- 
what scabrous with a very short pubescence; leaves oblo -— sit ag tan 
entire, Biia triplinerved; the radical arene. at the mes 
somewhat secund, Den ina dte DENM scales T "the ER cu 
involucre cx heads 10-flowered ; rays 5, very minute; achenia 
ap aes. bc. S mdr. 4 p. 322. 


istricts, aren dd Plant a foot high. DC.— — 


n the rn di 
Hur it ei longi « o the corymbose division 
. S. rotundi ifolia (DC.) : stem erect, terete, quinos s scabrous; leaves 


iy ‘malts, or obovate, obtuse, mucronate, the ma and both surfaces 


very scabrous; the E r crenate, the upper entire ; racemes erect, compac 

i di i ros am icle; — roundish ; + the i erii 

4 toa ieee somewha e; rays very small. D 5. p. 33a 

zz "Texas, in a e dni Pedir erence: — Very dieto i in the form of 
C. 


its bracts. 


ec S. lepida (DC. ): stem erect, strict, terete, puberulent ; p die oval- 
te, with a long po entire base, coa — serrate at the apex, acu- 
minate, feather-veined, somewhat a oi especially the Aq and the 
veins ben eath ; » panic da sect, term scales of the amen involucre 
ear, prt ts a a little vint gens the m: DC. prodr. 5. p. 339. 

B. subserrata (DC. 1. c.): leaves slightly se 

Nootka, Henke.—Allied to S. latifolia and S. E, DC. 

76. S. compacta (Turcz.) : racemes erect; stem WEE A gir M 
leaves obloig-lanceolate, tapering into a long petiole, entire, or the upper- 
most serrulate, sli ighily e — ing margins ciliate ; ends itus nsely glome- 

unded by lea aie, e n bull. soc. nat. Mose. 1840. DE = 


71. S. elata Qn: stem Ai terete; leaves | , Eso. di 


ae ie y. eath; racemes yar A elongated. Pursh, fl. "es P- M 
merica, ( Herb. Banks.) Pursh.—T wo plants are ticketed * S. elata" : 
in the Banksian herbari «i. one, à cul d specimen of a maneng : 
species, i » S. Senita Des . DC.: the other arked * New Je ersey, 
— Bartram zend has a hairy stem, ary branched above; ue 
T ss ataa allis hich eye try on both surfa ces and ciliate; erect racemes ; 


eher ge ona minut 
ovate, short; the Saat slogan slightly pointed, all somewhat 
€ ) i and stri — — achenia ae tt has Pa ed its t 


arbone: 
è seen no asd pony hum ne S we suspect it is not c 
ora (Raf.): stem simple, smooth ; leaves oblong lanceolate, 


. c (Ra 
acute, entire ; flowers 1 minal.—Raf. in med. repos. (hex p. 359. 
a New Jerse, and pedro County, Delaware, Rafinesque 
d E » ove P M : 


i to ** S. Nar t, in act. Tolos. 3. p (of ^ which 
Ee: S.N Pourre E 


T 


S ruo bo 


* y 
e. á 
A AES 


4255 ^ r COMPOSITE. SoripAGo.- 


ty : & 
t t Species founded on garden specimens (many of unknown or uncertain ori- 
gin), which we have not identified with native plants. 
* * Racemes erect. 


79. S. grandiflora (Desf.) : clothed with a short and close villous pubes- 
cence, somewhat scabrous; leaves elliptical or Yam -lanceolate, finely ser- 
rate, acute; the lower narrowed at the base s paniculate, forming a 
thyrsus ; heads 30-40-flowered ; scales of thé inves oblong, obtuse, ped 
Meg Reid (large) cei Marge pubescent.— Desf. ! cat. hort. Par. € 

403 ! prodr. 5. 
i P Eon h Rasen ? ed panel origin unknown; Galiivated in the Garden 
of Plants, Paris—We have seen no indigenous specimens of this species ; 


size; but the rather loose racemes are Ju the upper shorter and with 
few heads, so that the inflorescence forms a pyramidal thyrsus or panicle 
instead of a fastigiate corymb ; the scales «i ie involucre are narrower and 
less obtuse; the achenia clothed with a minute pubescence; even the u 
leaves are serrulate, and the radical (wich we have not scen) are said to be 
scarcely petioled. 


80. S. multiflora (Desf.): “ms erect, pon hei very much branc shed, 
the pan eem branches sparse Eee ; leav li lanceolate, acu- 
minate, serrate, glabrous, or ho most somewhat pubes scent pim is LI 
nerves ; enisi erect; scales of t iela elal rous, acute; rays T 
Jonge than the disk. DC.— AE e ! cat. hort. Par. ed. 1804, p. ne 
à -9. p. 402 ; Pers. syn. 9. p. ; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 336. 

Said to be of North American Adm but we have seen no native speci- 
mens which accord with the cultivated plant. The heads resemble S. Cana- 
P CHEN but the racemes are very short, in erect panicles.. Achenia pubescent. 

e som 


av ewhat scabrous above; the upper slightly triplinerved, the 
midrib pu nt. 

oes e iege (Desf.) : very glabrous; stem SN, — .smooth 
im ves Pa ceolate, quite pod se ose erect; pedicels short, 

i les 


scales of the involucre oblon ; walls acute ; ; si 
inar. a e rig ee the disk ; he Ps ced 6-7. D C.—* Des 
3. p. 4 PE. odr. 5. 


3. TN 


p- 340. 
North [b e kon to us = ipid native Shine The y 
unlike S speciosa 
ban S. uen (Desf.): glabrous; stem angled; leaves e 
slightly serrulate, acute, narrowed towards the base; the Miner ovate ; flori- 
ferous branches erect, leafy. Desf. cat. l. c. 
Cul ete the Pari 


TUA. of Aawi p bdg- ro 


83. s. hirta € f B. pu m res lanceolate, sca- 
brous í aee sides ; xy auline — dum those of > branches entire ; ra- 
—Ó jay elongate ey 91. 
E North Ameri edet ciently isi by by its ‘hingute and ^ 
brous leaves; the ~ mac ees —Ó M^ Wee EER has 
never been identified untry. 


mifolia ee ves branching, pu ubescent; ul 
evi Vee see Deer | entire; racemes 
Willd. evum. p 593 ; Link, c enum. 2. P $m; DC. 


Ec E d 


' 
Sonmaco. COMPOSITE. , 299 


North America, Willdenow.—Leaves nearly as in Lithospermum offici- 
nale. Willd. l. c.— "hend leaves long, triplinerved, scabrous. Flowers 


rather large. Link.—Stem pubescent, rines hispid. Leaves apicu- 
- Sie callous mucronation, somewhat M nerved, the lateral veins 
DC.—Pursh, who professes to Aes seen this species growing, gives 


: ds ; HR Sandy barren woods, New Joss. to n but affords no 
other informat 


85. S. gra "E pay stem erect, glabrous, scabies simple; leaves 
“an ceolate, acuminate, — glabrous Erie feather-veined ; p lower 
oval-lanceola ie, a at ase uppermost nearly entire; ra- 
cemes erect, bearing few hea de disposed à in a narrow -— ; scales of the © 


í o a 
of the disk. DC.—Poir. dict. 8. p- v (where thé: leaves are said t 
entire) DC. pl. rar. hort. Genev. 6. p. 6, & prodr. 5. 

North ica ?—The plan nt is said to be a foot and a half high, with a 
reddish stem ; toe AREA leaves 2 inches long, 6-8 lines wide; the branches 
terminated by erect panicles, 2-3 inches in length, less than an inch in 
breadth: the ovaries clothed with very small appr ressed hairs. The latter 
an ii ee others, would seem to "e the plant from S. stricta 
an 


. Schraderi (DC.): stem oie terete, “sparsely P panicu- 
initi branched ; leaves linear-lan minate, serrate at the apex, 
labrous, wit > somewhaf'scabrous m uppermost entire ; racemes 
erect, very short, bracteolate ; scales woe e Dowd aqaa acute ; rays linear, as 
eng 2 the disk. DC. prodr. 5. p. 336. S. gracilis, Schrad. ieri: Gait, É 
C. 


À species of — (probably N. Américain) origin, allied to the prece- 
lon 


ding; but the leaves longer, narrower, and a little more rigid; the long pani- 
culate branches Hatea very short axillary racemes for a long distance; the _ 
rays much shorter, &c. DC. 

— 87. S. carinata (Schrad. in DC.): stem erect, angled at the summit, 
somewhat puberulent; radica leaves on n- fot petioles, oblong, tapering at 
th e, obtuse at pex, mucronate, sinuate-serrate the upp SSL, 
- linear, somew at serrate ; all glabrous, with s scabrous, the mid. 
rib prominent benea th; racemes erect, omnet in a panicle; rays 7-9, 
onger he disk 


C. prodr. 5. p. 3 
n the Gettingen Botanic Garden, the origin unknown, perhaps - 
l an.—Radical leaves 7 inches long, ced the po 
d. hes cip puberulent, bracteolate. DC.—Perh es acu iden " 
state of S. stricta 


88. S. mollis (Dant) leaves, as well as the pos sm. _pulverulent e 


pubescent, with scabrou s margins, poe Snag h 
ones oblong, ee ae racen erect, EN ric involuere "e 
pressed, acute, glabrous ; rays longer e the ; pt hori: i 
er 05 836, p. 5, & in L , 19. suppl. p. 80; : > 
North America ; rai seed collected by | 
be a state of S. nemo 
e- 
n: st e: = 
Pore di ra Se w Schrad. "r Gott. p. 12. t. 6, § in neu. jour. _ 


180, p Tio; ex DC. prodr. 5. p. 334 f 


" 


230 | COMPOSITE. ` _ Soumaco. 


North America: said to be allied to S. arguta and S. inthe cgo 
This is pe i S. neglecta: but we have never observed a v 
stem in that spec 


. S. recurvata (Willd.) : stem erect, pubescent; — —€—M acu- 
eat (veiny), serrate, vie glabrous, the margins x 
elongated, amid panicled. Willd. enum. p. 8 d DC.; was ER e 
North America, Willdenow.—Described from lant cultivated in e 
Berlin Botani puru —bLeaves ipe cite above, slightly scabrous along the 
nerves ys linear-oblong, a little ee than the disk. 
Pursh is E only American author who pretends to have recognized this 
eee which he gives as a native of PIE woods of Pennsylvania and 
mem 


91. S. lateriflora (Linn.): panicle corymbose; racemes recurved, as- 
PM ; stem bearing flower-branches below the middle. Linn. spec. 2. 


"Non America, Kalm.—The plant is said by Linnzus to be half the size 
of S. Canadensis; the leaves entire or with one or two teeth ; ; the flowers as 
in S. altissima; the simple branches rather shorter than the stem, co 

. As remarked -— Smith, (Rees, cycl.) there is some doubt as to the 
ppan bienes had in view, which an papecon e v - herbals does not 
remove. pla At cultivated under this na appears to have been 
much aged à ing poles As desc ee in the Hortus Kewensis, it 

ame what hai stem, aroue mer at tripli- 
t 
the paniculate be secund an what rec ccording to 
Willdenow (enum. p- 889), when cultivated J in a shad place, the stem is 
very simple, with simple axillary racemes, the lower very long, the upper 
short : but in exposed situations the stem becomes branched. 
S. fragrans (Willd.): stem erect, glabrous ; etin glabrous, oblong, 


Prada at each end, ey a. nag eae ; the low den mewhat serrate, the 
upper entire; racem [Me iem cund; ‘pedice s pubescent; — 
linear-subulate, a cuate-teeurved; scales T the ase somewhat gree 


ish [ovate- lanceolate utish]; ra - her | than sk 
pye , : rays oblong, rather longer 
[achenia Sy ville S3 Dc.— a Vie enum. suppl. p. 59, ex an he disk 
x : s 
N 


„North America, Wil LN Ive seen no native plant which accords 
with our specimens of this species, Pics in the Berlin Botanic en. 
Mie per ritime species; and the leaves (which are rather thick, 


a a ma 
hd green, and shining above » 2-3 inches long, about half an inch wide, mi- 


racemes are mostly peered rather crowded, and 
sont ong? ee the leaves; the heads fully Imiddle-sizbl ; the exterior 
ap- 


at of Aes invi volar greenish and the -achenia clothed with white a 


93. is a. Spoli): sb stem erect, striated, slightly hairy ; leaves lanceo- 


x 
late, distantly tooth ed; clusters panicled aniletorak rather 
the the lower ones axillary ; bracts lanceolate, anobeh. a, del. 
* Ri cod. LAU Smith in Rees, , cycl. no. 23. S. Clelie, DC. prodr. 
| liented in the Italian ardens, collected b p ith the garden at 
: Pavia, in n 1787; raed o oU "pm that ot 1. i uk oat deg 
3 +) and ‘sup s m Ye ‘= rding de Smith, 


| it as iptices 1; but its leaves are 
t, a its Enn much oming ea jose ARR clusters Pg altel com-- 
leafy panicle, gg about as long as their lice cates ono 


= 


SoripAco. COMPOSITE. 231 


Rays rather numerous. The foliage is rigid, X a finely toothed, 


not orien nd triple- -ribbed, indeed m n S. lateriftorá, 
= to speci ies we should have aac: it but er ina alleged affini- 
o S. elliptica." Smith, l. c 


94. S. reflera (Ait): — — "eoe: leaves lanceolate, somewhat 


middle, yobeum. 2m branches of the panicle secund, reflexed, short). 
DC.! prodr. 


o us as a wild plant, nor can we identify the one or two 
different species sick are eumd) in Europe under this name wi 
indigenous les "s “Pine onde and 9 fields, Pe Jer- 
sey to mones probably of pe s d the species was not recog- 


nized by Elliott. The plant of De Candolle Vente Bot. Gar en pies a 
very much contracted and que i — panicle, kis v "wy — teuer 

than in S. Canadensis; the stem what pubesc the wly 

lanceolate leaves slightly cec banca, decis k TP BRE h 


oveboracensis, Linn. (the particular derivation of the specimen cun the 
ray owens Ew which eet a were not yellow, is apparently an Aster, with 
arge as 


m p s with t e plant RUINE by De Candolle cine ore e 
he considers a doubtful and probably state of S. ri nhs: — 
describ ntaines is said to have elongated and E 

secund heads 


40. BIGELOVIA. (Bigelowia,*) DC. prodr. 5. p. 329 (excl. § 2 & 3), & 
mem. Comp. t. 5 ; not of Smith, of Spreng., nor of Raf. 


Heads 3-4-flowered ; the flowers all perfect and tubular. Involuere cla- 
vate-cylindrical, somewhat colored, as long as the flowers; the scales (10-14) 
linear, boc ipee appressed, rigid, somewhat glutinous. Receptacle 
narrow, pointed by a hyaline or scale-like cusp as long as the achenia. kd 
rolla, aniliers and style nearly as in Linosyris; the latter scarcely exserte ed 
Achenia somewhat obconic, hairy. Pappus a single series of scabrous 
lary bristles.—A. perennial glabrous herb, with slender xe or 
branched from the base, somewhat naked above, corymbose at 


Leaves alternate, oblanceolate or linear, entire, 1-3- —3-nerved, pirka pune- i 


- Heads in a fastigiate ied or cyme. Flowers um the involucre 
yellowish. 


M EC 


* ^ t * * 
bi 
p bs M — p 


ioned genera prove distinct, the 7 t be 
p ‘the Lichens, E that of Bigelovia, Spreng., Arn. «c. in Rubiacez ; in 


ing th 
via f cie oce, will Keep 
2 B ius is merged in Parn ay ec dst 
da. orreria so long as the Borrera of ES ager Bonds 3 
ge 


h R 


We 


232 COMPOSITE. Diekrovia. 
: B. nudata (DC. ! "ca etm nudata, Michz.!. fl. 2. p. 101; 
^" Pursh! fl. 2. p.517; "gu? . 309 
a. pfolia : radical € ren leaves oblanceolate, 1- or obscurely 
3-nerved, tapering into an attenuated d the cauline ones scattered, — 
ery few, linear.—B. nudata, DC.! c., & mem. comp. t. 5. Chrysoc 


B. virgata : eurfie radical leaves linear-spatulate ; ; the others, and the 
often more numerous) cauline ones narrowly linear, 1-nerved.—B. vir rgata, 
ia On it. l.c 


CTi rysocoma virgata, Nu 
Bórdenk. of swamps, and low pine e barrens, New r Jersey (Nuttall) and Vir- 
, ginia! to Florida! Alabama! Louisiana! an s! Aug.-Oct.—Stems 
1-2 feet high, slender. Lower leaves 2-3 i n oik: the uppermost ve 
Scales of the involucre 1-nerved, with somewhat greenis 
tips.—The habit is much that of the section Ethan in Rao but i 
stems are less inclined to branch. "The B. virgata appears only a nar- 


` row-leaved state of dis ordinary plant ; but. i may, ein be a distinct 
species. 


41. LINOSYRIS. Lobel; DC. prodr. 5. p. 351, (& Bigelowia § 2. DC.) 
Linosyris & Crinitaria, Cass.—Chrysothamnus, Nutt. 


‘ Heads 5-many-flowered ; the flowers all perfect and tubular. Involucre : 
campanulate, obovoid, or oblong, often shorter than the disk; the scales im- 
bricated, mostly concave or carinate, destitute of herbaceous tips; the exte- 

ally looser and bracteolate, passing into the leaves. Receptacle flat, 

alveolate-toothed ; the teeth fleshy or somewhat lacerate. Corolla with an ex- 

^. panding 5-cleft or 5-parted vecti Bapithes of the style with ber linear or 
oblong stigmatic portions; Ache- 
: nia oblong, somewhat t compressed, silky- Afitibns. “Pa cage of copious 
t scabrous capillary bristles.—Perennial herbs or suffruticose plants (natives 
chiefly of Southern Europe, Northern Asia, and North America west of the 
Mississippi), branched from the base, and bearing corymbose heads at the 

* summit. Leaves alternate, crowded, sessile, linear or oblong, nir entire, 
and l-nerved. Flowers yellow. 


- $ 1. pore 20-30- EEO ED as long as the disk. 


ái 1. L. Terana: sufifitbscent t at the base, glabrous, not glutinous; stems 
. And numerous branches strongly striate-angled ; leaves linear, carinately 1- 

: omy ae rigid ; scales of the he emispherical involucre lanceolate, acute, 
Ep 2 i imb of the 


v Drummond ! Dr. Riddell !—Stems 1-2 fs high, much ube 

gt eaves 1-2 inches long, less than 2 lines wide, acute, some- 
mes with 2 2 slight =e lateral petet and very minutely and obscurely 

» dotted. Heads all more less pedicellate, with few bracteal leaves. Scales 


Tu 2 Pina AM MF y 


Eg 


Linosrnis. COMPOSITE. 233 


2. L. Drum mondii : much branched from the voydibetc: base, zinien, 
the young heads and Sieg a s runs POM lutinous ; Re ete; 
leaves narrowly linear, tapering t base, thickish, obscuri ly 1-nerved ; 
scales of the end. Banca closely imbri sated in 4-5 series, rigid, lanceo- 
late-oblong ; the outermost passing into subulate 5 racts; c SER somewhat 
exceeding the pappus, the slender tube longer than the Gyathiform 5-cleft 

; the tri pang wiarlercoolats appendages of the Style much shorter than 
the stigmatic por 

Texas, Drummond sien Seid, 8-10 inches high; the heads nearly 
sessile and so at aggregated at the extremity of short terete branchlets. 
Leaves an iudi; Nb an nd a line Side crowded. Scales of the involucre either 
pns or slightly pulverulent at the apex, obtusish. Stamens inserted be- 


low the middle of the puia pen of the corolla. Ovary si iky. puléacequgue 

eet a are imma nother species of this continent, L. Mexicana, 

, is ere ny, Schlechtendl ( (Hortus Halensis, t. 4.), and is isiiabin for 
its toothed le p 


§ 2. Involucre several-(6—10—90-) flowered, mostly shorter than the disk ; the 
scales oval or oblong, concave or carinate : appendages of the style triangu- 
_. lar or deltoid-ovate, much shorter than the flat stigmatic portion. 
. This division includes the Siberian L. omes. L. villosa, (in which the heads 
are only 8-10-flov ved L. Tartarica, &c.; in our —— of the latter = heads 
_ are only 5.7-flowe 
= 9. L. pluriflora: frutescent? glabrous ; EEA angular ; ave very |— 
" narrowly linear, x del at attenuate towards the te wee 1-nerved ; 
heads 15-18-flowered, crowd ee anc dee 3 at the summit of the small ds 


cated, very unequal; lobes of the corolla sie much shorter than the Mis 
A poetidages o sr the e sacle Riso obtusish. cU plagis e 
Torr. ! in ann. lyc. New York, 2. p. 211, not of Nuit 
per Missouri or PP latte ? Dr. James 1 — The lo wer part of th 
ourspecimen. Le ut 2 inches long, a line wide, dins 


: ofan inch long. Scales of the involucre small, cori 
rious margins. - Pappus m ceni unequal. gts dt: die Ligipunls lacerate- 


4. L. lanceolata shrubby, sinerete pret b a ba ee leaves. $5 
Oa edr-lan eolate, mucronate, 3-nerved, w hy snis cabrous margins ; heads 6-8- ; 

owe sed, in clusters, forming a compo ei ples dea 
Ka E b yd obtuse, or eei i d acute, ben imbricated in = å 
ries, the innermost glabrous, "nue Pa n: s: lobes of the on T 


[n] 
o 


Pagan the appendages pate ig y 
mer. ser. 
* gi s aa on ids tien) of the X CHER and of Lewis — - 
HA DRM ioc d shrub." Le Pies n inch long, 3-4 lines b 
t smaller than in the preceding. + 


& s Involucre 5-flowered, mostly shorter than the disk; the concave or = 


arinate scales oval or oblong-linear : eS fi the - Me ii 
b Qui longer than the linear flat stigmatic p ^ y 3 $i 
uii $: E ene DE) : F x S y 
- x: a 
e l 3 


> w * bas E. d K i 


oe COMPOSITE. Linosyris. 
5. L. graveolens: shrubby, very much branched; branches pulverolent 
A tomentose, whitish ; leaves very narrowly linear, 1-nerved, glabrous ; heads 
(large) Puta clustered ; scales of the involucre few, loosely a i 
‘in about 3 se glabrous, carinate ; the aly wey short, ovate-oblong ; 
the innermost dde plaia linear; pappus -— fine capillary ; oie gla- 
a dracunculoides, Pure? x x " excl. char., which 
chiefly relates to pss tata. C. graveolens, Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 136. Bi 
wia dra euneuloides, DC. prodr. 5 p- 329. Chrysothamnus dracuncu- 
abides. is n trans. Amer phil soc. l. c. p. 324. 
B. leav d the outermost scales of the inv jvolucre; as ; well as the branches, 
E 2 more or lend tomen peni ubescent.—C ny ocoma nauseosa, Pursh, l. c.? 
eee sig peri DC. * €. Chrysothamnus speciosus, Nutt. ! in 
mer. pi c. (exc B. 
On the denudated t sa of the Missed Platte, &c. Lewis! Mi pears and 
oci in the Rocky Mountains, Nuttall ! Aug.—Shrub 9-5 feet h 
w a heavy fit the unpleasant, though somewhat aromatic odor; with pir aae 
virgate branches, like the common Broom. Flowers abund nt, brilli 
ads 


a ant . 
yellow. Nuit.—Heads narrow, nearly half an inch long. Corolla a little - 
al 


. « . longer than the, fine and scarcely s BA E unequal and copious pappus, 
"slightly dilated pwardi; the lobes Fons one-fifth the length of the undivided 
po Stamens inserted low down in the tube. Appenda ges of the style 

r-su 


ae ced than the ipie portion. Leaves. 2-3 inches + long, 
" about a line aes 


- L. TE caulis: stem ei" branches densely lanate-tomentose, white; 
.  , leaves very narrowly linca HM nt (at length glabrous 1), * 
E ei es ; tube of the conia beset with very y on villous hair 
PW LAT speciosus f. hrala Nutt. l.¢ socoma bx, A 


Me upon which we should chiefl rel aa aoe uishing them ; viz. 
E n pm of the corolla. dene - > 


or gm ati act: ME Bea 


rolla glabrous.— Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 
ora, 7 


^ f whi we have see no specimens. The heads are much smaller than in 
4: * po A Pappus of firmer hairs, Nes. mama scabrous ; but the habit 
| aes ey the plan t nearly th e: à 
= H b- | = 5 7 Ten es, y a $ L3 a E "A 
humilis (Hook., under Crinitaria): branches sparsely and slightly : 
ae i 


gl arag 
any aap is left to distinguish it from Hooker's plant, ~- 


Leitierass. COMPOSITE. 235 


- hirsute ; : leaves linear-lanceolate, denticulate-ciliate, mucronulate-acute ; 
` heads axillary and terminal ; sog. " the glabrous involucre linear; the ex- 
. terior larger and foliaceous. "Hook. l ‘ 
Banks of the tee nnd —Plant 3-4 inches high, of 
- doubtful genus 
5 - 42. AMMODIA. Nutt. in trans Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 321. 
“a . Heads many-flowered ; the flowers all perfect and tubular. Scales of 
the "s E scarious-membranaceous, linear or lanceolate, 
l-nerv ed, imbric in few series; the innermost as long as the disk, the 
outermost short, A ad Receptacle flat, alveolate-toothed. Branches of 
_ the style subulate-filiform, the appendages longer than the flat sex p 
tion. . Achenia oblong-linear, attenuate, fusiform, or somewhat compressed, hu 
`- pubescent. Pappus of copious minutely scabrous capillary bristles. —A. 
perennial branching somewhat hairy herb, with the habit and appearance of 
ula viscosa! exhaling a heavy odor. Leaves alternate, oblong, entire, 
~ veiny, sessile. Heads irregularly paniculate- corymbose : peduncles some- 
what glandular; the pale yellow flowers n- 2 bid in the copious whit 
s. bes pus. =7 * 
c C Ted o Aqu 
D Oregana (Nutt. ! 1. c.) E wi * 
On the sand. and gv bars of the Oregon and its tributaries, non e 
“gle idc il Xm —Stems a foot high, many from the sam 
F . large a Inula viscosa. Flowers all similar ; io canis ende dhay È 
“dilated upwards §-toothed. Anthers not caudate 


$43, MACRONEMA. Nutt. in fans: Amer. phil. soc. w ser.) 7. p. 922. 


Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers 6-8, ligulate, pistillate, or none; : 
those of the disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the involucre, few; loose, some- 
what in 2 ra Henr eques linear-lanceolate, l-nerved; the exterior . 
mostly with f g tips, commonly with one or more foliaceous `- 
bracts at the base Waking ‘the upper leaves. Receptacle flat, oe ; 
Corolla of the disk somewhat dilated above, 5-toothed. Branches. of tl 
style much exserted ; the appendages of the style (in the disk-flowe s) eloi 
". gated, subulate, hirsute, much longer than the linear flat stigmatic portion. 3 
i Achenia large, much compressed, when mature. longer than the pappus of. 

BE ao d viscidl 


"n. 


dnm 
E 
a 


ches terminated by solitary rather large heads. L 
ate, LI sessile. Flowers uem a 


§1. m. aed — € a^ c» k 
i E M. suffruti Nutt. ! x: d diei s oblong linear or lan solate, acut 
ome oe eee à ie I ja e involuer 


= des rS ; 9m 3 Pee ic 


à + e 
jc QM. 00 = : Nba ; ee 
* d $ E. 
uae the Blue “ae. d xy; 5 /—Stem 6-8 inches Jong, from a low w X 
base ed to the summit. ‘Leaves an inch o ru Ine: about 2 line: 
a large, with — 30 disk- flow ers and y8 pee os 
E g often the oan cie t stigmas with j aie al flore 
un ary the fodhaónts mens." Nutt. s* ferru oud pr a 
et eads ‘sos di unlike those of Dicteria in (Papp ror coronopi ifolia ree 


ty 


se r ubten 
r Fs a pper obse id iang nals coeds s, scari- 
e a 


us, not Pos A achenia : 
Rs Banks “tale tri Ae ah the Düsar Nuttall! ae 
i — pe oce about an inch long, 2-3 lincs wide. Hea 
| Kis ‘ E i T : à 


2 x 
a 44. ERICAMERIA. Nate ot trans: Amer. Pau. soc. 4 ser.) 7. pe 318. 


Heads few-flowered ; the ray-flowers 3-6, ligulate, pistillate ; _ those of Pe à ¢ 
disk 7-9, tubular, perfect. F of the turbinate or cylindrical invo + i 
x BA imbricated, carinate-coneav e, chartaceous with scarious margins į. 
` outermost short and subulate, fleshy, passing into the level Recep ide E 
- , small, alveolate. Corolla with a slender tube; that of the disk infundibuli-- E 
"m. the-summit, 5-toothed. Branches of the style. linear-subulate, "he © 
* 'hirsute acute appendages much longer than die stigmatic portion. Achenia ^ : 
linear, slender, terete, mostly glabrous. Pappus of copious | capillary. bris- a 
doy soul s similar-but unequal. —Dwarf and often a 
{natives of Oregon & © California), exceedingly branched and leafy, the . 
pect of Heaths. Leaves acerose or linear-subulate, crowded and füscicled | 
phe, at the a the branchlets. ” 
2 M. be A E 
a 1. c.) zsomew 1 lutinousy + 
cape ae jm hrii $ scales of 


ime ias on T mele misso! IHE Nuttal lif &c.—Shrub G12. 
inches high at first S chereue pl sce ae le aves 3-5 lines lo rt ^ ui 


2r (vui det rg dimus amenta utin nous; le 
cu rays a ie ud bh. 


, somewhat acids 


p eey s of Orego - 
ehed, n 2 cing, ‘brittle : s et, eaves 
e pious, in 2 se iE. De igid Teaves 


j: sabak: 'eiptinogs ; bas slender, co= 
subulate-linear, acute, 
about we ^o 
: ac 


> "a > T 

ExicAxEmA. " COMPOSIT E. T 237 
i , " 
m WD the preceding ; the flowers larger and not perfectly yellow (ochro- . — 
. < leucous) ; the branches more cag and open; the leaves somewhat longer 

Pe a little b broader the rays often, s not al vica bilabiate, with 2 strap- 
shape ments oppose aito 2-toothed. «css Nuttall.—Pappus 
EO in Dalkoo sc series, s di capillary bristles neat all equal. 


* 


PA STENOTUS. N utt. in trans: Afer: ifa soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 334. 


x - Heads many- dakwa: the ray-flowers 8-12, ligulatk, rather distant, pistil- 
* dato those of the’ disk tubular; perfect.. Scales of the hemispherical involu- ' 
cre few, oblò vate or orbicular, 1-nerved, — (rarely coria- 
ceous) with scarious sies closely appressed and regularly imbricated in- 
2-3 series. ‘Receptacle flat, alveolate-toothed. Rays oval-or oblong. .Co-. 

gi of the disk idm towards the summit, deeply 5-toothed. Appendages 
» of the style broad and flat, withthe pubescent appendages various in form. 
Achenia oblong-turbinate, densely silky- -villous. Pappus of numerous soft á 
. unequal densely scabrous capillary bristles, commonly bright w white.—D warf (d 
"e -. suffrutescent plants of alpine aspect (natives of the Rocky Mountains, &e.), 
enéely cespitose, of a cinereous hue, or sometimes covered with a resinous —— 
as xudation, the fastigiate stems or scapes. numerous from the ligneous branch- 
ing Ede terminated by showy heads (large. for the size of die HE 
"euer or lanceolate,. Lo s rigid, — entire, uem 
S crowded. Flowers bright- yello : = t 


: 


ey 
* 


a 


* 


Se 4A group of ie vi well malisd. in a and doubtless gne distinct tm * 
e be "Aplo 4 


- 
kd 


s $1. Poperiad stems or scapes emocdat ipto and naked, TE TVA 
* _ heads Š leaves cinereous : rays 10 t papm ue silky hairs € the ache- 
"n nia spaki white. ~~ "n 


a S. a ‘acaulis (ute l.c.) : leaves clustered at the ocius et did 13 
‘caudex. Mice anceolate, mueronate-acute, somewhat 2 pz e 
inue hispid- -sca s; sp nearly leafless ; scales of the near sae. ^ pt 
brou involucre bai. ora acute, chartaceous, with scarious m Sy 
gms, A seie in 2 series; rays short, often 2-clefi j^ _appendages of t le 


eaves scaly i Fock yog those of the a, T 1-2 ie 
h smaller, or none, 


e - 
pygmeus: v very d dwarf; s sspitlate obtuse, so: at 3-nerv 
D: liate; the radical as lông aia ee head brac- 
eate ; scales of. the Apes EA M s dip iate, rather 

linear. 


P t 
i Ig i.) u 41°, pr. Siete! Y 


Es — 


e): £d at th «E E 

ed eee e): Jait 3-nerved ; m a 

ve i. * | ais 
sk) Jv'x A 


s. 
* 


€ 


e composita. i Sore 


sca E scales ‘of the involucre roundish-oval 


Ká 


4. s. iona (Ns E 


R "E summit of the wi 


Mar S the sit 
sepsis cs tos d. P 


"rad. Phil. 7. pe a 
e es art ck y Meeks ins, towards the sources- oftl thie 
aT. As ! Nuttall! r p hs Hte nem 
LI mie. p 


Qa or ne e 80 ; ledes crowded a at 
wly lanceolate or line „acute, . 

iple or ae nching scapes 3-4; scales ot d the in 
iliate, imbricated 


1aceous, erose-ciliat 
e-linear, minutely pub 
ae Ei 


d hai 


es & T 


& a 
E i. 
E, 
E. 


§2. d crowded. on the ioi $ branching AL nre 
often c covere with a résinous exudation: rays 19 Pappus. kag nt 
4" of the achenia bright white. : i. 


um 
M 
mbra 


i m EM 
s denique guis gre branched te i branches naked an " 
marrow nea n. (T ha 


‘aaa 
tithe inner as long as the disk; a s of tlie. 
X dy much shorter than thé li near. ppenieer rtion.—A plopappus ~“ 
8, DC. ! prodr. 5. ^p. 247; ; Hook. | Amg yi bot Beech cyan 
i rnia Mode! bava. an indie. $ more fe Healey 
| diameter; the involucr re looser than in the wo "S à] 
fer : es ador short, branched, hairy ; leaves all [eA a 

i ire, glance m ads P ; , terminating. the podar 


* 


E 


gek n xs i "a 

p -Am. 2. Aes i ar n 
2 yb Rapids of thé Te WE aul 
. » Doug - Snake County, Mr.. 
ver allied to A. i wut liu but with different The 
t [of accor any of th and t 

meds NET. y a tawny or ferruginous pappus in the ngest § RÀ e, «i 
ewhat ja al bng a e l 


ginous. » ese pies 


rice the f 'ibe'inv voluere 
Tar D 
Erigeron ? florifer, Hooks 

hoe 


“Ba leaves obo 


mm 


t 


i cm 
er ed 


g stems nu 
tose-cin 


sth nary EIOS | d 


"^ a4 Y "o Wa wm Ld | LO t 
p ‘ . RW * id 4 x. 
i i &^ j ETEA ae y~ 
SYTENOT ‘COMPOSITE. . age dis 


A des on Patéid.. declivity afe Rocky Mo Motai ins, Nuttall! /—Stems. x5 
inches long, a litt tieslepeet r than the tufted. leaves, the latter 1-9 d v 
.wide. Pa = us scanty, of AMA: 2 series of y ee. bristles, speret m CAE 
corolla. 
` j wA. Les 3 HT u b i * >. 
" T d. JSOPAPPUS; x m 
ERO om 
‘tends several- -flowered ; the ——À 5-12, ligulate, vung: those of e 
ES “the disk isk 10-20, tubular, perfect. ku d of the eylindrical- rq in- i 
"em voluere lanceolate ub 4 3 series, , appresse " 
* small, alveolate, the em nearly Gui». “Corolla ” Oe o. disk dd s 
3 “dilated - upwards, 5-toot hed. Appendages. of. the style subulate, hirsute,- 
much longer than the stigmatic ee Achenia a linear-oblong, terete, at- * 
S us at the base, silky-villou Pappus a single series of. capillary s sca- e 
. brous entirely similar and diy equal bristles.— —Hirsuté and 
loose y paniculate-branched Diennial | herbs, with small heads on slender a ^ 
les. Leaves alternate, c. rowded, sessile, lanceolate, 1- zneryed and some- ý 
(Coating ker. uno. cien often sparingly serrate. k $E x apa 


$4 1 RE di ivaricatus : godere and Uis € y-hispid ; ranche 
cy pelitacles slender, divaricate-spreading ; leaves rigid, cec 
o Mn MS or ae ot and remotely serrate _taperi 
’ ^ nvolucre [inene subula P 
.. flowers 7- » rysopsi ca utl. 2 
2S i , EU. ! ! sk. e ens. op TAD Nutt. ! pd a Amer 
als. iplo rysopsis) divari i - 
Mam Set dab eon DC. prodr. 5. p. 317, _ as two sped. 
b 2. Nut G «cl. syn. vapa roga relate to 
^ ea pea scabra), & Pluk. alm., which: proba ly feptesehits "Chysopss 
* 


W Nx 


F^. ariana; 


pry san neat d fields, Georgia! to is Dess and No 
ies t deem ld 


E 


ct E 1-5 feet high, some old, 
dice els "i 


us, d Ne that T true pee: w, the im dius but in a e 
MB le s nder, entirely ud v. e An of equal esed a ve ey r- 
few Pe of less hofter—On thee 


liar [ns bit, Mr 


. plant, cud be pe 
of se ing plan 


^.$ which, ho 


&c. 
TU the = » and h 


ro ; Em 


b le, no ot g bl 
2 josie ringed i wi b stles nua 
44" _ petiole, sp osm, late vol fri pen onülate, near! Fr 
te sede e^ e abri M 
: 2) t^ 
d. : in es 


E '. rus uU oF d Te 


pa t ga * - + 
* L4 : 1 
id MD ys . .COMPOSITA. Isoparrus. 
1 "e * * 


W US otn Je in. specimens. we have examined are in the herbarium of Sir 
m. H 


Q* 
47. "APLOPAPPUS. Cass.; DC. prodr. 5. p. 345, excl. spec. - 


` s 
i: y ii many- flowered ; ; the ray-flowers numerous, ligulate, puuliste, E 
E sometimes wanting; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Seales of the 

— - lucre lanceolate or linear, imbricated. Receptacle flat, foveolate, or alveo- 
F "1 late and somewhat fimbrillate. Achenia silky, somewhat terete, oblong or x 


* 


= .turbinate.  Pappus of copious unequal and more or less rigid scabrous bris- 
tles.—Mostly perennial herbs or suffruticose plants (chiefly natives of the 
Andes and the Pacific coast of America); with alternate reu MEE or. 
# . so agi leaves. Heads ss or somewhat E: 

^ yellow 


" "Ec Wi e no species which aes -— with the Chilian Euaplopappi. Some [ 
+ , of the Aplodisci are most n allie them, except that they have no rays; but 
~ the presence or absence of se^ es r be of minor consequence when the capi- 
a tula are homochromoys Perhaps Pyrrocoma and Priono ops is hardly deserve 
rank of genera, but it is more convenient to separate them * 


‘i ^ $ 1. Scales of the hemispherical or campanulate | Prvoliaere. linear lanteolate : 
a ` achenia obovoid-oblong or turbinate, silky-villous : pappus of copious and * * 
Rs Very unequal but neari capillary bristles: perennial or sufrutescent:, 
"T ~ 7 leaves pinnately lobed or incised ; the lobes or tighi pointed ws bristles.— 
* P " Brrrnanopox, DC. (excl. no. 9.) : : t y 
eh LTA rubiginosus : suffruticose ? branching from the bae viscidly pubes- 
d prin and gospel ea Pecan: x e or na TOW y oblong, mostly narrowed 
T sessile, Wer fca the divaricate teeth i produced ilito pel- 
= Juci ristles ; SEND: ose, lists or A Mes terminating the iy p * 
S, ofte bracteate ; = s Ee jnvoluere linear, acute, viseidl 
aril in abou ries, | 


: E 
bo rect or ibd orobo WM 4 
CN po bs, 1 aiat "Hed ads wd vete than in Chrysopsis Mariana, 

2 ` on short „stout cles. © Rays 15-18, elón 


| style oblo j ; 
henia silky-canes escent. istles of the pappus in about 3 series ol ia * 
Bh ied ‘apparently t t p bhyllocephalus, DC., of Mexico. 4, aa 


2. A. spinulosus (DC.): hérbaceous; canescent bes a soft rninutgwoolly * 
pubescence, or at length almost abrous ; stems many fr the same root, 
I 


ll) r K^ eia 
TN fnear-subulate, 
the numerous = ny | 

orter i he yee LT scutes Sublat-iaoeoaty m t ulate, — i 
kx se Y Bi ipei: canescent; a a turbin bac y 
unequal,— DC. i. c Amellas?. a s india = 
Ael descr. does not perfectly aceord) ; Torr! i 

Pr Starkea anna, Nutt ] 
m A 2 92. 


the Rocky 


i - 
bu 


ApLOPAPPUS. COMPOSITAE. | - y 
feet high. Leaves an inch or more in length. Heads small. Rays s 90-30. 
Corolle of the disk with very short teeth. Style nearly as in the preceding, 
but the appendages as long as Pe "rae portion. Pappus short, rather 
rigid, very puequal, in about 3 se . E 


s 


$ 2. Scales of the hentapherizal involucre lanceolate, more or les imbricated : A 
achenia oblong or turbinate, villous : pappus of unequal and strongly scabrous 
“but almost capillary bristles: stems low, scape-like, from a fusiform caudex, 
^ bearing solitary or few rather large heads : leaves chiefly radical, petioled, 

ceolate, mostly with cartilaginous or spinulose teeth.—ARNICELLA. 


ği 


. * Scales of the involucre —— chartaceous, unequal, imbricated i in 3 series: 
` pappus shorter than the corolla of the 


. A. lanceolatus: stem «and petioles at first Esg at gon, ubt 4 
Boos leaves coriaceous; the radical and lowest cauline lanceolate, ^ 
DE Eri spinulose-toothed, Lee the upper small an DUE s ie $ 
lanceplate, partly olan ng; heads 2-5; achenia silky.— E 

pi. k . Bor.-Am. 2. p. 25. Homopappus deese multidoras, 
“A Nutt.: 1 in trans. Am y 

Saskatchawan, Brinnon? TUM A ex east and west of. ihe Rocky T 

^». Mountains in bout la 41°, Nuttall ! Plant from 6 to 24 inches high. Ap-w ^ 
^ c pendages of yis ‘la e. about the lengli the stigmatic portion. 
aoe 20 to 25, pistillate, and to all appearance fertile. 


TS * Scales of the involucre linear-lanceolate, herbaceous, nearly equal, poe " e id $% " 
Y t mns: PEPE Sart very opinis, as long as the corolla of the disk. E d 
uniflorus woolly when young, ; at length abend leave 
ngi, de radical Fane eg acute, sparingly and coarsely spinulo se-toot 
- or some of them entire, petioled ; the cauline linear-lanceolate, partly élasp- 
mg; heads Ne ai etiary itivelucre at length nearly veto 'achenia - 
silly-villous.— Donia uniflora, Hook. ! fl. Bors- Am. 9. $: 25, t. 124. Homo- 
Cn (e ae uniflorus, Nut "Te 
a oes f the e Saskatchawan and oon ath of the niky eis ss 
mon es high, from at x da caudex en = " 
style. snes R ays 25-30, fert s : e 


é 9. A. i inuloides : entose-woolly thro sible: the pubescence moat ne 
. persistent ; leaves (ite c acute, entire, or sp mec a ul pe 
the radical tapering to the base but nearl ions uc 
ucre ve Woo ly; achenia ren omo; pet inu- Á 
soc. 


zd 


Mou eras -of the Rocky ountains ards 

Platte, Nuttall |—Plant 3-4 inches to a foot high. ins "Nu | 

» pen "the style lanceolate e-subulate. The rays are eR ay app 
p. ci d e precedin, a nd 


i 


a rently fertile. The species is "S. ed allied to ps 
» Bapt not distinct diem 
khi 9 


Lg yi * $ 
us: caudex thick, branched ; radical leaves say sp «4 
E entire, somewhat petioled, a out 3-nery: AN 


ding seapiform stems} T 
ssim ia. A ina ¢ 


ae COMPOSITE. APLOPAPPUS. 


On Mount pei Oregon ! collected either by igi or Mr. Tolmie ; 
_the specimen mmunicated by Sir Wm. Hooker.—Stem or scape 3- 3-4 inches 
high, belting or 4 small leaves below thisrnidate, tomentose pubescent neat 
the summit. Radi cal. leaves 1-3 inches long, apparently rather fleshy. 
Heads nearly as large as in A. uniflorus, to which it is F maniel allied ; 
from which we infer the ray (twice the length of the involucre) to have been 
er which is oe from the specimen appus whitish, -—€—— 

1 Achenia at first villous-pubescent, ‘the hairs deciduous. Appe 

es, of the style dlntizated- -subulate, much longer than the stigmatic pag 


§ 3. Rays wanting.—APropiscus, DC. 


* C T sie, as long as the disk; the scales regularly imbricated in 4-5 series, 
heri 


db Vise marrow scarious margins, slig ohdlh ly herbaceous and spreading tips: 
it, the t g (Aplo odiscus gw, Isocoma, Nutt.) 


7.. A. Menziesii: stem suffruticose ; the branches d simple, som: 
"m what pubescent; hea s in terminal corymbose clusters ; ves s alaisen 
or linear-spatulat x 


Californ ‘Com 
5 x Nuttall! A bril-May. Phat 1-9 feet high. 


LS 
"iow. as ged as the disk: corolla not e: at the summit. 


A5 


d nous; He ee branched; heads this jo r spicate at the sum- 
` uc = . 


a 
ose PA YE dig ucrona d lg eading 


"t e E ig ( pug 
nin. "Capt: Beechey, Foaia | &c. Pig a Gah de Habit of some 
| er od Baccharis. Leaves of the "branches an inch long. He Awo- 
E thirds of inch’ in length. iraa narrow. E " 
E Ri ^ Incolucre hemispherical, as long as the dis; the scales lanceolate, mb icaied d in 
sd about 3 series appressed : corolla longer than the very unequal ; pappus "o dilated at 
Ex ĉĉ“ summit, ‘Sone ue cos 
b. Meu $ a 
E | 9. 54. Nuttallii :: > cinereous-tom entose, dwarf ; stems numerous TT D 
— Woody or caude ex, leafy, bearing several somewhat corymbose small) 
ineifo ate-toothed, the teeth ending in 


s in the. oa range, Oregon, Nuttal Pl ant | 
h, with the habi peers nuine Apl pappus-- 
TR. ‘> 54. 
E x P mg x * 
EX i TN, a € 


IU Tnvolucre elongated obconical ; the oblong-linear scales regularly imbricated in mu-. 
merous series on the slender cylindrical rachis, with herbaceous squarrose tips, the in- 


ook. & Arn.): slightly pae somewhat resinous . 


c -oblong, sessile, serr 
old somewhat glabrous; appendages of the eyi oblong-lan-. 
nia si y: Rs um vinum. t.! im od 


r 


- * L2 à Ld we xe i wee 
* - : f BS 
PyYRRocoma. . COMPOSIT/E. ; O g 


48. PYRROCOMA. Hook. fl. Bor.- Am. 1. p. 306, t. 107. 
Sect, Eupyrrocoma § Bracteose, Dc. —Homopappus (partly) £ Pyrrocoma, Nutt. — 


Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers numerous, pistillate, but sometimes 
infertile or inconspicuous; the disk-flowers tubular, perfect. Scales of the 
hemispherical or campanulate involucre rigid, somewhat foliaceous, nerve- 
less, oblong, with more or less squarrose or herbaceous tips. Receptacle flat, ý 

. alveolate-toothed. Corolla of the disk cylindrical, slightly dilated upwards, 
with short erect teeth. Branches of the style in the disk-flowers subulate- 
linear, elongated, the hispid appendages much longer than the stigmatic por- 
tion; those of the ray often unequal or one of them abortive » glabrous. s 
Achenia linear, elongated, somewhat 3-angled and striate, glabrous, rarely 
hairy. Pappus (reddish-brown or fulvous) of copious and uni lender 
rigid bristles, usually longer than the corolla of the disk, vcpsidi gi Pee 

. nial rigid herbs (natives of Oregon), with simple stems; the sho wy per 

- terminal or in the axils of the Beni leaves, often sessile. I : 
alternate, lanceolate or oblong, sessile, 1 1-nerved, reticulate-veined, , obscurely | 
pel Pepu, sharply serrate or entire. Flowers TONS cut 


* 


Tie blond, very large and. broad, with foliaceous bracts; the rays slender, - 
- » . concealed in the pappus or -— (the margins ingalae in dried speci- 


c mens), infertile.—EvPvRRoco 


T a 
1. P.carthamoides (Hook.! 1. €.): stem (and young leaves). ples 
iiit ed by a single bracteate head; leaves oblong- es — 
nate-acuminate, s ringl Mop: ; the low t tapering i 
slender petioles; bracts similar to the uppermost leaves, as in as the t 
ohar; corolla of the ray and disk shorter than the gappi emp 4 Vaso 


Ore egon, AVE the ‘interior 1) Do oug Ads one rather stout, a font t rico 
lu- * 


high.. Head more than an inch in 1 diameter; the proper scales of the in : 
cre oblong, i ^re á eries, srs than the disk.—'T'he clos 
á blance of this plant to the following: idiate species induced us to — 
te attentively ; and that the head is a has 


osed ; but there is an outer series of rays, which are so conc T 
| pappus s'as s readily to escape observation. One of the branches of the = 


à T le in these me 7 ssed or abortiv the other is stigmatose, but g 
P tet fe MV dte not improbable Je that the ays wl be Ag 


od e bea arently infertile.—It is not 
is found pne a little exserted. | » 
3. . radiata (N ): very rous; | eaves s shitig Ta clasp- - É. 
i iim " mr obovate-oblong, entire 5 te : v 


- ing; the radical (peticled) get lower c 
upper ceca or oblong, sparingly s 
Wc and somewhat gary 


r 2 inc 
lenta! > Bertol much like Ome of Liat 
ve, and v rem imbricated in 5 us qe 
à "a Soc du = 4: rat a 
X ii ; ay k 


ih: 


& 


É. 
244 à “COMPOSITE. PrasocótrA: 


[reme more x = er -e — T eds: than the disk. 

Rays very n rigid, exserted, but inconspicuous, Achenia fully a third 

un inch oie pra the Toni o the ri id ex We ing pappus ; the bristles 

_of which are barbellate-sca abrous (more so o tha the pre ending. some o of them 

very obscurely thickened towards the apex.— The rior cov of t 

fruit, or calyx-tube, as in the whole paan is ab apes ‘fons the 
ovary. 


Pee 


§ 9. Heads smaller and fewer-flowered : the involucre scarcely bracteate ; the 
rays manifest, and usually fertile—Homorarpvs, Nutt. (excl. spec.) 


* Heads hemispherical: involucre imbricated i in 3 series, shorter than the disk: achenia 
-— hirsute. 


- P. racemosa: stem glabrous, bearing several (2-7) racemose heads 
ae summit; the peduncles and the ovate-oblong scales of the bees 


pubescent ; s glabrous, lanceolate slightly spinulose-serrate; the up 
acute, oblong-lanceolate, partly clasping; the lower he base, 
h tioled ; corolla of the disk shorter than the pappus.—Homopap- 
pus (Myrianthus) race S, Nuit. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l 332 
Plains of the Wahlamet, Nuttall !—Plant 12-18 inches high y 
yrrocoma ; but the heads reduced in size (les an inch in diameter) ; 
the involucre of fewer scales, and not subtended by leafy bracts; the rays 


(15-20) rather conspicuous and fertile ; and the achenia hairy. 


* * Heads obovoid, sessile and = clustered: involucre as long as the disk; the scales 
linear-oblong, with short distinct herbaceous tips, imbricated in several. serie. 
glabrous. (Intermediate ss ie Pyrrocoma and Aplopappus.) 


-< F. icit * glabrous; nim branched. at t the summit; the hea 
e^ 
rec leaf ; es of the re ts ie obtuse, mucronate ; rays 


slender; young ‘pane slight ly Segak — "te pinoi dicen cblo sime 
lanceolate, mucronate, obscurely and T pe ly serrulate; the cauline partly 
a 


Plains of t nea alla-w a in wet pas Nuttall !—Plant 
a foot high; the leaves (enti like a genuin Pyrrocoma) and involucres, 
as also in oe "ui owing PN an Tpke covered earl resinous ex 

n half an ong ; the r EN fertile. o i 
5. P. arguta: gla abre rous; eae axillary and terminal, clustered, 
of the involucre lanceo late, acute; rays 10-12; leaves paar 


a, 


" $3 
ceolate, ei lg acuminate, Sharply serrate, the cauline partly clasping. . * 


Pl i E Ad tem argutus, Nutt. ! l. E i 
ains the Oregon, with the ing, Rep: as similar to t 
a according to uen: it : an” more c rmn mble ie" 


ing, 
ing Bem The ray poe ae inka we have examined = g 
y neu 


‘tee pad s "i hei lave spain rl 
dns 34 “ihe p partly clas, 
with t 

preceding, N 


of dii involucre ange ng, è 


* 


Prroxorsis. COMPOSITE. — . 245 
€ P fa ` , S 
My eama N Oniy d 
49. PRIONOPSIS. Nuit. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 329. 


Heads broadly hemispherical, many-flowered ; the rays numerous (in a 
single series), ligulate, pistillate ; those of the disk tubular, perfect, but more 
or less infertile. vs of the ee. very numerous, us m 
date, somewhet un ,the or spp and foli 
broad and flat, un elas: orolla of the disk dighay M up- 
wards, 5-toothed. Appendages of the e in the disk-flowers lanceolate- 
oblong, obtuse, rather short. Achenia short, very glabrous, somewhat striate, 
turgid; in the ray oval; in the disk cylindrical-oblong, or the infertile oblong- 
linear. Pappus deciduous, composed of copious and very unequal rigid 
scabrous bristles ; the inner series (5-10) setose and stronger than the others, 
longer than the corolla (of the redd and much longer than the achenia; the 
others successively shorter and more slender.—Stout biennial plants, with 
the aspect and spinulose-toothed Maa of Grindelia. Heads large and 

showy : flowers yellow. 
The short and very smooth achenia, and the payi Pe p form the chief, if 
plo 


not the only distinctions between this genus and t I 
der tn Meme with the South American species to ju to e zm e TR 
ves 


- P. ciliata (Nutt. 2i ulis stem gun ample or sparingly 
Scie boe apical very obtuse, partly clasping, somewhat veiny, 
closely an ds wap mme toothed, the teeth " pointed at bristles.—Donia 
ciliata, Nutt. ! our. acad. Philad. 2 »* TE e J^ 1M 445 1? 

Aplopappus (Leiachenium) c ciliatus, DC. ! pro € 5. p. 3 v P pA] 
À Thanias; on t ial banks 26 Great Salt River, Nu Texas, a 
Drummond! vbi ar ta about 3 feet high. Involucre an inch in f* 
diameter, semalélis t jt cwn Pappus of the ray Vases shorter than in the a 
disk, often d eciduous in a ring. Inner bristles of the pappus terete, attenu- 
- ^ ate from the base to the middle, and thence obscurely thickened upwards; 
the outermost very slender and scarcely memi the agra: the others 
intermediate i in size 


& ur à 


i 


-P.? Cha apmanii : stems simple, MH hirsute-pubescent ; Vos erect, A lin 

s, narrowly pagt or linear, glabrous, p E tly acute, seta- gany 

trate; the radical ones elongated the ‘upperm ost short, some- /— i 
ood scales of the invol ucre Masoeoln ate, vidt acute or cus- el 
s elongated. 
wampe in pike burone Middle Florida, Dr. Chapman! "June-July — 
1-2 feet righ; bearin tee Siehe. e cringe ‘li snap nici d 
i , sometimes 


ps an oe in diameters the DE ds er r er yet the disk f 
flat, slightly alveolate pi fimbrillate. Rays 0, nar- 
Appia os the yle i  disk-flowers narrowly la 
than cHenia coor) won paid 
d, i irs as in the precedin t the bristles $ 
Se hans nou he 3 nia, and are not entirely sure , 
that ds 
* the rays are yellow P ES 
* 21 i " E : Y $ & = à 


ia : Ld 
hi i * 
, COMPOSITE. Prionopsis. 


2 i 
fee E yer C 4.5 : 


50. M 


Heads many-flowered ; the ray:flowers: about 20, ligulate, vistflanss those 
“of the disk tubular, perfect. lnvolucre subglobose ; the scales (few) closely 
imbricated in 2-3 series, appre essed, coriaceous at the base, the upper herba- 
ceous portion lilated r ombic-ovate, cuspidate or mucronate ; the inner with 
scarious margins. Receptacle flat, strongly fimbrilliferous; the subulate 
fimbrille nearly the length of the achenia. Corolla of the disk somewhat 
dilated above, 5-toothed. Appendages of the style (in the disk-flowers) 
subulate-filiform, hispid, 3-4 times the length of the linear-oblong flat stig- 
matic portion. Achenia short, obovoid-turbinate, obscurely 4-sided, minute- 
ly appressed-pubescent. Pappus persistent, spreading when old, composed 
of 10 subulate- filiform rigid bristles, which are flattened and dilated towards 
the base, minutely scabrous above, longer than the corolla (of the disk) and 
twice the length of the achenia, 10 similar but smaller ones nearly one-half © 
shorter, and usually about 5 still smaller and exterior.—An annual or bien- 
nial glabrous herb ; the stem and fastigiate branclies slender, rather thickly 

“clothed with linear-lanceolate 1-nerved cuspidate-acute alternate leaves with 
scabrous margins, and terminated by solitary small heads. Flowers appa- 
rently light yee. 


21 


ae 


* 
C. Drummondii. i: ; 
Texas, Drummond! Dr. Riddell !— Plant 20-30 inches high; the virgate 

= a minutely s ges us. Leaves erect, pale, about an inch long, sessile, 
the lower sometim : sli ightly serrate. Heads half an inch in diameter; 
the ra: ved -itatdautonldse, elon — e of the receptacle white, 
chaffy, united only at the base, setaceous, not unlike the pappus. Achenia. . 

^ about a vag gos : mme ong, all fertile, bot d those of the ray often larger than ¥ 
the maturing earlier; the setiform-sub buisse pap- 

i spreading in fruit. Heads in appearance not unlike so e spegies 


«t Centaure a 
TA > 
51. GRINDELIA. Wild. mag. nat. Berl. 1807, p. 261; le mem. 
mus. Par. 5. p. 48; DC. prodr. 5. p. S 
n Donia, R. Br. (1813)—Demetria, Lagasca, (1814) Er. 
em Heads manj-flowered ; the ray-flowers. eme pistillate, in a single se- . . 
SET. oes (or very rarely Mene : those of the disk tubular, perfect. Involucre. - 
hemispherical or sub ; the scales "n. SPET and imbricated in several- 


e series. Receptacle p Corolla of the ray antec th of the disk _ a 
te, the hairy appendages 


acute, as lo long as the stigmatic tt Achei 'ob- 
at ~ oval, somewhat angled, glabrous. Pappus of few (2-8) rigìd or cor- 


3 sqm iT 
* . 
GRINDELIA. COMPOSITE.” — m 247 


Heads solitary at the extremity of the branches; the involucre, and often the 
branchlets, as well as the (yellow) corolla, &c.c overed with a glutinous var- 
nish, particularly when young. Disk-flowers sometimes infertile. 


H 
I Bc ice (Nutt.) : herbaceous Yo agnus - tennes entire (the lower 
pw cun iiis or the d mucronate-acute, 
partly clas somewhat fleshy, pellucid- oett: 5t paniculate ; heads ? 
(rather veg leafy at she base ; cales of the which with li — ^k 
recurved- a appe ges; pappus of 5 or ort and stout nearly te- — — 
etc bristles.—JNutt. trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c. Gk spe peirar i fol. sub- 
integ. Beads anette ib ok. & Arn i: bot. Beechey, p. 147. 
California, at St. Barbara, Nuttall !—Mr..Nu pet obtained only imperfect 
specimens s, and thinks the plant may perhaps be only a variety of G. gluti- 
nosa. The thick awns of the PORE are considerably shorter than the =- 
corolla, and not at all angled or bubo 


* 
2. G. inuloides (Willd.): stem vp at the base, branching and 
& pubescent or hirsute-pubescent above; cauline leaves ovate- -oblong, rather |. 
glabrous, broader and cordate at the xs naii hein obtuse or rather 
acute, evenly serrate-toothed ; emi of the involucre glabrous, vdd into . 
linear-subulate spreading or recurved appe endages ; bristles of the pappus 
-3.— Willd. l. c. p. 961; Sablon 2 » p. 894 ; Dunal! l. e. t. 15; Bot. rege 
p t. 248; DC. diode: gp. 315; Ho dii bot. mag. t3737. e pubescens, 
Nutt. ! in jour. acad. Philad.7. p. 74. G. spathu ulata, Link, enum., ex 
Aster Vw nne Hort. Madr. ! E Dens uda spathulata, tikai clench. 
"hort. Madr. (1814) p: 20. iuo a, Per 
T - br anches, leaves, and inv ucre; 'glandular-haity- Hook. fl. Bor.--Am. 
under Doni 
Waves ovate- oblong or E ai ee the upper p e 
tse mostly PE with glands; achen of th : often s —G. mi 
` rocephala, DC. l. c.? (which is x ta iive e a pappus of 4 ewe es.) 
¢ - Texas; Belandier t Drummond! ] (a. & y-) Akane: M u! p. Beacons 
C» of the Wahlamet, Douglas, ex Hook. Aug.-Oct.—Sent many years ago. 
i i Siva from Mexic to the Botanic Garden of Madrid ; ae hnconmnoe in 
ation. 
* 


k E G. Menai (Hook. & rn.) : stem herbaceous, glabrous below, hrig 
^ towards the su mit; cauline ae post and partly e a oblong, ob- . 
tuse, sharply patriotic, the younger Bbesgetia ener scales of the in- 
volucre glutinous, appressed ; the exterior tor jarrose 5 
bristles of thé f dau 2-3.— Hook. & Arn. Z bot. Beech zd p- 147, & suppl. 
s . MEDI: T 7. (manti iss.) p.278. G. rubrica d 5 dh 5. p. 316. 
California, Capt. Beechey, Douglas !—Stem arid p^. nearly simple 
Moe purplish. Leaves rigid, 1-3 inches ot narrowly oblong, the 
lower oblong-spatulate, reticulafe-puneta few o sro 
4. G. robusta soak ape ser glabrous? s stem. “herbaceous ; leaves es oblong, 
ordate- ing ; 


- Very obtuse, coarsely serrate, involucre leafy dni 
E, the’ scales ia into ros ved-sq subul: sente ; : 
i i 2 (or m ro Tybid Ni. r p Agins- puc s (n. ser.) 
Ert Ts 14. 4 * 
T St. Ped ro, Calitril Nuttall! April.— A yery sto t and robust st species, ` 
* about 1 18 inches high, S. cde biennial. Leaves about an inch broad, one 
“and half f fio 2 inches s] long eads very large, more than twice the Mager 
_ those of G. squarrosa, w which this. species much resembles; but the leaves are 
broadest at d the base. Nutt. P 


ml 
E G. squarrosa (Dunal): herbaceous or nearly so dabross em coryne 
Di 


9" "H de + aoe 
ee ue 3 "es EI I 


& 


a 


* 


D | . COMPOSIT X. | ger 


or. 


bose nched ; t 
ps clon E mass! piene clasping iagcales s of the gluti- 
nvolucre with recurved-squarrose or mostly circinate subulate pe 
Dun al, js 5 


bristles of the pa s 2-4.— e. p. 50; arg appt. ‘hp 
“journ. ed. 2 1 j 2 


Doni 
163; Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 25. Aurelia oe Cass., ex 

Dry plains, om Sa Upper Missouri! tothe Rocky Mountains! and north 
to Saskatchawan tending, according to PERE into the woody coun- 
try between a a A 64°. July-Oct.—Plants 10-20 inches high. Leaves 
of a pale gla s hue, small. Heads n pow small; the involucre not 
m half a an rinchi in diameter in the wild plant. 


. G. lanceolata (Nutt.) : werk; iens dis fastigiately and vir- 


gudly branched; leaves lanceolate e, acute, closely sessile, coarsely spinulose- 
rrate or incisely toothed; scales of t stevoltlere wih subulate- filiform 
n "ree es, early equal in Mete the exterior loose; pappus 
ostly of 2 bristles.— Nutt. !. in jour. aca ad. Philad. 3 7. p. 73. 
ane leaves ias yim y spinulose-serrulate, or the upper 
y.? leaves short, oblong-lanceolate, partly fede Sine -serrülate 5 
scales of the ose n with T: appendag es, more E dete appressed. 
Plains of WV estore Arkansas! Louisiana! and Texas! y & 8. Nuttall! 
. Pitcher! Dr. Le Pip 9 Drummond !) 1 Tex mond ! 
Sept—Plant 1-3 feet high ; son larger coe than the preceding "very glu- 
tinous; the elongated appendages of the involueral sc recurved and 
diee; but acti die: or refl di when "we chui pale, rigid ; 


the lower ME as qose. or e times almost pinna atifid, 2-3 
inches long. var. 


7. G. integrifolia ie: : stem herbaceous, with a few scattered hairs to- 
wards the summit; leaves puberulent or nea 

brous margins; the upper ones RIRU, bie broadest t the partly clasp- 

ing base ; the lower somewhat spatulate- Mini is hoe often ‘slightly 

e;, scales e glutinous involucre uced into slender subulate-fili- 

“DC! e 


form spreading ap ‘appendages; bristles of da páppus filbsily 2. 


. 31 a glutin ook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 25, (excl. ‘syn-) . 
virgata : dee more e slender met eee branched: leaves narrowl 
e; he maller.—G. v in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c- 
EE bonoi, Dr. Sekri. irwan Niittolt -®© Stem 3-4 feet high ; 
Ehe branches and upper leaves as well as the involucre and corolla, &c-, mo 
or less glutinous. The leaves rather thi in. Heads about as En as in in G. 
squarrosa, or in var.a. larger; tl i 


8. G. stricta (DC.) : stem hU chains E , Somewhat ERR glabrous 
it the base, sparingly hairy at the “summit; ca uline leaves much attenuate 
entire at the base ; the summit oblon ng. acuminate, did. ; pa Sof e 


-involucre erect, linear, acuminate. EC LUE (rmm )7. p 


ulgrave, on the North t Coast, Henke, fide "De Candolle.— 


cannot be confident as to the habitat ~ The character 

lis, except the somewhat hairy ‘steiu-and erect seales NS involucre: 
- G. humilis (Hook. & Arn.): diffusely haer ni from the base, dw 
OU in abrous; gi 

at 


* 


I lower semi with a 
heads small; 


arf, 
iple ; leaves resin ous-dotted, linear- 
long at- 


LI 


[2 


E 
E t COMPOSITE. E 


a. vitis n entire or nearly so.—G. nana f. integrifolia, Nutt. ! in 
trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c 

B. leaves spinulosé-toothed. —G. nana, Nuti./ l.c 

California, Capt. Beechey. Oregon near Fort Vancouver, Nuttall! = 
Stems 5-8 inchés high, ne from a perennial? root. HR hs nearly 
asin G. squarrosa. Pays ab 

0. G. san eis aul herbaceous, pea eae peer stems several 
from the — SS fastigiately branched; leave Pati te 
Mir da oW essile, somewhat si e -serrulate above; heads 

mall; Sae of the fuvolucme with dort subulate squ&riose recieved appen- 
dages; $ eiue 2 bristles ; rays none.— Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. 


a of the Oregon, Nuttall !—-Heads rather smaller than in G. squarrosa, 
pe ing the slender stems. (a foot high) or branches. Leaves 2-3 lines 


52. PENTACHETA. Nuit. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 336. 


Heads many-floweréd; ; the ray-flowers ligulate, numerous, in a single se- 
ries (in 2-3 series, Nutt. ): “those of the disk tubular, perfect and fertile. In^ 
voluere hemispherical; the scales lanceolate, m mucro hu rr a mem- 
branaceous, with broad scarious margins, loosely appressed and im 
in 2-3 series. ‘Receptacle convex, naked, areolate. Corolla of e ray ob- 

» long; ; of the disk tubular-infundibuliform, slightly incurved (the proper tube 
very short), unequally 5-cleft at the summit, the sinuses of the exterior lobe 
deepest; the lobes ede, lira. Anthers (naked at the 
base) tipped at the apex with a appendage. Branches of the 
style in the ray-flowers linear, . gars vee exserted beyond the tube, 
stigmatose to the ‘summit ; of the disk consisting of a very short and flat stig- 
matic portion, 4érminated by a long subulate-filiform strongly barbellate- 
t hispid appendage. : Achenia oblong, hirsute, obscurely 5-angular. Pappus 
of the ray and disk ‘Similar, consisting of 5 gee rigid scabrous bristles — 
slightly dilated (and obscurely connected ?) at the base, persistent.—A. small 
and slender much branched an ; the branches terminated by solitary 
heads. Leaves alternate, ‘numerous, sessile, epee: involute when 
dry, and like the &tém pé qu with Saied wilh us hairs, otherwise gla- 
brous. Flowers. golden. ye S 

P. aurea (Nutt! 1.6.) o see DA Leu $£/ 
" use euni ee ms de ril. 


M. 


m 


250 COMPOSITE. PENTACHETA. ` 


certainly that of Asteroidez, although the appendages are unusually narrow 
and prolonged. — 
P 
Subdiv. 4. HETEROTHECE®, DC.—Rays ina single series. Pappus of the 
disk and ray dissimilar. 


e 


53. BRADBURIA. Torr. & Gray; not of Raf. 


Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers ligulate, pistillate, fertile, in a sin- 
gle series; those of the disk perfect but infertile. Involucre hemispherical- 
nulate; the scales gei wn qat mucronate, membranaceous, 
shining, with broad scariou eran imbricated in 3 or 4 series, appressed. 
Receptacle flat, areolate, iid naked. Corolla of the ray linear, twice the 
length of the involucre ; of the dat tubular, slender, 5- toothed, about the 
length of the involucre. Branches of the style in the ray-flowers included in 
the tube of the corolla, narrowly linear, glabrous, stigmatose to the summit ș 
in the disk filiform, elongated, barbellate throughout. Achenia of the ray 
short, triangular, turgid, villous; of the disk very short, villous, rudimentary, 
Pappus of the ray double; the exterior of few unequal short squamellate 
bristles; the interior of numerous rather rigid barbellate-scabrous capillary 
bristles, somewhat longer than the achenium: pappus of the disk of 2 awn- 
like bristles, nearly the length of the corolla, somewhat dilated and chaffy 
towards the base.—AÀn annual herb, sparsely hispid with rigid spreading 
airs, and giandular-scabrous, with numerous slender and Ege branches. 
Leaves linear, very narrow, short, entire, involute when dry; the uppermost 
setaceous. Heads nce d terminating the spe a a Flowers DPT 
yellow. 


B. hirtella. 

Texas, Drummond !—Stem about 2 feet high, somewhat corymbosely 
branched. Leaves rather rigid, numerous, the lower ones about an inch long, 
— sparsely hispid, like the e stem, with long bristly hairs arising from 

— wen hat dilated | ws and minutely glandular-scabrous. Heads 
pedunc as large as in Chrysopsis ifolia. Involucre at length 
oer s d scales nearly glabrous, M semarkabl membranaceous, 
l-nerved. Ray.-flow bout 12; the achenia slightly obovate, 3-sided, 
rather ne i Pappus ‘of ‘thé di ARN of at rely one) bristles or 

awns resemb I| rage um conyzoides: in one of them the chaffy 

if it 


ae 


base is ibi v ing.—We are not sure that de ray is yellow : 


prove otherwise, the plat pem beds to De Candolle’s division Astereæ 


to F 
a amal of his travels in America during 
contained a great deal of interesting D A the bota- 
i country.” (Short, on Western ern Botany his work we 


ES 


E. HETEROTHECA. COMPOSITÆ. m 251 


i 


ta 


# 


54. HETEROTHECA. Cass. bull. philom. 1817, & dict. 91. p. 130 ; DC. 
" Calycium, E//.—Diplocoma, Don. 


Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers ligulate, pistillate, in a single 
‘series ; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the involucre linear, ap- 


ceptacle alveolate, fimbrillate. Corolla of the ray with a slender Meo and 
an oblong or linear ligule; of the disk slender, somewhat dilated at the 
throat, 5-toothed. Appendages of the style in the disk-flowers lanceolate, 
acute, or rarely triangular and obtuse, hispid. Achenia of the ray (some- 
times glabrous) oval, mostly triangular, destitute of pappus; of the disk ob- 
ovate or cuneiform, compressed, hairy, with a double pappus; the exterior 
of very short s squamellate or somewhat chaffy bristles; the interior of num- 
erous capillary scabrous bristles mostly in a single series.—Perennial? (N. 
erican and Mexican) strigose or hirsute es paniculately branched. 
Leaves ovate or lanceolate, toothed or serrate, sometimes sprinkled wit 
resinous dots; the lower petioled and often farnished with a dilated auricu- 
‘late or stipuliform base. Heads in terminal (and often also in smaller axil- 
lary) corymbose panicles. Flowers yellow. Pappus — reddish " 3 
brownish. : xs F 


1 H. scabra (DC.): stem hispid and apie the beet sape 
e 


leaves ti veiny, Sac? serrate; th serons bs sessile 

or partly clasping ; the lower oval, nies. gag ally ae omei, 
obtuse or subcordate at t the base, petioled ; the étions dilated at the base 
into a roundish foliaceous vade a lamina resembling ver stipes heads 
in a loose spreading or divar orymbose panicle; mewhat _ 
pu and glan ndular, Vict din the pappus; rays oblong-linear; ache- 
nia of the ra labrous; of the disk silky-villous; inner pappu ST. kh: 


bij | ina sind series; the exterior "od eode am setaceons lit 
prodr. 5. p. uH . Lam l. p. 131 
deser.); DC.! c. (excl. char. & md p we ioe: eubaxillaris, i 
Inula sax ae uid 3. p. 959, ex spec. in herb. Desf. (fide Cass. 
I. scabra, P Ha PA E e Mul. cat. ur us " 
Nutt. gen. - Hil. ng E^ 
a. Bau Ls ; achenia. of the ra dis ng, crowned wi 
di 


m 
ir] 
AE 
E: 
i 
% 
ety 
As 
RD 


lina. whic ch we bavét p MS ps esent the ** marginal cup" crowning by at 
achenia, as describe ‘by Enine z MES his propa generic name alludes 
and this disk p um 


isk is un ly n lete or very inconspicu s in our ; 
im the Western sens 1 rckii of De Candolle, asto _ 
the plant in his herbarium, we believe to be a state of the i 


ray-flowers as EC (a pape, 


hav 
; st bar is by) sperms Be appropriate, excep Er m 


"i &. ^ 
ue * y ar 


a le E "D Uo ^ 
* è a 
d 252 COMPOSITÆ. HrrrROTHECA. 
state of the plant, or when the corymb has been injured, in which case it 
often produces short axillary flower-branches 
nr grandiflora (Nutt.: very villous, oso and viscid above; 
Sen wi dirus obtuse, sparingly. toothed ; the upper sessile or nearly so 
mn a tapering base ; the lower tapering into long and slender petioles, which 
what dilated at the base; involucre gl: landular-viseid boo E 
si pubes, of the disk silky-pubescent ; exteri r pappus e, short 
conspicuous.— Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. 1. €. p. 3 315. s Dinis 
pele Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 
N. W. Coast, Menzies ! in her b. Hook. (probably California i np on 
dE ie ux EN Nuttall!—Heads larger than in H. bra, 
bt anillo ise n H. inuloide " distinguished from the former [e the 
character ass and “ae te short and triangular obtuse appendages of the 
styles; from Te € by the Mine: Mesa E aly slightly toothed leaves, 
istinct exterior pappus, &c. In our ae of H. inuloides (Mexico, 
Hartweg), the disk-flowers present an une ee ppus of. copious capillary 
rec forming 2 or more series, but w ith 1 no o Blasi squamellate prend 
rior pappus ; thus bolas the same relation to Aplopappus, that the 
Mer species do to Chrysop 


bdiv. 5. Curysorsipem, DC.—Pappus of the ray and disk similar, 
double; the exterior short; the inner copious, capillary. fs 
e : & 
55. TENE. Nutt. gen. 9. p. 150 (§ of pena excl. spec. ; Ell. 
» 2. p. 333; DC. prodr. 5. p. 3 


Heads many-flowered ; ‘the ray-flowers ligulate, pistillate, in a single 
series; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the involucre linear, im- 
bricate. Receptacle somewhat alveolate, flat. Corolla of the disk-flowers 
‘tubular, 5-toothed. Branches of the style mostly terminated by linear or 
linear-subulate hispid appendages,’ often longer than the flat stigmatic por- 
tion. Achenia obovate or linear-oblong, compressed, hairy. Pappus of the 
disk and ray similar, double; the exterior short, squamellate-setose or some- 
what chaffy ; the interior of numerous elongated and scabrous capillary bris- 
tles. Perennial, rarely annual or suffrutescent plants (all North American), 
mostly villous, silky, or woolly ; with oblong or linear usually entire. and 

leaves. Heads trainen the "T often — mA 


c 
H 


* 


Flowers yellow. 


*» "i l, Perennial : leaves gramineous or Pu nerved : achenia Siale, 
at le attenuate at each end, or fusiform : "exterior pappus eru or 
squamellate-subulate.—Prrvorsis, Nutt. 
ia (Nutt.) : thickly clothed with - aski ressed > 
mbosely b ed above, leafy ; leaves ieg or 


ing, nervose, entire ; the upper gee? and those 
ppressed ; heads segnes n ewhat pupa k 
turbinate involuéte linear and yubescent | 
ular; Fassa - Sat e. ne 
(m MIX r pam 3 
f F 


E 
= 


* 


Mit. 


Xe 
d t 


E 
idi "COMPOSITE. 953 a 
gen. 2. p. 151. Erigeron nervosum, Willd.! spec. 3. p. 1953. E. glandu- 
losum, ed. = Y Diplopappus graminifolius, Less. in Linnea, 5. p. 310. 
ompan. to bot. mag. 1. p. Pit ityopsis (Sericophyl- 
LO Pia. $ argentea, Nutt. in cat s des phil. soc. (n. ser.) 


B. achenia n —€——Ó stem less “ez! towards = summit.—C. argen- 
dpt Nut. k c; EU erR Inula argen se Pers. Bae 2. p 

€ 2609. a pre T zraminifola B. enifa, Torr.! in ann. lye. ao York, 
2. p. 2 


Dry ids vei cele ca to Florida! Alabama! and RT bancs A 
July-Oct.—Ste t high, usually leafy throughout. Leaves with 
both surfaces iei dun e ining ; the pubescence at ees often Die rs de- 
aquae: the leaves of the branches somewhat subulat eads variable in 
size. Pappus whitish or brownish.—This species varies ie as to 
tie. size and Preseli of the leaves; but C. gentea can scarcely be distin- 
guished, even as a variety. In id Du Pus dnvoloet e is either manifestly 
or very slightly glandular, and s sa p Bern mse takes the 
p ce of the silky hairs on the buche and pedune 


C. oligantha Maru mss.): stem simple, slender, glandular - 
eked above, bea 2-4 heads; ean es G ate or spatulate- Dex eas 
silky with closely appressed shining dein ervose, entire ; heads on elonga- 
ted naked peduncles; sc of the campanulate e involucre iiM ded Ed 
gate: glandular, somew what pubescent achenia ides elongated, silky-vil- 

8; exterior pappus nearly se 

; ^ Dari pine barrens. of Middle “Florida, Dr. Cha apma April-May.— 
Stem 12-18 inches high, somewhat leafy and silky saa the middle, but 
yr ith : | 


pus are wholly similar to the preceding.— We have seen i; Masi an specimens 
almost intermedi ate between Ibis à epe e the p 


cro wiad. aea line ear, seid, carinate-nerved ; the ae aceous 5 
wheads mostly solitary terminating the bra nehlets ; inner scales of ts nvolu- 
cre linear-lanceolate, somewhat membranac eous anc ane diii. * the 
apex; mau Suen, singe oO 


* 


exterior P somewhat chaffy or squa- 


mellate.—Ell.! sk. ed 5; DC! pr odr. 5. p. 326. , Erigeron romo- 
flexum, Poir suppl. 2 ep. 4 Pityopst sis pinifolia, Nutt. ? iis ee fs 

Sand-hille ik ong the Pt pu Chatahoochee Rivers, , Elliott! 
| Sep.-Oct.—Stem 1-2 feet high. Lower leaves 4-6 inches long. Heads 


“rather large. - i "Exterior pappus very short, whitish; the interior reddish- 


4 


4. C. faleata (Ell.): stem lanate-villous, offen branched ; ao T 
linear, mucrona rigid, ci A or BU. about ipid 
n . dis. 


rior —Ell. ES e. 
falcata, Lee fl. 2. p.532. l : : 

7 Pit tyopsis : ul? ! 4n trans. - 80c. 
Je ng Island, New York! ‘Connetticat, 
bbins ! Nantuc p Ne Lu Mr. T. A. Green ! July-Sept.— 
s high, stout, very jerry Pappus 


s VOTE 

M * 3 ‘. a E | 
(DA COMPOSITAE. — Cungsorsts. 
e : ; 


i § 2. Perennial : leaves o * Je lanceolate, somewhat veined : achenia ob- 
" ovate or oblong, compres. Evcurysorsis. a 
. 

, . €. Mariana (Nutt.) : villous with dong and weak somewhat decidua 
aot hairs ; em mostly bes dal eu leav es membr anaceous, her. s or ellipti- 
cal, e, or remotely hat veiny y. 

the sy aem Mosely. sanle; m. = T tapering to the bas a somewhat 
petioled; corym mostly sim ple ; peduncles gl: 


* Exterior pappus manifest, setose or squamellate-subulale. 


2. p. 1240; oed (M p. ». 531. Aster Caroliniarine pilosus, &c., Mill. . 
bot. mag. 1. p 5 ; 
-Darlingt. fl. Cest 


f : PE ix 

Sandy and barren ds soil New York? and New J m E be ‘nd 
~ Louisiana! common ate .-Oct.—Stem 1-3 feet high. s villous 
with sparse very fias an d silky hairs, or sometimes ‘nearly pois, mostly 
obtuse ; the lower 3-5 ires long. Heads rather large. ‘Papp 


6. C. trichophylla (Nutt.) : ‘villous with very long and weak Vid woolly 
hairs, glabrous towards the sum mit; stem sim nple or bran ems below, very 
leafy; leaves narrowly oblong or lane olat ely sge te, 
obtuse, somewhat mucronulate ; the upper Foes o orn ey often n care 

s ps the lower Baer te saree veiny; corymb simple Seat 

e peduncles glabrous ; scales of = hemispherical-c nulate 
ores cre lanceolate-linear, acute or mucron e, glabrous or minutely glan- 
dular; the points often udiewhat foliaceous End cor s ac Figs a oblon ng- 

obovate, Ue ids. poris hairy or villous; exterior D. early seti- 
# p milies gen. 2. p. 1 de sk. 2. p. 336; Pi 7 . 5. p. 327. 
ssopifl p rud dona s` oblong-spatulate, in dense very woolly 
^tufis; pee e linear- see or narrowly linear, bier pilose or 
5 PIS involuce e glabrous.—C. hyssopifolia, Nutt. ! in jour. acad. Philad. 
Dip op pue trichophylla? Hook. ! compan. to bot. mag. 1. p. 97. . 
(tant f from Fie le.) ~ 


stole! to Florida! and Spem 5 ? dans on Louis- 
2: iana! ves g.-Oct -—Stem 1-3 feet high, someti oosely co- 
—.. rymbose at ihe summit, pla few leo v tn v branched Fom "ese, viti 
: ymb. a as large as in C 
Well described ie intermediate between ms latter 2d C. goss yos; Ju 


^ tis 


koeni oth by the much narrower ats aabecan b 
and subulate appendages ^ A style, &c. The foliage va- “ 
T mes through riety “of forms into var. 8.; in which they are sometimes Ea 5 
, more: fhan a line m vásisklo i in form, m either glabrous or hair Do 


that. we ~~ sate tasas separ aie.species ee 


et 
f "7 & ossypina Ses very densely ye ae Mi. acomplia: 
leaves ) or ree ec obtüse, entire; the upper ones closély sessile see 
we l heads co ntinet ot somewhat t panicled ; scales of the in 
ET t woolly; achenia o e dE somewhat 
sk. 9. p. 3373 


iien a mee Seil Nutt. ae ŽEN. 
327.. Inula gossypina, Michr.! fl. 2. p. 122; Pursh, 
Lam. reca 3. ae 259, excl. s syn. fide "DC. Erigeron 


» 


4 


* smaller plant than 1h villosa, (6-8 xs heh which i 
„sembles. Pappus tawny ; ahs ca rigid, white. AA cn di 
"E “there 3 are numerous aromatic ri us glan nds spread cd n 


COMPOSITAE. 


inches long. The whole plant —— p Mir co and soft wi 
‘covering. Heads rather larger than Maria 
e. marked with 2-5 eraai sit. 


. C. scabrella: pulverulent-scabrous throughout ; stem stout, corymbose- 
, lea re 


j aha above, leafy; leaves o ong-lanceolate, mucronulate, e 
m ies » i 


ob ong-obovate silky-villous ; exter or pappus BERN ad seti 
In oods, Flor Ax dd Teen aic ! Sept.-Oct. RRT 


oolly 
Pappus Lieu 


high. 


Leav M as larg n C. Mariana, but narrower, rather firm, totally 


„Biitit, as is the whee pila nt, of silky or woolly hairs. Corymb fasti 
“rather dense. Heads a little smaller than in C. “Mariana. Pappus 


9. C. villosa Ou: stem villous-pubescent and sparsely ied 


giate, 
pale. 


erect; ~ 


simple or corymbose, very leafy ; Berger canescently strigose on both sid 
mucronate, entire or rarel with a sha arp scattered teeth, hispidly ciliate 


wardsthe base 
er oblong-spatulate, tapering at ase; p solitary or somew 
rymbose at the extremity of the bonia t pe 


salat auri e 
nia obovate, villous; exterior pappas setose-squamellate.— Nutt. / 1. c. ; 
po 5 cn gie Pursh, . p. 564. Mie os ee M rivi n å 
SR. ; Hook. § 


Jt. 2 
2, & compan. to bot. mag. 1. p. 9 


-1 doti 


on 
Prairies of Illinois ! and the plains of the Missouri cour d &c. 
-— in Alabama, Mr. Buckley!) extending beyond the R ocky Mountains j 
Ore ouglas Hook. Jul 


s! California, Capt. Beechey! in herb. 
et high. a 


; the ri gid pubescence closely appressed. Heads 
Rays about 25. Pap he S ey or nearly white. Appendages of the 
L oe rather obtuse 


w 


eaves an inch or more in length, 1-nerved, 


large 
style 


C. hispida (Hook.): hispid throughout with uniform spreading hairs; . 
t the 


branche s somewhat corymbose ; leaves oblong-spatulate, narrowed at 


BÀ igicur hat petioléd ; the radical on long pedu ncles ; scales of the i in- 
hai 


voluere narrowly linear, acute ; achenia Mer hu iege 
pappus sütidiliellnte. El ok.! fl. Bor 
DC. prodr. 7. p. 279 ; Nutt. ! in iran: An ie il. s 

On the ' Saskatcha awan, ner ardson ! Roc Y Mounaing Nuttall 


a 


* 
w re Exterior pappus setose, sree crs densely silky-villous: ple hee 
. . Catnescent or silky-villous : leaves entire. [p : Leucopss, DC tnn * 5 


J 


in part) = 
10. C. mollis de vei | silky-canescent As - lea 

long, most] Sans ec i ea sessile, the — ap ns 
what rel d; heads few, mbose; sc; exer vil an 
voluere linear-lanceolate.= Nati ! ! in tran ej 
latte, wi 


* Plains of the he biling: visit it chee fe 
the. , not the least 


scabrous, nor an here cil 
IMS ie 


` exterior d 
245 2 Tam Diplopappus) EN 
hi e. p. 3 


bes 


Pea 


í 


eh, Lh d i * A X 
X P AÁ "uu 


> age ^ COMPOSITE. . — CuHsopsiS. ^ 


* 
F 3456 sua (Nutt.) : om canescent with a es ei ges pu- i 
+ and at the same time scabrous ; stems very le afy to € me 
Fermo oblong or elliptical, obtuse, mucronulate, not tapering to the ba sé, 
closely sessile, or slightly clasping, with very scabrous margins; nes lower 
imes fri with brina tow pat a base; hea ua stie -corymbose 
s crowded, nearly dra inv nulate, can nt, rather shorter 
than the -— "m linear- atate es The Fubicstod. — Nutt; 
trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c 


Plains of the Plate, in the Rocky Mountains, Nuttall! . Aug.— 
, many from t oot high, canescent with "xe soft. Spreading 
_ hairs, but peo did Dubai deciduous pubescence very s Xa m 
ves about an inch long, and pee an inch wide, tse] RIR, am 
rough beneath this covering. Heads smaller than in C. villosa, with Shomer 
i Pappus brownish. Allied | to the following. 
a . C. canescens any -canescent throughout, ne at the base, 
^ ens SNO hed, qid; ms and fasti RT branches very leafy; leaves 
blanceolate or ria ate-oblong, mucronate- RRE tapering to 
the base sessile, fringed below the RS with long and scattered rigid bris- 
tles ; heads m mostly solitary terminating the crowded branchlets; scales of the 
cam panulate involucre oboi Eon bo mbricated, canescent. —Aplo- 
Pappu is) C.I d 


? (Leu ; 


ept.—Variable _ 
1 of the branchlets much ip Pe 
the branches ait a bear a fed uires like those so conspicuous on th 
margins of we leave a and pappus (oen. Riu dan 
nearly as in C. foliosa, t. Rays rather numerous and shor 


$ $. Exterior Pare day) but AE out ae inner nearly in a single seri 
to the wpper leaves. (Phyllotheca, Nul R 


s spew or linear-oblong, acute, sessile, en- 

ed itary, mis Sn the fen neeolate involucrate bracts; 
scales of the s involucro e eet te Keen rather longer than the disk.— » 
mer. phil. 


* — ! in p 
ning alifornia, Nuttall! ee 2[ Plant with “a heavy aro- 
4 Bis odor and bitter ray " clothed with slender viscid hairs, with shorter : 
ecce hairs intermixed. Lea p 
ed **with e 


13. C.? pem sd (Nut): hirsute throughout with spreading viscid 
hairs; sigra c : ie j 


ments of stamina 
one th 


ru 
te oe oblong, oae: prs a 


" - : villous wie very so ap i 
4 * ; minutely i HS stem simple or d oid : 
m he e per cd sessile, acute or mucro te, €l : i 
uA m to the base, ten toothed ; heads poe 0) 
branches; scales of the h hemispherical involuere Pillar t linear, >” 
villous and viscid, almost equal, as long as as (didi achenie por 


x : 3 ig " 
‘ ` gx * hy T rs 

Sa ^. . a Eu 
IMS iT M " 


E. > Cumsopsis. COMPOSITE. * 257 ** 
Pine woods and open barrens, Arkansas, Sipen! Dr. Pitcher! Lou- 
' isiana, Do Leavenworth! Dr. Hale! Dr. Carpenter! Texas, Drummond! 
- . July-Sept.—Stem 1-2 feet high. Heads miss "hah in C. villosa, with 
numerous elongated rays. Appendages of the style elongated- i n ue 
à than twice the length of the stigmatic portion. | $ pappu wnish ; 
exterior whitish, the scales linear-oblong, about one-third the. length of P. 
achenium, slightly denticulate, firm.—The lower leaves are sometimes laci- 
niate-toothed or incised. 


Subtribe Baccnaripem, Less.—Heads discoid, never radiate, dicecious or 
monecious; the fertile flowers Sake filiform and truncate, and when monc- 
«+ cious in several series, with the sterile flowers in the centre. Receptacle not 
ehaffy. monere not caudate at the base.— Leaves alternate. 


ee 56. CONYZA. Linn. (excl. spec.) ; Less. syn- 1 P.. 203. 


‘Mesi many-flowered, monccious; the exterior pistillate and fertile, in 
many series, with a filiform truncate or 2-3-toothed corolla; a few of the cen- 
tral flowers stáminate, sterile, but often styliferous or even fertile, with a 
unter 5-toothed corolla. Scales of the involucre in several series. Recep- | 

le flat or convex, punctate or fidofilla ate. Achenia compressed, attenuate - 

t the base, usually glabrous. Pappus a single series of capillary scarcely” 
scabrous bristles. —Chiefly tropical herbs, with branching stems, and vari- 
ously incised leaves. Heads peduncled, corymbose or ng atie Flowers 

allo ow. 


* 


és E . C sinuata ei): annual? hairy, somewhat sca abrons ; lower pen 
g dide: the lobes oval, acute; the upper linear, entire; heads paniculate; 
Scales of the involucre linear-subulate i flowers white, all fertile ; ‘hank 
i ll. sk. 9. p. 378 


Soare Eri- 
geron. d —This plant is ae unk us and is probably d 
indigeno "s appears to belong to Conyza npe, E Dine habes t the Am x 
"oa, OB species of which frequently have the central flowers perfect and itale.. 
LA 


Spreng. Aecording to De Candolle, a specimen of this plant in. 

: Kolsi s is g. Ace to meis bon ole at Mulgrave Sound on the Pacific 

is st it t there is Saige. ape mistake as to the ascribed habitat oft and | 
A rs ke s plan 


6. s. BAccHARIS, Linn.; Michz. fl. 2. LE 195; DC. rod: Ap 398. 


. Heads s many-fowerd dimus: the, PP. a tubular and similar. D E a 
volucre somewhat he erical or oblong; the s iles imbricated in several 

E series. Seis nak ,or r rarely somewhat chaffy. Corolla in the sterile * 

. ewhat dilated and 5-cleft at the summit; in the fertile. filiform, 
__somew hat truncate. Anthers exserted in the sterile flowers ; entirely absent ' 
“in ‘the fertile. - ‘Style in eitile flowers exserted; the branches glabrous ; i : 

© the sterile ti ith an ovate hairy appendage, often more or less abor ; 

ia ribbed or grooved. Pappus capillary ; 6f the sterile plant in a sine | 
VOL. u—33  — 


x 
Li 


oe 


ET 2o fpr 9. E DM 
ges * e "1 aT n " * " 
© 958 oe . COMPOSITE. Bageni x 


gle series, often tortuous or somewhat plumose- penicillate, about the lode! 
of the involucre ; of the fertile plant in one or several series, not thickened or 
penicillate at the apex, usually much longer than the involucre.—Shrubs, 


very rarely herbs (nearly all American), commonly glabrous and resinous, or - 


ous. Leaves mostly alternate, entire or toothed, often decurrent on the 
branches, forming either a foliaceous wing or narrow a Fiowere 
mostly white. i d 


* ; b E ^ Lu 


* Natives of the United States. — s > 
Mb. angus tifolia (Michx.): glabrous, od branched ; ‘the nihii 
ee oe leaves narrowly linear, sessile, entire, rather acute ; heads about 
20-flowered, axillary, pedunculate, and cancel clustered at ‘the su mmit of 
the branches, Hininga a loose pan L scales of the ed ovate-lanceo- - 
~ late, acute.—. war acd Rem af ; Pursh, fl. 2. p.95 ; EU! aki 2. p." N 
318; DC.! prodr. i. a 
‘Sea-coast S Corclind! 1o Flofida! and Louisiana ! _ Sept.-Oct.—Shrub - 


6-10 feet hich, Heads sm 
S oH. halimifolia xS. Te udo. somewhat scurfy-glau- 
" cescent; the branches angled; leaves obovate, oarsely a x eee pr d 
- above, cuneate at the base and somewhat desse into a petiole ; 


R 


up- 
nceolate, entire ; heads of the sterile pun subglobose, Podicellates c 
ed 


ost lai 
Å solitary or aggregated ; the fertile loosely somewhat pa anicled ovate-oblong ; 
scales of the sterile involucre ovate ; the inner 2 s elongated in the fertile. 
DC.—Linn.! a 2. p. 860; Michxr.! fl. 2. p ; Pursh, fl. 2. P Sio 
Pee ae Seis ; Duham. a ei. (cd. 2] 1f 603 "bc! prodr. 5. p. 4 
í Senec ih Tinian ppp: —Herm. parad. Bat. 1.225. Eidheyso 
= affinis, &e., Pluk. alm 
z 2 San ak or Cote New York! and New Jersey, and through- 
E out the low country of t e Southern States! ** owing Mpeg - 
T ob r brackish soils,” EL. Sept.-Oct.—Shrub 6-12 feet high. Pap 
the fertile flowers very long and slender. - 


ia B. - glomeruliflora (Pers.): shrubby, very glabrous; the brane hes an- 
“gled; leaves er cuneate-obovate, attenuate. yee a short petiole, obtuse; - 
ydq obovate-oblon ng, e ; heads sessile and 
ctowiled in the oa er the leaves; the ster s involucre Sampanulate, with 
the scales oblong and iiie. "DC. —Pers. syn. A Pursh, |. c. 
Sor. eae Michz.! 2. p. 125; Ell. sk. n p. 320; ac Vahl.. 
a Damp pine barrens along oe à. cse die not in Pack soils, Ell.) 
wn wy irginia to Florida! and Louisiana! Sept.-Nov.—Shrub. 3-5 fee t high. 
* Leaves ud green. Pappus of vey fertile qum very long, as M ceca 
: andolle, from whom we have taken the characters of this spe- 
eins DR) halimifolia, places the two at. considerable distance from each 


* 


X. 


p. 


* 


os 


£e 


; > 


< ~ other; and authors appear to have no doubt of their distin E he. if 3e es å 


^ deed we are simy e ae with „the present species, we oc 
guish them i 


Y. 4. B. meret e ? shrubby, capto branches angular; ; leaves mostly o *3 

late; the uppermost pen 2 vw omii, viscid y 
e ier de in per ovate, as well a ooth les.” 
- in trans. Amer. mm soc. gas E 7 De Paa? a the “name ¢ B. sä- 
ia, . aff. 


mE 2. p. 211 vae 


E Ne allied to B. omerlitor. More or less “ 
ctate. Leaves sory obse T K DER 
Li Dr cael this pie n on do Canad LI 
"S y : A 2 


5$ E Lo , die. tie l a4 
A EO x I Il 
A Baccnanis. “COMPOSITE. 259 4 
g s t ‘ 4 
-= eimens are not sufficient to allow of our por. any opinion respecting the ; 


* * Natives Y^ California, 


5. B. consanguinea (DC.): shrubby, mist branched, glabrous, viscous 
es young; the Lea ade doesent: angled ; leaves re ob sir 
form, obtuse, with 2-4 rigid acute teeth on each no eads sessile at the 
summit of the branches a branchlets, solitary, or mostly aggregat Sfr i 
glomerules of 2-4; scales of the involucre in the ferti le heads oblong- -linear, 


w 
obtuse, with a membran aceous somewhat fimbriate margin; the innermost 


~ "Father acute. . DC. prodr. 5. p. 408; geh & Arn. bot. Bee sarchy, = k 
p. 352. B. glomeruliflora, Hook. & Arn. l.c. p. 147, exc r. B. ( 
i MESS now refer to B. pilular 


California, Menzies, Douglas, &c i = 6 lines long, about 3 broad, 
= étighity sate above, DC. —Hooker & re es ‘til doubt Men this — 
ME be really distinet from B. glomeruliflora, or from B. pilul 

6. B. pilularis (DC.) : somewhat shrubby, much br abelied; glabrous and 
" “viscous; the Trane ML leaves ses ssile, obovate-cuneiform, obtus e, en- 
- tire, or often SUY tóorhe, 1 -nerved, . "P ; heads glo 
| e the summit of the bra on the ax ary branchlets, bracteate with mi- 4 
. mute favis; eala of jhe ae pra in the sterile e oblong, rather acute, - 
the margin te tt ds and somewhat fimbrillate at the apex. *.DC.. 
“© _ prodr. 5. p. 407; Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c 
oe California, Douglas, Nu ttall !—Leaves x lin kado ong, -and a broad; the 
l uppermost shorter than the Ney a nd out 2 lines in diam Fe ide ¢ 


b 


plant unknown. DC.—* In specimens ‘of the fertile plant, e rite are 

- oa denti esc three-fourths of a n inch ng. $a half an inch in. * 
: the capituli ary or by thre oe sm with 10 3 
Fo the pappus d erp as length. © a shrab 30 or T feet high. It ap- š 


M ^ 
Meg angled above; leave ort ] tithes, lanceolate, acute, erra 
i i ound, some- 


'gin 
t M iar taiteilee ng; 5-6 lin wide? the er narrower; pappus of the y 
sterile iis whitish, as Nor as tbe involaere.) DC. prodr. 5. p. 400... . 
ade Hook. & Arn. bot. Beechey, p. 147, & suppl. p. z under 

B. Woglasit, and by mistake pee g viscosa gra 

poe : d (n: - Ser.) 7- p. 337. Molina, genre Less. in, Linnea, aj -i 


* it 


0 
; alitor Chamisso, Capt. Beechey, Douglas , Nut ti /—This plant, 
pu which Lessing and Nuttall oe e for B. Pingrea, E Arnott a 3" 
‘that they are stil unable to distinguish from the "Chili oM | 
: 8. B. viminea (DC.): shrubby, glabrous; branches iunt, xm cae. a F 
late-nerved; leaves short peti etioles, oblong-lanceolate, acute at ateachend, | 
‘slightly 3-nerved at tho kasd | minu X 


ceous. $ E - §. Arn. | 
California, 1 las,—Fertile plant unknown.. Leaves 12-14 lines 
pen and scale-like. ee the sterile - f 
n the involucre. DC... 
F r 


€. i 


=. 260 ; COMPOSITÆ. nii 
"i ^ 
-$ Subtribe 3. TARCHONANTHES, LE —Heads discoid, never radiate, di- 
cecious or heterogamous ; the fertile flowers tubular-filiform, mostly truncate, 
when heterogamous with - the perfect or staminate flowers in the centre. 
Receptacle sometimes KRE Anthers caudate at the; base.—Leaves 


* 


ernate. ; 
, CONSPECTUS OF THE GENERA. 
* Pappus of the sterile and fertile flowers similar, capillary. 
* M yj 1 
58. Prvcini. Involucre oem Heads in compound — AS 
; 59. PrEROCAULON. Invol re deciduous. Heads spicate. t 
i hn Pappus oft the eril and {rtia flowers none. Receptacle flat or conical. ` 
+ Flowers all fertile. 
" 
60. CALYMMANDRA, Achenia of the perfect flowers daty enclosed Si the chaff 
+ + Staminate flowers few, sterile. > 
61. Finacixopsis. Fertile flow s, in the axils of narrow equal chaff, : * 
APERIA. ` Fertile flowers 8-12, in the axils of broad unequal concave poe Jj 
"53. Miorot. Fertile flowers 5-7, enclosed in rigid gibbous scales. d 
y 64. PsiLocanPnus. ‘Fertile flowers numerous, enclosed in membranous chaff, i 
; .* * * Pappus of the sterile flowers of jd bristles. Receptacle columnar. = 


65. Cie P: oe numerous, enclosed i in the saccate keel of the broad * 


1 


: 
A 


: ^ PLUCHEA. ‘Cass. bull. philom. 1817; p.31; DC. prodr. 5.. Aus. 

i : Stylimnus & Gynema, Raf. (1819. 5 SAES Ell. (1824.) fie 

uw Becta ma many-flowered; the central flowers mostly perfect, but sterile; the’ 
filiform, pistillate, in many se ries. Involucre imbricated. ^ Recepta- i 

. * ele flat, mostly naked. Corolla of. the fer rtile flowers truncate, or. mi- 

* nutely 2—3-toothed ; of the sterile dilated and 5-cleft ; the summit. 


* 


rs 

Ms  bicaudate. Style in the central flowers entire or | min ely 2-toothed. Ache- " 
pe nia somewh: grea angled or grooved. due. [i pill ,inasingle | 

"series, find y scabrous.—Herbs; or rarely suffrutesc pla s (mostly oo — 4 

, dular, emitting a strong and ‘som reeab 

* Ls Leaves er or vigi serrate. Heads in Ta a bs. 

7 p mostly purplish. 


e - eR * 
dee bc. ): pubescent a and slightly visci anceo- =~ 
, Somewhat cot clasping ai th , mucronately serru- 
hier os t x global heads in comp S4 
45 Con Zz , . i 


* pet p- 451. yza bift spec: ‘ 
Pursh, fl. 2. p ; Ell. sk. 2. p.322; Hook.. < 
+ amp S, Tix. ! Jl. 2. p. 126. & 


A » 
PrvcnrA. | .— COMPOSITR. wp 


pi Lo SERI July.- -Sep —2[ Stem E feet ae Las 2-3 inches 
j eg rather acute. Elara dull purpl 


» 


. P. fetida (DC.) : me DUM DES ent; leaves (large) imde 
iis. very acute or acum e-at each end, distinetly petioled, membra 
— almost glabrous, cosspiitolaly featlidf- ede aie sed corymbs "A 

A panion ; pia P the involucre T nd . dotted with minute 
Pole DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 452. E syn ash & me d P. E 6 o 

in di 2 97 


E Gy esi enata & T Raf. ! ann. gm p.l 59 & in herb. DC 
NE ong streams, &c. Pennsylvania? to Alabama! and een X 
Western States!” Aug.-Oct.—21 Stem strongly grooved or angled, 9-4 feet 


to 
feetida of Tinis was ne founded ; but the figure of Dillenius here cited 
_ doubtless was intended for this nati e Erigeron camphoratum, Linn. 
` hort. Ups. &c. is pretty clea arly the following. 7a aoa Wer tho sy-. 
^ Tonym y of De Candolle, but reduce (wo Dis s species to ML g 


* ac eed iri (DC.) : minutely viscid- bce and diu leaves. 
4 1 ate-ovate oblon ong-ovate, pes or slightly mos pale and. mi- 
nutely p jer reni ‘apd sprinkled with resinous Sebai es both sides, slightly 
p -feather-Yeined, repandly serrate ; ri ie fastigiate; scales of t A infest 
nie pe and viscid, eiliate i box a& P. Marilandicai, De 
-F E phoratum, c. 2. p. 864; 
3. p. 1960. Uaa cee ee lth. t. 88, f. 104 7) 
P a. 196; Pursh! l. c. sk. 9. p..320. Qt 
EL. 7) Bigel. jl. 


e mphorata, (Æl ptu e 299, ap ie Pursh, 5c. 
" Baccharis 153 Walt.? Stylimnus naeritimus; s Raf! : b. * 
|o P. angustifolia: meis ey obscurely serrulate or entire Cony 


“angus Nutt.! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 1 
sra arshes, Mnisaeholetts! to Florida! and Kp ‘Au c Odit 
m 10-30 inches high. Leaves slightly succulent, 2-3 inches long. 
Et eadefewer and larger than in the. preceding; the purplish a M 
è E shorter than the disk. Flowers light pur rple. 
Em . P. purpurascens. (DC. vr herbaceous, Wibcwhat visit — 
i legia: ovate-lanceolate, rather acute, equall Á—— Agpering cave oa š 
(|o pole, minutely 'uberulent and glandular, somewhat veiny prts > 
~ podie sem ilios «corymbs ; scales dt Oi: x Rn cada omen #. 
* cid; the exterior a the inn trp riage Sioa 
urascens, m pum & 


Xs » 2.—Co onyza p 
* C a 1192 I v] E g 
Blod ett eey a rather Ee onn ge w é 

zu tea Cu and um. E camphorat a,the iiie about th oe n 
e cauline 


"i 


of 


ae „bu i rin ind distin 
MB “size, but po of diis mes tape is Poin B. we e little a 
‘ atte t at it is p P gungppienn dien sor oe "E 
i* d E s bs T i Moet Ei 3 
: ; irata al sa EY 
& $ u de E ! = 3 


Jaequin is imd by: De Cand to eo Pide (C 


pe iyaa P and Mexi ia dol 


hg ye EK, i 


kd UY t " 


— j 1 z 
262 COMPOSIT E. PrEROCAULON. 


* 


59. PTEROCAULON. Ell. sk. 2. p. 333 (1824); DC. prodr. 5. p. 453. 


* Heads manysflowered; the fertile flowers filiform, pistillate, in we. P 
D : the perfect flowers i in the centre Tor intermixed with thp others, Eil.), 


mostly sterile. Scales of the oblong involucre imbricated in several series, y 
pressed or with slightly squarrose points Receptacle mi- | 
nutely fimbrillate or hirsute. Corolla of thie endi dis ers 3-toothe e 


» sterile 5-cleft at the summit. Anthers bicaudate, somewhat exserted. d 

| nia angled, pubescent widgiopressed hairs. Pappus of numerous capillary: 

scabrous equal bri stles, longer than the involucre.—Perennial Rd or 

iud shrubby plants (chiefly natives of tropical America), with a e- 
hat tube altern 


rous rhizomá. Leaves , lance olate, entire or denicalilh " 
pee densely tomentose béugnph, | the margins decurrent along the stem into 3 
4 continuous foliaceous wings. — ead sessile, * 


densely crowded in simple or 
compound spikes. ' Flowers usua ly white. TES 


i 
l. P. pycnostach yum (Ell.): stem herbaceo € ‘loaves EET : 
A undulate- enticulate, glabrous above; heads Mea dense continuo us spike ; , 
ales of the involucre silky-tom d hg e at reda apex Ell. — 
l.c. Conyza pyenostachya, Michr.! fl. 9. p. 1 3 Punk i ! fl. 2 
a í : 


y sandy soil, S. Carolina! à Florida! May=Aug.—Black Root. pue 


root is much used in ome pw s of the country as an alterative, and as a 
qe q old ulcers. Elliott ) É* 
: a * -F E CALYMMANDRA. Ak *3 


ie ~ Heads anbglebosds subsessile, collected in small axillary clusters, many- i, 
Th flowered, heterogamous ; the flowers all fertile; the pistillate in many series, 
| «in the axils of narrow and plane linear or somewhat spatulate scarious (vil- 
lous-lanate) chaff of the receptacle, with a filiform t m corolla; the per- 
S fect 5 ina single central series, each enclosed in an oval convolute woolly 
t chaff; the short and somewhat inflated minutely 4-toothed corolla mofe or 
less | exserted. Scales of the involucre few, simila to and passing into the 
| Receptacle conical, punctate. B5 with very short tails. Branch- 
es of the short; in the perfect flowers oblong, flat ; in the"pistillate fili- $ 
form. Achenia oval-oblong, nearly terete, very smooth, destitute of pappus, 
E agthose of the perfect. flowers similar, but enclosed by the suhing chaff.— . 
, oA small annual herb, branched fro: m the base, semen ies a very white ai 


+. 


P; appressed wool; thg — slender, te imple, erect, nt * 
| of "t diens cl E 
= x a axils of linear-alifsnceólaté late or narrowly spatul ulate entire leaves; 


ves "zum a line long) on short L| we concealed ” the viue 


: V o a t | s 
CALYMMANDRA. COMPOSITE. wa 


* their axils. Chaff falling away when -— achenia ripen, all visi equal in 
boy scarious, glabrous towards the base, that of the perfect flowers woolly « 
out, somewhat , A n oan shorter than the flowers, but in- * 
š. e s qe achenia, just as those of Micropus are enclosedyby the scales of 
‘the involucre. In the latter, ih extérior and pistillate e are thus in- 
P vested: in this remarkable genus, on the contrary, the central i 
ia erben flowers are enclosed, to — circumstance the generic name 


61. FILAGINOPSIS. is 


Heads subglobose-ovoid, collected. in dense inorm clusters, many- " 
*  , flowered; the fertile flowers pistillatey numerous, an dn many series in the 
eia of the linear-oblong and obtuse (woolly-tipped) flat and scabrous equal 

" vestige of an ý subtaied by as many. of the chaffy scales of the recep- - 


1 ovary 
tacle, and nearly pe aec in length. Involucre of few scales en- 


flowers in their axils: involucrate bracts mostly 5, 

& * ovate-spatulate, herbaceous, with scarious margins, very wool ., Recéptacle * K 
- flat or somewhat convex, papillose-punctate. Style in the staminate flowers r 
undivided; in the fertile with short filiform branches. Achenia oval, s 

. and glabrous; slightly obcompressed (that is parallel with the chaff), et rely 

+. . © destitute of pappus.—Annual woolly herbs, with the aspect of Filago (ove 

of Mexico and Texas), much branched from the base, diffuse. Leaves 
` long-spatulate, entire, sessile. Heads in involucrate (simple or Ti) E 
" "ow. gabe terminating the branches. <> * . 


tirely similar to the chaff of the receptacle, and only Wo 2 S 


* 


This s genus differs from Evax in the broad and flat receptacle obtuse chaff, &¢. >. 
from the Diaperia of Nuttall in n the roundish i very E. ed heads, pee narro 
chaff numerous in each series, the sessile sterile flowers , &c. 


L*F. multicaulis : glometules often proia, chaff of the sterile lowers ^ & 


w ee irao e t herbaceous an lly throughout, -— 
volving the entirely s corolla. ^ Me et. lis, DC. ! p. ; 
459. E. verna, Raf.t sre 
Texas, BefWandier ! T iim ! (the fétmer ie ob-. 
tained it in Mexico: plam uei Biches = Me Sender diffuso stems ^ 
EN and bran ches, clothed th lon pes fi o sas ni om he ea 
= MN x and o ten shorter than the ; a 
long 3 A fd ones us pala inner series glabrous ept at & 


seld : chaff of the Sterile“ 4 an 
Vg or olen the «ru WM 
at the summit. 


ling, which it exceedingly CUR 


i Jea! E d 
r larger, very’ Md MGR. col tw Se 


g dii j E i x T 


A eat 
+ 


tik 
264 COMPOSITA. '" — FILAGINOPSIS. 


rather shorter wool, so that they separate readily when they fall away; the 
4 or 5 sterile corollas naked, connected by the ie m woolly hairs which 
grow on the dilated limb. 


E 


.62. DIAPERIA. Nutt. intrans. Amg Lom soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 337. 


Heads fusiform-oblong, disposed in siii: glomerules of 4-5 together, 
which are collected in large capitate and bracteate compound clusters termi- 
nating the stem or simple and mostly age branches; the fertile flow- 

ers 8-12, demas. in the axils of the of the receptacle, with a much 
d filiform truncate corolla ; bs a central d with a tubu- 
iaintenlibilten: minutely 4-toothed: corolla, destitute of ovaries, each 
supported by a filiform stipe and enelosed in a chaff of the Medus Scales 
of the involucre and the chaff of the small convex receptacle scarious, oval, 
* broad and large for the size of the head, closely and somewhat distichously. 
imbricated and wrapped around each other, the inner successively longer; . 
T the 2-3 innermost chartaceous, attenuate at the base, woolly towards the 
"apex, each convolute and separately enclosing à sterile flower. Style in the 
Sterile flowers -undivided; in the fertile with 2 form branches. Achenia 
(e obovoid-oblong, obcompressed, glabrous, destitute of pappus.—A small an- . 
nual erect woolly herb, with spatulate-oblong or linear-spatulate numerous » 
sessile entire leaves; the stems simple or often branched from the base, ter- 
minated by the large irregularly involucrate compound head; from whic 
arise 1 to 5 or 6 simple branches, terminated by simple but usually smaller , 
compound. heads, in the manner of the Herba impia; and these rarely again 
proliferous. Proper heads and primary clusters more or lene bracteate. 


* 


x^ 


. 
K 
f 


4 Pe -— iferi (Nutt.! 1. Eaa e prolifera, Nutt. ! in De. prodr. 5 


Oy 

sof Red River, Arkani. Nuttall ! Dr. Leavenworth ! Jun e-Au ug T 

vam eme rigid, 2-5 inches high, terminated by a capitate cluster one- y^ ü 
half to three-fourths of an inch in diameter, incisis a large number of small 7^: 


TM s: some of the branches w erous ofte ng b his com-« 

` pound head A 0 involucre few, entirely NS to the chaff, T 

ng into the latter, but shorter, a ool ernally : th the 
ART y x 


e ha of. 
piros or slightly tom@ntose-ciliate : that of the sterile longest 
much longer than the slender corolla it encloses; the liform 

mgt 


. + 63. MICROPUS. p ; Garin. fr. t. 164; Schkuhr, hands. t. 907. | 
p Heads collected in axillary sessile clusters, several-flowered ; the fertile- 
flowers 5-7, in a single series, pistillate, with a ‘filiform „corolla, enclosed in 
(o the inner scales of the involucre ; the 3-7 central staminate, with an infundi- 
 buli corolla, naked, destitute of ovaries. Receptacle small and 
Hats Involucre in 2 series, each of 5-7 scales; the exterior scarious, flattish, zi 
raeteiform ; the interior (perhaps rather to be considered chaff of ; 
le, as described by N uttall) infolded and laterally compressed, 


ne 3v 4 


à: Tent ge. v 


Microrvs. : J COMPOSIT E. * 265 


boat-shaped and very gibbous, enclosing the fertile flowers, and forming a 

; permanent cartilaginous covering to the smooth obovate and gibbous com- 

| pressed achenia. Pappus none.—Low: vind herbs with the aspect of 
e Filago or Gnaphalium. 


a $ Fructiferous scales of the involucre not echinate, woolly when young.— 
Bombycilena, DC. 


a8 


M. Californicus (Fisch. & Meyer) : clusters -— € terminal ; 
iiir: scales compressed -navicular, semi-obcordate ; the inner ea à 
oe omnes by an erect mucroniform a Mole dein wit a scari 
nm uds h. & Meyer, ind. sem. St. Petersb. 1835, p. 42; DC. fme 7. 
: (mant.) p. "283. ¥ 
2 B. angustifolia : slender ; ; leaves linear, acute; heads very woolly w when 
young; e exterior or bracteate involucral scales. oval, concave, scarious with a 
aga centre.—M. (Rhyncholepis) angustifolius, Nutt.! in trans. Amer. 
hil Ce Pr 
£ Californie at Bodega, — Mu B. St. Barbara, Nuttall /— Said to 
“resemble M. erectus, but the s with a niore scattered and shorter sos 
while Mr. Nital’: s plant is more aude: than that stie the young heads 
with a longer wool ; but the rait &c. exactly a kodier | to the character 
of the Russian ER who do not notice the leaves, &c. Fesbape there are y ^ 
two nearly allied Californian cda. : 


x PSILOCARPHUS. INutt. in trans. pan MN soc. (ne ser.) T e 340. 


Heads. solitary or clustered, many-flowered ; the fertile flowers 8-30 i in 
* * Several series, pistillate, with a filiform corolla, each enclosed in an involute 
involucral scale or chaff of the receptacle ; the 5-8 central staminate, with a 
dilated infundibuliform 4—5-toothed corolla, destitute of ovaries, naked. Re- 
gem subglobose ; the chaff and similar involucral scales (as the outermost ^ 
may be > deemed) membranaceous, woolly, reticulated, infolded, and cucul- 
orming thin obovoid or somewhat gibbous loose coverings to the very 
Ps tue. oblong terete or slightly compressed achenia. Branches of the style 
short and filiform, in the sterile flowers minutely hairy. Pappus none.— 
| Very small Pagans branched and depressed woolly annuals, with the aspect 
vax, &c. (natives of the western, coast of America); with linear or 
spatulate-oblong entire and sessile leaves, which are alternate, and irregu- 
; larly involucrate around the terminal or lateral sessile heads or clusters. - 
This ce Nuttall; pe t E i 
' T tud oes ape ict hai? in = ds pese oh g * 


he 
not alluded to the true structure of thi inconspicuous appe 
eh exists in all the species. 


aes. “whieh in e 


$ 


" y 4 ad l 
= f the fissure; P. obits des yv near] allied P. brevissim imus, it is smaller , t 
E Om alie oe lo thè in gli e-oblong, and am somewhat deci iduous. s4 * 


LP. Mhra (Nutt.! L c): sey woolly, decumbent, much branched; * 
iim 1.34 s 
Pod E E ; £ 


he e 
T . ic. : "MES oue 


4 


sw GONMEOSPER. o 9 possem 


— Map soars the floral ones broader, — fertile fl flowers 90 
the inflated fructiferous chaff forming globose very aed 
heads, lateral ad terminal.—Micropus globiferus, ^3 in DC. prodr. 


tec "Barbara, California, Nuttall ! ! April.—* Plant not an inch high, 
spreading out 5 or 6 inches : ae DAY bracteate heads A gar dung. 
vs es what 


one-fourth of an inch in diam the woollin ness of 
deciduous: the inflated fruit- Searing chaff between 1 and 2 s lon ra ciis "^ 
a native of Chili, if itis rea lly the Micropus globiferus of Bertero which is 


uncertain, although that species doubtless s belongs to this genu 

" 9. P. brevissimus Ue l. c.): stem minute, simple, Ape mostly 

a single very woolly head ; fertile Sire ers 8-10; the fructiferous chaff obovoid- 
oblong; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute 

“ Plains of the Oregon River, in- inundated tracts.—Extre mely dwarf 

Apuruaqe not always s so); ; about 4 lines high; ; the solitary sapita lAa, oonga 

er large, Ey on about the third set of leaves, and so downy as to look 

like a pellet of cotton.” Nuttall.—V ery eariy allied to the preceding. Mr. 

Can Suspect t may possibly prove to be the Micropus minimus of De 


C 


aè 


ot. 


y 

i (Nutt.! l.c c): canescently tomentose busgii dif- 

fosely A aad procumbens a linear; fertile flowers 20 or more ; 
fructiferous scales obovoid, t 


4 * [nundated em near the: quee en -— the ei af = NW iie 
hs ae allied to P. globiferus ; but w uch narrow: y with none , 
of. the long arachnoid hairs of that edi: i ge scales of = Mie ptaelé dud 
danlle. " Nuttall. 
4. P. ten ellus (Nutt.! 1. c.) : tomentose-canescent ; tog bai e ascend- 
ing clustered stems and the lower leaves s peonnin ng gla r leaves 
spatulate-linear ; the ie lowers 20 oc mor E de: 4 ahs small, 
terminal ; shoals e flowe or more; fructiferous scales obovoid-ob- £ 
2, gibbous, to ET 
St. Barbara, California, Nuttall! April. Plant 1-2 inches high, her 
w Aaen ; slender. Heads about 2 lines in diameter. Achenia acute 


as T 
65. STYLOCLINE. Nutt. in trans. Amer. ‘shal: soc. (n. ser.) 7. T p. 338. 


Heads subglobose, many-flowered ; thé fertile flowers pistillate, in Selil 
series included in a carinate fold of the chaff of the receptacle, with a very « 
slender and filiform truncate corolla; the 3-4 central staminate, with a tubu- 
lar minutely 5-toothed corolla, destitute of ovaries, naked. Receptacle slen- 
der and elongated, cylindrical; the chaff imbricated, broadly ovate, concave, 

d ‘| scarious, with a green he bacegus carinate-saccate keel in which the fertile 
flowers are enclosed, woo y towards the base; the scales of the involucre 
about 5, similar, but destitute of the saccate y Achenia very smooth, 
somewhat laterally compressed, acute at the Dise, slightly lunate. Pappus 

ss of the fertile flowers none; of the sterile composed of 3-5 barbellate-scabrous 

e as long as the corolla.—An annual tomentose woolly low herb, dif- - 

. fusely b and decumbent, with small linear entire sessile leaves. 

a is (about $ — diameter, yellowish-white) in sessile clusters of 3-5 dm 

+ ee 


sinter 3 


é 


~ 


f 
2 : x E 


: d NM. e vow 


* 


t 
eei: x COMPOSITÆ. i 267 


wa 

Saphaide (Nutt. ! lee.) 

Near Mon rey RU m /— Plant about 6 inches high.—Chaff, 
including x. minute achenia, at length deciduous from the slender spirally 
punctate posi n ie —The fer dle flowers ad ke same corolla as the pre- 
. ceding genera; and what Mr. Nuttall deser as a few long chaffy hairs 

produced at the ape of the receptacle, is de d chui “of the sterile flowers. 


Subtribe 4. INULES, Case. Pleads mostly radiate and heterogamous, never 
diecious. Receptacle not chaffy. Anthers caudate at the base.—Leaves 
alternate. Heads not glomerate. Ray-flowers of the same color as the disk. - 


66. INULA. Linn.; Gern. fr. t. 170 ; DC. prodr. 5. p. 463. 


Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers in a single series, pistillate, but 
sometimes infertile, ligulate, or rarely somewhat tubular; those of the disk 
tubular, perfect. -Involucre imbricate in several series. Receptacle flat or 
somewhat convex, naked. nthers bisetose at the base. Achenium terete 
or 4-sided. Pappus a single series of capillary slightly scabrous bristles.— 
Mostly perennial herbs (natives of Europe and Asia), with the eauline leaves è 
often clasping. Heads solitary or corymbose at the summit of the pedun- 

b cles. “Flowers yellow. i m 


* 


& § Exterior scales of the involucre broadly ovate, foliaceous ; the inner obovate- 
eid med achenia 4-sided, glabrous; rays ligulate, ner nar- 
rowly —ConvisAnTIA, Merat, Cass. 


^ LI 
Dp (Linn.) : leaves (1 arge) velWety-tomentose beneath, ev 
e puro 


P om the radical ones ovate, tapering into a petiole; the ca ulin 
LET heads ups. d at the summit of the zd t somewhat corym 
peduncles.—Linn.! spec. 2. p. 881; Fl. Dan. t. 728; To ill. t. 680; 


Darlings: Jt. Cest. p. 476; DC.! l.c. Aster Heleni ium gn per Corvi-.. 
sartia Helenium, ** Merat, fl. Par. ;" Cái" n dict. l. c. 10. p. 572. de. 


, Clayt. ^ 
oad-sides and about houses, introduc ed ftom Europe, and naturalized in 
many places.—The ck and T nching perennial root is mucilaginous and . 4 
slightly bitter, and is employed as a 2 ren remedy. The old ‘officinal 
name is Enula Ca bislise, whence Elecampane ^ T 
ha e 
. Subtribe 5. Ecurprex, Less.—Heads radiate, heterogamous, never dice- 
cious. Receptacle chaffy. Anthers not caudate at the base. Pappus none, 
or awn-like.— Leaves opposite. (Plants with nearly the habit and structure 


of Heliantheæ, except the style, which c d EI. Asteroidez.) | š * 
67. BORRICHIA. Adams. fam. 2. E. is DC. prodr. 5. p. 488. | s 
Je 


7 Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers ligulate, pistillate, in a single 
: capes: those of the disk perfect and tubular. Involucre hemispherical, i im- 
: i . Receptacle flat, covered with lan- 


E 
fete 
- 
H 

the 
Ht 
: 


Corolla of the ray short and ‘broad; of the disk 
im 5-toothed. Anthers blackish, tipped with an 


«t UNT : 4 


a~" *. : pc RN E is 


KC ee ae ; =e S hs P 


268 COMPOSITE. . ` ` Bomucma. | 
ovateappendage. Branches of the style (in the disk) elongated, ather thick, 
somewhat tergo, acutish, hispid from the summit to n near the b ase. Achenia 
somewhat cuneiform, 3-4-angled, crowned with a short coroniform 4- ‘toothed 
—' Á€— pappus.—Shrubby (American and mostly tropical) mari- . 
time pla eaves opposite and somewhat connate, oblong. or linear, cori- 
aceous or cum Heads solitary, pedunculate. Flowers yellow. "i 


1. Ba arborescens (DC.): glabrous} leaves ge epee naor acute, 

ie gel at the base, entire; exterior scales of the involucre ov rather 
appressed ; the interior ue; membranaceous E chaff of ite receptas. 

ole: ed a rhs —Bupht unnm. arbets, Linn. spec. (ed. 2.) 2. pe 
1273. EREE Xen uS Elth.t 8, f- 43. Corona-solis frutescens, &c. 
A a ed. Bur 32 Di omedea unidentata, Cass. in dict. l. c. 
13 "D. iaer "H. Be 

Ks Wesl Mr. Blod, vett !—A large ee 


c» 


re 
: B frute scens (DC): e anescent with a minute appressed silky pu- 
ibis ; leaves lanceolate or spatulate, obtuse, —— and usually 1-2- 
~ toothed tów ards the me ; s of the bran often toothless, sometimes 
linear; exterior scales of the involucre somewhat skein rather s 
E interior p the chaff: of chet x spas cuspidate rigid point. — DC. ! 
dr. 5 uphthalmum frute , Linn. ! spec. (eda) 2. p. 903 3 


* 


$ 
ETA 
z 
T 
Dp 
e 
a 
n 
> 
E 
e 
Nn 
e 
E 
e 
oO 
eM 
s 
= 
& 
= 
IM 
C- 
c» 
P 
Q 
i- 
a 
E 
B 
3 
> 
ji 


9. p. 4 ; ; 
mum rutin m &c., Catesb. Car. 1. t. 93. Ditaedea Monat, Cass. 4. c. 

On the Virginia a! to Florida! and Key West! June-Oct.—A 
small tby pow: The leaves vary from obovate or broadly spatulate to 
linear; in all the states being eit obruse dr acumin nate-mucronate, entire, 
or with one or two sharp slog eth near base, or r "dd denticulate 
throughout: the exterior scales "the involucre are-ofien rather appressed ; 
the inner either canescent, or y glabrous with ciliate margins, and the 1 
spinous points of the chaff are at first rather shorter t s os the flowers. 
ence pep E i aes B. paeem and Buphth. lineare, Willd. are 
ntly d 47. 


sufficien 


P i 
68. ECLIPTA. Linn. mant. Gaertn. fr. t. 169 ; DC. P4 5. p. p. 489. S 


P Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers- pistillate, ligulate, short, in a 

» single series; those of the disk tubular and perfect. Scales of the involucre — ^ 
niet in a double series, foliaceous, ovate-lanceolate, somewhat .acuminate. 
cle flat, furnished with linear-filiform or bristly chaff, as long as the 
ia. Corolla of the ray-flowers with a narrow ligule rather shorter than 
* z hs involucre ; of the disk ovo p 4- (rarely 5- 7) toothed. Appen- 
- . dages of the st yle hairy. 3-4-sided ; thosé of the disk mostly by © 
compression 2-sided; ithe sides roughened or tuberculate, somewhat hairy a at 
3 the summit. Pappus nóne, or an obsolete denticulate crown.— Chiefly an- 

nual s scabrous ‘or or strigose herbs; the stems erect, diffuse, or procumber 
= be s s opposite, serrate or nearly entire, lanceolate or oblong, feather-veined, 
jor sinwhat wi ed. Heads on axillar or geminate, or ter- 


s 


EE xin e * j EPUM ary . 
and ternate, peduncles. Flowers white. Anthers wan Juice g} 
c ae y 


ù * r ba Pi it | | " ái 


and 
» Louisiana ! vi fe: ordinary form. June-Oct ad n ms 1-3 feet long, alid 
e E 


EcxmrA. T * œ COMPOSITA. 269 


du , 
ty 7 


E. ere a — moré or -— MP throughout with closely ap- 
pr essed rigid hairs ; stem erect, asc r decumbent ; leaves lanceolate 
or oblong- ancola acute or atte eem P4 tegi. end, spa aringly or obscurely 
serrate ; scales of the involucre acute o i 


: iss 
- length of the head.— Linn. / mant. x 157, (pl. Gronov. &c.); Lam. ill. t. 687 ; 


Pursh, fl. 9. p. 561 ; DC. uso T$: 490. E. y EUN. Micha. ! fl. 9. p 
129 ; moni l.c. ; Ell. sk 29. CILE sina alba, 254 
spec. 2. p. 902.  Eupatorio- E dieron A) Dill. Elth. t. üt: f. 137. Sca- 
- Diosa conyzoides &c., Pluk. aln. t. 109, f. 1. Amellus Carolinianus, Walt. 
T. D. m afigea lanceolata, Poir. ex 
B. brachypod. : pedicels as long as the heads, or about twice their length: 
LE Us bch y pod; Miche. b. ts (but the corolla of Aie disk 4-cleft !), scarcely 


5 
< 


an of streams, ASE in damp sandy soil, Maryland! and Rer to 
Florida! and iere ERES E gi (Also at E dde Sound on the N. 
W. Coast, accord to De Gand olle.) 8. Maryland! Kentuc dvi 


at the base? Heads small; the fost ers rathér in ome Chaff 
of the oe Pe fringed. In all ‘the gcn. from us localities 
hi a ined, 3 v 


dependence ean be placed. plant pg has the pedun s5106 
times the length of. the head Nu e.hav n East Indian ucibus of 
E. erecta with the ‘peduncles as short as in E. achy poda. P 


» 
4 Tug IV. ui ac Less. t 
^" $ 
Heads heterà amous, homogamous, eterocephalous (dece or 
monccious). Style (in the aou flowers) cylindraceous above 
branches inear (somewhat thickened or convex <a Toii 


late or hairy at the apex, ei über truncate, or produced into 

“a more or less elongated tors Pash: d appe ndage; the «ginti line 
terminating in the base o appendage, not confluent.— 
Leated oa or as 


il 


) | T * 


ra : 
CONSPECTUS OF THE SUBTRIBES. ' +’ 


Subtribe 1, 1. MELAMPODINEX. Flowers all unisexual; the staminate an id pistillate 
either oceu upying the same, or different heads, in the same or different individuals. 
Anthers not caudate. Pappus never of bristles. 271 

Subtribe 2. HrerrwTHEx. Heads ee ee and iate, or homogamous ida 
discoid. Receptacle partly or n appus hone, oe coroniform, or 


«| awned, or of-few 34 elle. Anthers h, not ca gie -often 


E o fop ; 

| m FravERiEX. Heads 1-few-flowered, pn. E e 
Y ves opposite. bo es E 

Tou S8 

| . - eh eoi R Tacerinem. Heads ay. Pappus av Fue imme Lees with = 
i sina single series and mosty united, do! -— ite leaves 


ue pellucid gl 
Subtribe 5. CUN Heads aed hete rogamous. . ‘Pappas of : several or fees 
merous scarious chaffy scales, in à psa iig series poems dy none. Leaves 
mostly alternate. 4 n 
credi | 
E 4- 4 Li ác Um " E 


" — ; Más. sf + "0 e ae 


de 


w * * A * i 
do S COMPOSITE. . MELAMPODINES. 
= k 
s Subtribe 6. AwrnEMIDEEX. Heads iiy heterogamous. Pappus none or eite » 


rarely squamellate. Anthers not caudate. Branches of the style tru 
and bearded at the apex, rarely terminated by a short cone. Leaves mostly z 
. . . alternate. 4606 
w Subtribe 7. GNAPHALIEÆ. TOE oS and discoid, egr d ume 
| ` mous. Anthers caudate deest of PHP or setaceous bristles, aer 
rarely none. Leaves monte altern 


- Subtribe 8. Senecionem. Heads homogamous or Hefocanous di xdi or ra- “y 
‘dia eas Anthers not caudate. Pappus of capillary bristles, or ANE rare ely | 
wanting in the exterior flowers. Leaves alternate. 
w = * 4 "à 
» "i x E X 


SA o , A 
^ : + f : 
Subtribe 1. Metampopinem, DC. (Polygamia Necessaria, Linn.]— ` 
Flowers all unisexual; the pistillate and staminate flowers either in different 
` individuals, or in different heads of the same plant, or in the same head. 5 
_ Anthers not ¢audate at the base. Receptacle Pa an Kee Pap 4 
; pus none, or somewhat coroniform, or awned, never of bristles. 


* 


x CONSPECTUS OF THE GENERA. ered t 
pr s Re wr 
. 2 i à 
Div. 1. MELAMPOoDIE®, —H " radiate Achenia corticate. 
a 69. MELAMPODIUM. Inner:agales of the involucre investing the achenia. ~. 
A » 


Div. 2. MirLERIE. —Heads monecious, radiate. A chenia not corticate nor r winged. 
70. BLENNOSPERMA, Becepta tacle naked. Ache enia pulverulentzpapillose 
71. Potymnta. Receptacle chaffy. Ac henia obovoid: pappus none. -> 
72. ae Receptacle ch haffy. henia cial i rae P i 
PT ronifo; orma-toothed. * 


pee Sims — Heads monecious, fidíate; the rays de ciduous. dicens not 
atef obcompressed, or winged. Pap ppus of two teeth or short awn 


» ILPHIUM. Achenia a winged, in more than one series. 
ms £ BrenLANDIERA. Achenia wingless, one adhering to each in 


75. E ese Achenia wingless, free: pappus Saw squame Ta 


SER Div. 4. Panne. QUE e monecious, radiate : rays marcescent. Achenia 3 not 


a orticate, obcompressed. 
ka 
76. eer Achenia 5; their ye margins united at the base with the 
i chaff of 2 contiguous sterile flow ; 


Fw 


EU Div. 5. Iver. — Heads monecious, not radiate. - Athen searcely usine 
> T. gar 0m Heads e Panonie, bracteata: the central ine 


» . 58. Iva. Heads bracteate. Kee chaffy. Flowers glabrous. 
: o". Picrornamnus, Receptacle naked. Ache 


Lu Dio. 6. Altpnosine -—Heads heterocephalous; the sterile and fa raj lends i in 
o? difiiront nt plants, not radiate.” Anthers e t 
ne Fertile involucre 1-celled, 1- lowered, not spinose demi 
Fertile: ese 1-4-celled, spinose; the sterile 8- 

Fertile inv re 2-celled; the scales of the aW e 


E a 2 * t * TA 


rete 


henia and corolla woolly. js 


E 
x Lj " : * * 
: MErAMPODIUM. COMPOSITE. x 271 . 
c - Div. 1. MELAMPODIE®, DC.—Fertile and sterile flowers in the © 
... ' same heads; the former several, ligulate; the latter central, tubular. Ache- 


: = nia corticate* (that is, invested and concrete with the scales of the involucre 
r chaff of the verepiacte): Pappus none. Anthers pud: 


80 o oye. Linn; Gaertn. fr. t. 169; A Br. in jr i 
» | trans. 12. p. 1 04. 


Heads many-flowered ; the raygflowers 5-10, in a single series; those of 
the disk sterile by the abortion, of We style. Involucre double ; 3 the up 
` of 3-5 flat and spreading foliàeeous scales; the inner as many as the 
flowers. and enclosing their achenia. Receptacle convex or PARERA 
. ehafty; the chaff. Ves damp. - deciduans. yle in the sterile-flowers 
. undivided and hairy above. Achenia of the disk abortive ; of the ray ob- 
ovoid, smooth, slightly curv m cse by the inner scales of the involucre, 
which are often rugose or tuberculate, or cucullate at the summit, and either 
* truncate or produced into 1-3 teeth or -awns.—Herbaceous or suffruticose 
(chiefly Mexican) plants, with dichotomous stems, opposite m leaves, 
and terminal or alar peduncles bearing a single head. Flowers peiie 
the r rays rarely = two species ?) white. 


» 


E soph, 4M. Sois ra i (DC.): stem sigh p eee much branched, 
~ >» glabrous; leayés linear, deviens with somewhat apan apo entire, or 
“remotely dentate-lobed or sinuate ; pe edun sc longer than the leaves; rays 
: ee, ont (yel OW); exterior ord of the cigar ov 
cent externally; the interior in volving the aehenia, tuberculate at the base, 
? the eskik expanded into a broad hood, w ith a a do orsal uncinate acumination. 
: d DC.! odr. 5. p- 518 
P mh Berlandier ! (v. sp. in herb. DC.) Me 
Yu thea - M. c mri vis coi much branched = - base, strigose * 
+ ugho a 


with min pe Tent numerous, 


wer gH near- scien. obtuse, entire, Hil et ispi ve; pe- 
uch longer than the leaves ; rays oval- oblon 2, un cse thrice 
the ipd of the ovate and hairy exterior’ E of the ‘involucre’s the inner 
enclosing the edi us tuberculate-scabrous towards the base, dilat ed above 
Into a short sm hood, truncate at the summit, with the margin e and” 
të 
exas, Dr. Riddell !—Plant 6-10 iaiclied high. Leaves 1-2 inches long, 
ewhat canescent, above with hispid, peus with weak hairs. Ray: 
ani on haff 


Ch 

summit.—Nearly allied 10 (and y tinct’ M. oe 
DC., a Mexican species collected I by Botanic, Ju so 

for having white rays. = C,cCrherteert n v f f — 
E. Divna Mise ifi EE, DC.—Fertile and sterile ie in the sam 
d » ^ heads; the former few, ligulate, or sometimes tubular and 3-cleft ; the latter 
4. ceittral, tu ular. Achenia not corticate, (that i is not coherent with the scales 
phe ox 


* E d and defined b De Candolle i in this lace. 
"Rm he Halopsides ind as employed this author he o terms those. sigma cor- 
ticate in which the exterior cc overing z (ealyxtube) is s separable from the interior. 


* 


is 


$5 


* 


d 


Ed 


i979 . ; COMPOSITE. T MELAMPODIUM. 


of the involucre or chaff of the receptacle when invested by these), or vinnm 
Pappus none, or coróniform. Anthers united. 


-` Baltimora recta, Linn. ds s recta, DC.) is a native of the coast of Mex- 
ico, and not of Ma ryland, as -— s supposed, eing eed r es S ing 9 na 
du om Pluk xen Chrysanthemum Americanum, ca , ampliori 
foliis eon c. Pluk, mant. p. 46, t. 342, f. 3% Which Ad belongs to Ver 
besina Sieges 


S s j i $ n 4 
«40. BLENNOSPERMA. Less. syn. A 267; DC. prodr. 7. mant. p. 288. 
Coniothele & Apalus, DC. 


# 


Heads m many-flowered ; the ray-flowers 5-10, in a single series, iem 
the elliptical ligule obtuse at the base and articulated with the ovary, entirel 
destitute of tube ; those of the disk numerous, tubular, sterile by the abortion 
of the ovary. Scales of the involuere 5-10, elliptical of oblong, membrana- 
ceo-herbaceous, nearly in a single series. Receptacle at length convex, not 
chaffy. Corolla of the disk short, with a much dilated 4—5-lobed limb. 
Anthers oval. Style in the fertile flowers with short obtuse branches; in the 
sterile capitate. Achenia (of the disk none,) of the ray oblong, terete, nar- 
. Towed towards the base, caneseent with pulverulent papilla (which when 

moistened open at the extremity, or by 2 valves, and emit 2 long filaments 


* 


, 
"m 


of extreme tenuity, soon forming an apparently gelatinous mass equal ina i 


thickness to the achenia itself), destitute of pappus.—Annual slender and ~ 

somewhat branching small herbs (Chilian and Californian), with alternate 

Ge zc -parted leaves; the branches naked and somewhat pubescent above, 
d mostly terminated by a single small head. PUR disk-flowers, 


s ion n yell ow pee are ; 
i Wo / 
d. B. ifornicum : scales of the pei and iid 7-10 ; a seri 
* tile apetalous cadum rcm. with the rays; branch = of thetatyle T the 
E 4 flowers oval, flat.— Veo cem Clirmica, DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 93 
Hook. heirs bot. Beecheg, suppl. p. 
.. . , California, Douglas !—Plant 4-6 He high, slightly pubescent when 
i Eis Bevond the cha cters given above, the Californian de scarcely 
diff , except in the rather fewer disk-flówers of the latter, 


the linear-oblong branches of the fertile style, and the dVsdeudy ip ee 
achenia. In both, pe QUUM ray is immediately sessile the 


* ; and when it falls off s a round perforation close to its se. 
The only distinction of any ui ric consequence between Blennosper. d 
" Coniothele is entirely unnoticed-b Candolle, and may s € = iie 
but if it prove a pe poe — it will be d to pre 

~ of Coniothele for the section. It >e in the presence of a DA E fertile 
flowers ray actly antes to them, except that, 
igule, they bear a minute deciduous Spo which repre- 
rti These apetalous flowers we 
e in Californian specimens, but do nét find in the Chilian 

i ucture of the papillæ of the achemia, ~ 

: some other Compositz, 
= Jep D a e 
* -* T à ; 


PorvuNia. COMPOSITE: . 273" 


71. POLYMNIA. Linn.; Gaertn. fr. t. 174, f.2; DC. prodr. 5. p.514. 


Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers (5-10 or more) pistillate, in a sin- 
gle series ; those of the disk tubular, sterile. Scales of the involucre in a 
double series; the exterior about 5, large aud spreading, foliaceous, ovate 
or lanceolate ; the interior smaller, membranaceous, partly embracing the 
fertile achenia. Receptacle flat, chaffy; the chaff scarious, lanceolate or ob- 
long. Corolla of the disk inflated above, thin and pellucid, with 5 short 

. ^ teeth. Style in the sterile flowers 2-cleft; the branches hairy. Achenia 
glabrous, destitute of pappus; those of the disk abortive, terete; of the ray 
thick, obovoid, slightly compressed laterally, wingless.—Perennial (Ameri- 
can) abba, usually viscid-pubescent, with an unpleasant odor. Leaves - 
posite, or sometimes alternate (at least the uppermost), large, dilated, m 
branaceous, variously angled, lobed, or cleft, ofien with stipule-like appen- 
dages at the base. Heads paniculate-corymbose. Flowers yellow or 


+ 


» §1. Rh ys inconspicuous, shorter than the involucre. oe o (Alym- 
nia, Neck.  Polymmiastrum, Lam.) a : 
1. P. Canadensis (Linn.): viscid-pubescent; leaves petioled, opposite ; 
* the uppermost alternate, deltoid-ovate or rhomboidal, often 3-5-angled or 
_ lobed, or somewhat hastate ; the lower deeply pinnatifid or lyrate; involucre 

exteri s 


2. 1; 

Miche. ! fl. 2. p. 147; Pursh! fl.2. p. x PR f * 451; Daring 

X Cest. us 476; DC. f p rodr. e $555 F. "variabilis, Poir. dict. 5. p. 505? 
Tur astrum, Lam 

-sides in shady sieh we a streams, Canada! and Northem States! 

to the mountains of Carolina! and west to M uly.-Aug.—Ste 
> 25 feet high. Leaves very thin, pale ose Heads small: Pu very 
pale yellow or ochroleuco j 


$2. Rays HN much longer than. the insure —Polyoaete (Palyuaia, 
ass.) 


Mey 


d ag 
2. P. Uvedalia (Linn.): scabrous hat hirsute; leaves 
-= Opposite, triplinerved, broadly ovat De dela? the lower large, nearly ; as 
broad as long, palmately lobes: and er — narrowed into. a 
` sinu ed; olucre slightly 
pub and viscid; the EOS, scales obla dall obtuse, ciliate, many 
tutta ie reer than the: 0-14) ovate-lanceolate acuminate interior ones ; ye 
i li ) , thed at the apex, thrice the length of the inner scales * 
à * involucre.— Linn. ! spec. (ed. 2) 2. p. ; Lam. ut. t Ti ; Michz. ! 
p t 2. p.147; Purs r. be. EU Ley; Beer lec.; DC! prodr. 5. 
p- 515. Osteosy rmum Uvedalia, Linn: spe . (ed-.1), p. 923. Chrysanthe- 


GU rna plsiapi ste &e., P luk. p- t. 83, 4 3. Cc. perenne Vir- 
8 nanum, &c., Moris. hist. 


.—Stem 


soil, iev York! "and uem (rare) to. Georgia ! Lonis- 
; Misso pre ne-Au grooved and 
fo €— Lower m about a foot 


sm 


$ 


= » 


> 


L3 


* 


SY 


x 


E 


Ld 


a 


* 


^ 


F sg ce ae ovaries in 2-3 rows; naib ug dik tuba. 


274 " 


COMPOSITE. rer 


"fide: ; the wis of the peiiples sinuate or pinnatifid.. Heads large; the tage 
an inch long, 10-15 in on bright yellow; the corolla of es disk dull 


s ^ Achenia large, st 


72, CHRYSOGONUM. “Linn. ; Gerin. fr. t 174; DC. prodr. 5. p.510. 


Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers about 5, pistillate ; those of the 
disk sterile. Involuere double, each of about 5 scales; the exterior foliace- 


ous, oblong, longer than the disk; the interior chartaceous, roundish, con- 


-cave, embracing the fertile flower in its axil. Receptacle flat; the 


» 


linear 


rent to the base of each inner involucral scale. . Corolla of the « disk cylindra- 
ceous, - 5-toothed. Style in the sterile flowers hispid above, undivided, or 
- sometimes 2-cleft at the apex. Achenia of the ray obovate, obcompressed, 


a4 


4-angled, somewhat convex on the back, enclosed in à scale of the involucre; 


of the disk linear, abortive. Pappus small, coroniform, 2-3-toothec 


d, and 


divided to the base on the inne r side, persistent.—A low tomentose-hirsute 


' perennial herb, nearly acaulescent when it begins to flower, producing seve 


stems, some of which are erect or ascending and floriferous, others prostrate 
and stoloniferous. Leaves opposite, or clustered at the base, on long pe- 
‘tioles, ovate or spatulate, crenate. Peduncles solitary, simple, naked, at 


first — at length elongated. Flowers bright yellow. 


C. Virginianum (Linn.)—Lam. ill. t. 713; Gaertn. fr. 2 p 


t. 174% 


gie ts Ar pats Walt. ! Ov ep hr; Miche. ! fl. p fu "Punt 
EU? sk.2. p C. Virgini amuna & ose his DO.! l.c. 
i Chr rysant themum 

te 


ems at length 6-12 inches hicha 
ayi ort before the | heads expand, often 
keca the leaves become ratlier glabrous, 


pa 


Div. -8 Sine IEE, | De EU. and donde flowers in bed same heads; 
"the former (3-20) ligulate, the rays deciduous: the latter numerous, central, 
tubular. 


ar. Fertile achenia obcompressed, sometimes winged, not corticate, 


uen of sear poii 2-toothed or oe Anthers snl 


i. fr. t AS Se, han t t. 262. 


the ray-flowers numerous, numerous, pistillate, th the 


rd 5 $ E » 


T y^ ne —* AE wee 


TE 


E 


igisi 


ot 


E 


e 


w 


” 


zl 
> 


Sturmum. , ` COMPOSITE. («+ 275 : d 


sterile. Involucre broadly , al ; the scales ap presi at the base, 
more or less spreading or loose and foliaceous at the summit, imbricated in 
several series; the innermost (those next the achenia) very small and chaffy. 
Receptacle small, flat, or somewhat turbinate when aah the chaff linear, 
` flat, or ightly involute around the sterile ovaries. Corolla of the ray with 
an elongated spreading ligule ; of the disk cylindrical; the teeth very short, 
somewhat thickened and glandular, often pubescent or hairy externally. 
Style in the sterile flowers undivided, much elongated, hispid. Acheniaof = 
the ray broad and flat, ‘Sbcompressed, imbricated in 3+4 series, surrounded 
with a wing, which is notched at the sum mit, and usually confluent with 9 
callous, subulate, or somewhat awn-like (often nearly obsolete) teeth, which 
represent the pappus; those of the disk abortive, slender, with an obsolete 
coroniform pappus.—Stout perennial herbs (natives of the United States and + 
Texas), mostly hispid or scabrous, with a copious resinous juice. - -Leaves 
alternate, opposite, or verticillate, entire, serrate, or lobed. Heads (large) - 
corymbose, panicled, or solitary. Flowers yellow. 


^ 


$ d terete, virgate or nearly naked : leaves. large; alternate, or radical and on - E Nes 
ften sinuate, ^, lobed, or iis parted. : 


ili a 
Squarrose acuminate appendage ; achenia or = ula r-obovate, with a manifest 
and "d wing deeply eerie, — spec. 2. P. - "up £ 
. 5, ; Ait.! Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. E: Xa 145; = 

rsh? ji. 3 e 577 ; Jacq. f. P A t 90; PCl i Es 512; 
Ke. an. to bot. mag. 1. p. 99. (ex iu E, pinna S spicatum, 
four. dict. se .157. S. gunimiferum, Ts 

B. cauline E. umerous towards the [ck cde ad thé stem, sessile , . 
and clasping, ofan lanceolate, a ere -pinnatifid. 

 trairies from Iowa! Wisconsin! Missou of! ! d and, Ohio! to Pod 

tucky! Alabama! mene: ^y gm as! and T B. Prairies of Ala-. 
Den, Me Bu ckley! J SI SOUL Todi thick. Plant jing a a colon -y d 
i i and n muc di - apres A 


Lower leaves 19-30 in 
«ACA <8 gee i Tanod ; ie 
ments na and rather ppg thi 

2 inches in in d diameter, mnt ang the rays, which usually oded the pe 


the idea ro with large very white atir hn metas Am Suid pont le 
ches 1 diri bi iy oc vith an Ov; 


po oes not however n i 
3 ae ' S. laciniatum, which varies gone J in- -foli EF an this variety the 
Incisions p eoe dm half-way to the mid- " 
2 aie d les glab lea 
Ed. em di .): stem 3 peduncles gla rous; Jéaves 
ong, mostly cordate at per) base, sharply se rrate-toothed, 


¥ Am. x ipt ud > € 
inc i^ T i ay OS es rd 
NL £v t7 ^ rt ua s.» 
* E " ó ^ 


& be 


$15 - * M. CR - FR " 


a 
. composi, e  — Ay. s 
T N 


i" Sein leaves ovate, subcordate, AY m ‘and doubl ly toothed. 
Ea: ine barrens and open sa s; North Carolina! to Florida! aha 
lent teighe low e 


kA 


ug 

sle phe g simple, paniculate Or cory mga at the sur mil IR 
i Co or 4 small petiolate ook towards. the base. 
sually Dido fhan lon 


oE 
a 
ü 
s 


ely 
conte this s 
terete te or-abscureh y irk. "T a — alternate, opposile, or I 
2 * uo 2 wafroquendly prescht ali ariations in the same plant. 
: z^ m. 


3s lanceolate, usuall TOW, wid. or acuminate, remotely denti 


country ; f . more common towards the'moun-. 
lorida, Mr. Croom! Dr. Cha. an! d PM —Stem 2-6 feet 


" ifoliatur n TL. j; us and glabrous, often gl T« PE st ade x 

n 

E y x 
ld E rous, especiall the Aere on ie short hispidly cae 

“oe ioles, ternatel opposite 


y or qui peapael; strict, the 


fand coryr or panic le; sc scales o f fe fpe clliate 
Mr "uie acute; the interic r broadly oval, obtuse ; 
t 


| l 5 are P gus beg (when ol n ere or 
1 , e8SSeparating from). the subulate y dem — Linn. spec. 9. p.9 (excl. 
| E y re 335 Dx S. wn. terna- 
me cm itis xa e. Dui 2333 ; hy ti (id 
- em atum & S. trifoliatum (at gb pari Dc! (T 

ct ite ^e 146, ae i i4 

or t aves 

M sm 
d + 


À rple amd gla 
y woods = Nu Ohio! 


Et! 4- 6 


a E ance so isi ; rad 
d ssile; the lowe 


her broad w ings produced at a into P 


6. S. dent tum (Ell): stem'usu cam orhirsute-sca- -Ț 
: brous to s m on 5 leaves vu or ovate-lanceolate, acute, irre- 
y an othed, sc 


" 


PE 


oe 
E 


e 


x 


x^ 


* 


278 s + COMPORIT A. . Lm 


B. lower leaves op: the upper Mine but approximate in pairs, on © 
short petioles ; all ovate-lanceolate and e 
. stém somewhat hirsute or hispid ; “Tower leaves opposite or alternate, 
C Cra um, DC.! prodr. 
phil. soc. l. c 


urti 
gia, "elliott ! Dr. Boykin! and Alabama, Mr. Buckley ! paar 
eaves 3- ide ; 


than in S. A cus. 
Achenia with n which are very slightly produced at the apex, 
which is kerm ai eei ee slightly em ene: minutely ciliate, some- 
tim minute Cei rudiments of the or teeth.—This plant 
bears se Mach re semblan o the smoother form of S. Asteriscus, v varying 
also like that spec xe oi eit cs glabrous or hispid gemi, and with the leaves 
slightly, or very coarsely and sinuate e-incisely toothed, that we can only dis- 

i e inty. ia: and hence we should have hes- 
itated to consider it a distinct pene had not different states of it been so re- 
garded by m De “Bil e, Mr. Curtis, &c., apparently without reference 
to the achen We expect es this character will yet prove incons Eus 
that all the varieties will be included under S. Asteriscus. AA 


. S. Asteriscus (Linn.): stem terete, ipid; leaves oblong or osi lan- 
et irogulaly and often coarsely serrate - scattered teeth, scabrous- 
hirsute both sides; the upper alternate andl sessile ; the cli mostly oppo- 
site, often tern ernately verticillate ; the lowest on Mns hirsute petioles ; heads 

- solitary or somewhat corymbose ; scales of the i 
ous, ciliate, bsc exterior hispid-sc md us, ovate, acutish, the e large and 
obtu: a 0 


& 
3 
e 
= 
TR 
cae 
D Va 
Pw o 
Ag 
S 


teeth.— Am 

Pursh, l. c.; Ell. sk. 9. p. 469; DC! ! prodr. 5. É 51 

rone-Solis, &c., Dill. Elth. b 37, f- 42 

ac Pe levicaule (DC. ! 1. c.) : and pe. the peduncles smooth and, 

glabrous or nearly so; lower pens , often coarsely toothed or sinu- 
scabrum l S. As- 


, ate-incised, tapering into paio les.—' : , Walt. Car. p. 217. 


ae 


ges scabrum, Nutt. 2. p. 183? 

y sandy soil, «inia! p Florida! and Lobiandb comm 
- Ste 9-4 feet “hig . Leaves very scabrous above, less do idend ES. 
£ from broadly lanceolate-oblong to rather narrowly puc from 


toothed. e 
erately winged; the subulate teeth often pue way 


$ 


eni 
more or Che fioe the wing, sometimes projecting beyond it, but usually 
er. 


E ES. ie (Pursh? = is — and glabrous; stem terete, «aso 
opposi "Bu 


ve; | eg coriaceo e, lanceolate-oblo ong, acu ute Or 
ininate .at both ends, rem ispi 


lower tapering into margined petioles; the uppermost pleny sessile and ob- . 


tuse or even slightly cordate at the base, often entire; heads —— ina 


_. loose co: qua 
nia sis ori va narrowly winged, emarginate and slightly ips at "ihe 


vigatum, Ell. sk. 9. p. 465, not of Pursh, ex char., but pe 
Dabiy i te iar ollected by Enslin. 
Eger western part of Georgia anges &c. a. and Alabama, 
aly- Sept t—Stem 2-3 feet high very 
shi 


—— S. eeke Me except that t it is 


arge, with 12-15 elo: dnb 


the achenia not more t agri the size 
3 "et js in 
" . T » a * Á 


* 


$ 


* 


» 


c 


sunt 


~ 


|o» Suemvs. —— * d COMPOSIT E. 279 


is t 
ri faerie surely i is aoe found in the ow E nadie é of Georgi ta 
though there is ome reason to suppose ita native of pu western jim ha- 
nies): but the plant may have been described from the mere summit of the 
stem of this s species for which, as it is certainly Elliott's qas we. have 

retained the 


. S. scaberrimum (EL): stem Wien: vue diia eni don pere 
when old ise es smooth when ng); vie 

what pm rigid, hispid-sc kim ou to di: dius the uppermost 
neatly saat dui entire, “the lower aga jito petioles, denticulate or 
rate; heads few; sca ee of = Ris -2 gre ciliate, squarrose-sprea nw 
ing, the exterior acutish; ach Pes ree) 0 petite very gpa 
winged, haere, cleft E the summit 446. 

e spid, at leas en you eaves r ea t MEN... the 

solitary. 


uppermost sessile, the cali petioled ; p ai often ; 
Y: hispid and scabrous ; leaves bera wem lanceoate-ovate, 2 d and 
alternate, nearly all sessile; heads what panicled.— perrimum, 
- compan. to bot. mag. 1. p. 99. E — Nutt. ! in DNA Amer. 
41. 


Western disuiPts of Georgia, Elliott! lind Alabama, Mr. Buckley! SA Ma 
Y. Louisiana, Menor d,) ph Hale! Arkansas, eter bed 
REA Au —Stem stout, 3-4-feet high. Leaves very ro this 
EM Seed of the upper surface, oe from ica sacpilies 47 
as TA or larger than those of S. Asteriscus; the rays numerous. Mature 
achenia half an inch long, the wing a dm rapta Ttt broad, often with a 
istinct callous tooth.—A distinct species, remarkable for its very rough 
leaves and aes rounded achenia, es — in its aa and allied 
rifoliu 


to S. o^ 
apis (Michx.) : stem quadrangular and striate, eas 
don: E ous, opposite, lanceolate-ovate, with a s subcordate sessile 
and partly cl pig pee tapering to atf acute o entire, ot sparingly den- 
ticulate, a upper surface and margins very scabrous, the lower closely sca- __ 
brous- ent or often th; heads in a close dice corymb; 
` the iterate peduncles short; scales of the involucre rigid, hat 
Irose ; ior o te-] 


* 
1 «ve stem ecd lower surface of the Y ici Adi 
even the Sianc s and involucre smooth.—S. lævigatum, PE ak, Le? 2$ 
speciosum, Ni "1 3 s ri phil. soc. loc. 
ains, i ri! and Deo! = 
of Arkan- © 


ge 
a 
p 
T 
BE 
5 
ua 
iB 
jet} 
£e 
"ed 
7 
8 
HH 
E 
F 
od 


ong.—T 
in the same locality, and also oon cultivated, the stem being sometimes — 
strongly Eus but not cate pee is d smooth: the leaves are =» 
" í usually Very gue rous above and closely sc -pubescent beneath; but “3 
. Occasionally the lower surface is rough like the upper, and dum n entirely 4" 
"a ti. Phe Lo médias Sui in habit. - 


Ea | sd 
* d 


- what foliaceous and cucullate upwardly 


280 COMPOSITE. Surm. © 
? Hz 
+ * * Stem square, at least below: leaves all opposite, connate, either directly or by 
winged petioles. 


11. S. perfoliatum (Linn.) : stem stout, square, | the branches often nearly 
terete; leaves large, ovate or ovate-oblong, thin; the lower ovate- -deltoid, 


_ coarsely toothed, on winged connate petioles 5 ihe upper often nearly entire, 


connate-perfoliate and forming a concave disk ; m trichotomous-corym- 
bose, the central on a long peduncle; scales of the involuc re ovate, Obtiiles 
yo 


3354. S. tetragonum & S. scabrum, Mench. s connatum, Michz.! fl. 2. 
.146. S ice "ii the stem, bapi es, involucre, a ee ves and glabrous, 
the leaves somewhat o (S. perfoliatum of au ; sometimes a 
scabrous above, and minutely and softly pube ton i sets or wit 
stem hirsute or ab nce atle ast above, with deflexed hairs, and the ‘dives 
often hairy (S. co , Linn. mant. p. 574; Willd. spec. 3. p. 2332 
Pursh, fl. 2. p. 578; "Do. iP iie r. 5. p. 514): a sta i 
scales of we ei larger and more foliaceous is S. conjunctum iia , 
enum. o the achenia, these are frequently obcordate-em 
d extremities of he wings e de rounded and niot at all produced (S. erio. 
m, DC.! l. c.); or these are produced into ort E o or triangular 
kal (S. Hornen anni, DC. ! |. c., which, as to NUR &c. is interme- 
diate between S. pecie m. & S. connatum of authors), or into sharp lobes 
producing a oe narrow notch, as is represented in Schkuhr, ha ndb. t. 262. 
e. Auk so bos as scarcely to admit of being distinguished 
oh le 


cams, ee qu NT and Ohio! to Kentucky! 

Tennessee! and the mountainous portion of the Southern States! July- 

Sept.—Stem 4-6 feet high. Leaves 6-19 inches long, 4-8 broad; the radi- 

cal somewhat cordate, on ded ceu genio ; the emper connate either by a 
wh hes ti 


very broad or somewhat narrowed b » eren. e branc sometimes 
iigjoined- Heads large ; the rays 1 —Cup-Plan 


hrocaulon (Bernh. in Spreng. syst. 3. p. 630): “stem donee. glabrous; 
Me a pposite. late, acute, Se ser iy does thed, very seabrous; the 
winged petiolés ' perfoliate; „Scales of the involucre hicks nile ET also seems 
to be a variety of S. perfoliatu 


p 3 k : 
W BERLANDIERA. DC. prodr. 5. p. 517 ; De Less. ic. sel. 4. t- 26. 
Species of Silphium, DC. d: authors. + 


dide ray-flowers pistillate, ligulate, equal in num- a 


volucral scales (5-8, rare 


& 


their axils ; those of the disk tubular, sterile, 


the receptacle, two of which are adherent to the base of each inner scale of 
the involucre and persistent, the others borne on the m and depressed 
summit of the small somewhat turbinate receptacle; the central flowers ôe- - 
ly somewhat abortive? and with narrower chaff. * Scales of the . 
lis acre foliaceous, in 3 series; the exterior 3—4 3-4, oblong or oval, 


second 4 L^ mostly obovate; the innermost (usually _ 5-8) 


: * 


af 


Fool 
A el 
um 


12), and situated ig 
part ‘losed by the so ! 
dilated and obtuse chaffy scales o 


# à 


F 


idal, membranaceò-chartacegut, reticulated. * 


: 


E: 


E x sea jx E E ni, S - 
y -* a ; " > 


q Bervanpiena. COMPOSITE. 281 


T 
Corolla of the ray with 2 an oblong subsessile spreading ligule; of the disk 
cylindraceous, 5-toothed; the teeth hairy externally. Style in the sterile 

flowers undivided, elongated and hispid above. Achenia of the ray in a sin- 
gle series, flat, obcompressed, obovate, wingless, not toothed of notched at the 
summit, E -nerved on the outer, one-ridged and canescently pubescent on 
the inner surface, each more or less stron gly coherent with the flat involucral 
scale to which it corresponds and falling away with it, partly covered by the 


ad 


chaff of the two attached sterile flowers ; the pappus of 2 minute and caducous 
setose teeth or short awns : the abortive achenia of the disk linear or Ree 

ye. with an obscure coroniform pappus.—Perennial canescent or velvety-tomen- 
tose herbs or suffrutescent plants (natives of the Southern United Venet 

t Texas, and Northern Mexico), not resiniferous ; with mostly solitary (middle- 
sized) pedunculate heads d ot the terete stem or paniculate-corym- 
= eee nches; the involucre and summit of the chaff usually canescently | 
pub Leaves emn cordate, ovate or oblong, and crenate, sinuate, 
or fiis na, thin, veiny. Rays yellow, jübeacsnt externally. 

of the disk and anthers sprinkled with reddish resinous globules. 


This genus, although well- Vati in ger is imangs i distinguished from Silphium 
by its single series of wingless , adhen the large interior involueral a 
scales; and, includi nee it does all p^ petens se ul indica nt sp of Silphi à 
it leaves that Sene is bet ter defined in habit and-character. It is 
dolle, who E ed the genus esi a Texan Pale and cere 


rs in all the speci re cc. in all the. 
Wers, we suspect that De Candolle Ls aped istaken for abortive p 
H i ies, fron he corolla vs es = early peri 
—Since our account of this genus s gue red, Mr. Nuttall, w M cae 
new genus u ese plants, adop ur suggestion the i 
but with the appen ded pesas sion of Silphiastrum. His B. Je -— ix; 
kewsir: is doubtless the original B. Taa 
- B. Terana (DC. ! l.c.) : herbaceous (suffrutescent DC» rascal and 
Peia bikie with jointed often purplish hairs ; leav obloug-ovate, cor- 
date, simply or r doubly crenate, minutely hispid-seabrous ger canescent ly 
pubescent or hairy beneath; the lowermost petioled ; the — ioe i ses- . 
_ Sule; heads somewha corymbose.—B. longifoli ia, Nutt. ! in ans. ans. Amer. 


E 


“Tn woods, Texas, Berla estern 
Arkansas, Nuttall 7 B. Now 0 Oris dae non = Móst ofi re specimens. 
rom ..Dr. ets bid a ipen ose) have the rive sess es and. 

i Pe pon m parry with. ppt kaia (colored by the deposition 


s TTS. 


~ but the upper leaves are all sessile, as in De C 
ceolate-ovate, an inch or an inch and a half in length ; grim 
! ein d but those-at the base of the stem are about 4 a ies ong oue, 
very like those of a Betonica, doubly and ugly crenate, on petioles 


XR 


VOL. 1.—36 ie 


» 


282 ; COMPOSITE. à 


A 
= 


2. B. tomentosa: iic aa stem softly canescent with p appre Rawat 


ctt r1 


ly tomentum, simple or branched; leaves ovate o r oblong-ovate, green . 


and minutely pubescent im peius and finely tomentose beneath, crenate ; 
the uppermost cordate and sessile; the lower ones petioled; heads in small 
corymbs, on slender peduncles. —Sil ilphium tomentosum & pumilum, Pursh, 
jl. 2. p. 579. S. reticulatum, Pursh, l. c.?. Polymnia Caroliniana, Poir. 
; - 7. E 


rect or ascending, simple or sparingly brane pif heads few on 
Reigate deed pedicels; leaves mostly obtuse; the lower oblong, ‘often 
d yae d d toothed at = base Silphium pumilum, 


acute a 
Michx: ! fl. 2. a diari: st 15: V 2. p. 469; DC.! prodr. 5. 
S , Nutt. 


| G12. Eein era pa y 
and, with the rite vec of the 
aN brio clothed w very white 
fine tomentum ; heads more uote, corymbose, on shoes potuit 
B. pumila, Nutt. / l. c 
y. stem scii branched, at length scarcely tomentose ; upper surface of 
the leaves one ione 


Dry pine b is and plai ns; @ Georgia! to Florida! . Akon e 
tall! 3 cen Drunno nd! y. Western Louisiar na, Dr. Leavenworth ! 
— arying from scarcely a foot to 3 feet high. Leaves 13-2, ‘the 


e 
lowhitketten 3-4 inches long, and 1 to 2 wide. Pedicels and involtiere to- 
entos ien o 1 e u 


re founde 
We adopted the latter of these pe 
» because the plant, although Me for a Silphium, i is one of th 
e of the genus to which we have removed it 


- B. incisa: 
E Bor » Priati: i lane necis rai mostly petioled, sua and 
very irregularly incised and toothed, deeply sinuate and pinnatifid towards 
the base the r a nd teeth short, obtuse ; heads w lly solitary terminat- 
ed peduncles. Si ianum, Forr-! 


hiu 
2» erg as to the. Spit due collected by Dr. James; but 
not the Florida E pore Nox ; 
On the Arkansas or Pina: Dr. James !—The specimen is only the upper 
portion of a stem, or perhaps a branch, clothed throughout with a very fine 
and close whitish velvety tomentum ; but the upper surface of the leaves (2 
inches or more in length) less canescent. Except that the stem is. leafy, it 


* idera bly resembles B. lyrata, Benth. ! pl. Har tw., which is, however, 


quie distinct ffm this or ‘the following species. 
B. subacaulis face t 


leceent: 


nutely oe 


single 2g sglacaule, Nu (t. s -L c. Silphium Primate, ” Nutt. P 
Sill. jour. 5. p. 301; DC.! prodr.5. p. 512. S. Nuttallianum, Torr. ! l.c. 
uM sine short, at ipis bathe: Teaty bel below ; radical leaves oblong ; 
the. oblong-s e, somewhat onec vie ; all obtuse, lyrate, or spať- 
ingly sinuate, or nearly undi vided ; aati es terminal, very long. 
, East Florid: / ES D. rrows ! ub 


lee 


He 


L Maret 
; rather rough, particu 
ately svat pia ones "with an oblong 


* 


p 


a 


LI 


TE 


Ey 


globose. 
and the two adja chaffy scales, but at Jenahak 
| inga pa, S hy exterior eoat (calyx-tube) is se 


3 * 

BrntASDIERA. . 2 COMPOSITA. 283 

vided terminal lobe. Scopes or peduncles, slender, 6-8 inches long. Head 
arge as in B. toment 


75. ENGELMANNIA. Torr. § Gray, mss., in Nutt. tags: Amer. phil. 
soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 343. 

Heads E ey the ray-flowers equal in number to the inner 
‘scales of the involucre (8-10), and situated in their axils, aie pila ; 
those of the disk tubular, sterile. Scales of the involucre imbricated in abo 
3 series, coriaceo-chartaceous, broadly oval or obovate, appressed, rà exte- 
rior shortest; all abruptly narrowed. into a foliaceous lanceolate or linear” 
spreading appendage, the exterior exeeeding the scale itself in length. Re- 
ceptacle flat; the chaff persistent, chartaceous, with foliaceous and hai 


‘tips, partly involute and enclosing the sterile flowers; the outer series lance- 


or vie two firmly adherent to the base of each inner involucral scale ; 
e ol rs very narrowly linear, rather obtuse. Corolla of the ray with an 
ob ong exserted sessile ligule; of the disk dilated ‘upwards, 5-toothed, the 
teeth somewhat hairy. Style in the sterile flowers u undivided, hispid. Ache- 

nia of the ray equal in size to the concave inner involucral scales to which 
they are applied, oval-obovate, obcompressed, ‘convex and carinate external- 
ly, flat or concave and Ma on the AN seitens potisténp not 
winged or toothed, crowned with two l 

scent squamellæ, which are more or m united at the base, hispid and fringed ; 

those of the disk filiform, abortive, with a minute coroniform pappus.—A pe- 
rennial branching rough : and hirsute herb, with branching stems, corym mbose- 
paniculate at the somit, and bearing several rather small heads on sendet 
peduncles. Leaves alternate, strigose e, oblong or ovate-lanceolate, irr - 
larly pinnatifid, with the se egments lanceolate or linear (the lower longest 
and divaricate), sessile; the radical petioled and Sums” „Rays yellow, 


t = deciduous, pubescent popali 


1 9. i 
Oh the Canadian, Dr. James! Red Rive “tans etal | Dred Lea- 
ven s, Drummond Pl ant 1-3 feet t hig aves i 
È : Taras he involucre sabe 
"he base of the prea crum bó the base of ihe invo lucral 
separat es without kx sd 
par 


Dis. 4. Ranch , DC.—Fertile and Sterile flowers in the sam 
heads; the former T ligulate, - ery or marcescent ; gom 
“latter c central, tubul Fertile acl ressed, not corticate or ee 
"usually with a callous margin. Pappus none, or 2-squamellate. 


x y united. Te 


& ae 


. " Ln 
984 E COMPOSITE. | è Parruenium. @ + 


76. PARTHENIUM. et: Gaertn. fr. t. 168; DC. n 5. p. 531. 


* 
* Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers 5, pistillate, fertile’ somewhat jo = 
y 5s p 


scurely ligulate; one in the axil of each inner scale of the involucre ; those o 
the disk tubular, sterile by the abortion of the.style. Involucre hemispherical, 
in a double series; the exterior ovate ; the interior nearly orbicular. . Recep- 
tacle conical or somewhat cylindrical, covered with membranaceous chaffy 
es, which are dilated above and somewhat cucullate, partly sheathing 
the flowers of Uu disk, tomentose at the summit. Corolla of the ray very 
= short, obcordate, persistent or marcescent; of the disk tubular, somewhat 
dilated above. Stamens inserted towards the base of the corolla: anthers” 
ney slightly united. Style of the sterile flowers undivided: the branches of the 
e style semiterete, obtuse. Achenia (of the ray) compressed, oval or 
obovate, smooth, surr ed by a filiform callous margin, which is firmly 
coherent at the base na the involucral scale and with a contiguous d 
scale of the receptacle on each side, at length tearing away from 
Pappus 2-squamellate, or somewhat aristate, sometimes nearly nc 
Ubi Herbs or suffrutescent (American) plants, somewhat various in 
habit, canescent or hi hirsute-scabrous, with alternate undivided or 1-2-pinnately 
cleft leaves. Heads corymbose-cymose or panicled, rarely solitary. Flow- 
ers whitish. À ; vt ae 


F 


o, ^ d Sy p 
$ 1. Pappus of 2 very small and slender or awn-like squamelle, sometimes 
obsolete: perennial or suffrutescent: leaves toothed or somewhat incised, un- 
E em ASTRUM, Dill., 


eu 
lowe ioled, often: at ose i base ; ts ali Satoe, 
o» corymbed ; exterior scales of the Savehiane somewhat enis penes Spec. . 
* — 2. p. 988; Lam. ill. t. 766 ; Michz.! fl. 2. p. 147; Willd. hort. Berol. t. ' 
4; Schkuhr, handb. t. 993; Nutt. gen. 2. p. Ell. ! sk. 9. p. 474; 
DC. l. c. Partheni i bii. Lu (2205, f 999. Piar- 
mica Virginiana &c., Pluk. alm. t. 53, f. 5, & 21 9, 
ry soil, Maryland! Virginia! to Alabama! cad 4 t to Missouri! 
^io cr and Texas! July-Sept.—Stem 1-2 feet E Lower leaves 
3-5 inches ioa ng. Heads crowded, about 4 lines in diameter; the scales 
closely appressed. Rayi diapers €. 
" $2. Pappus of 2 oblong obtuse menbranaceous TE root annual: 
leaves bipinnatifid.— Ara rrocux: ve DC. $e 
d : 
$ 2. P. Hysterophorus (Linn.): hepa and eet canescent, 
; se ig gee or dies iet "ue usly bipinmatifid; the upper- 
eA heads Avery 1 pe scales of 
the ES 275 ; Hook. 


enis, Ber- 
e hay / 


* e X 


bts mag. i TM ) ram > C. S pete Pw Cav. 


g 


Là 
+. 


E d » & 
1 + ee- ‘ P * COMPOSITAE. E 285 


Also a native of Mexico and the West CP A resembling those of 
& ` Ambrosia artimesizfolia. 


` §3. Pappus of 2 oblong-lanceolate membranaceous squamelle, nearly the 

~ length of the short truncate tubular corolla : cespitose, dwarf: heads soli- 
tary and nearly. sessile among the spatulate-linear canescent leaves at the 

. summit of eadh division of the eli neous caudex | oii on tae Nutt. 


and 

crowned vith the vell of former eaves and with a tuft of White | iet ; 

. leaves densely tufted, entire, silve nescent ; corolla of the sy = 

* © exserted, truncate, slig ghtly Peter ir: —Bolophyta alpina, Nutt. / in. trans. 
Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 347 

In ue Rocky Mountains, towards the sources of the Pla tte, in about lat t. 

499 aoe rocks at the summit of a lofty hill, near the place called the 


^ era an c 
* wide, tapering into short aolas p -nerved. He ads rg among the 
leaves, about as large as those of P. inte Vd c ad: entirely similardn 
structure ; except that the rays, if they may be so called, a ecce s weed 
tubular, with an obscure emargination anterio: rly and posterio orly. 
N 


e pap- 
pus, which escaped Mr. uttall’s notice, consists ce. oe ovate-lanceo- | 


late or dana ag is ony Riese or tooth on each “aed beoe perhaps 
withers away as achen ens. Excepting the h nicum, ie , we 
find nothing M eri to distinguish «this little plant fous pi : 
yond the more reduced corolla of the ray. 

gt 


ET 


Div. 5. Iver, DC.—Fertile and sterile flowers in the same -heads, all 


* : Wt. 
tubular, or the former rarely apetalous. Pappus coroniform, 4-awned, or_ 
^ 


none. Anthers approximate but distinct: filaments wt towards the 
base of the corolla. Style of the fertile flowers mostly 2-part 


ree - OYCLACHENA. Seman ind. sem. hort. Franc. 1836, p. 4, § in 
Linnea, 12, suppl. p. 78. 


(Polygamo-subdicecious ; the barren plant SHular to the fertile, but not 
ertilizing its ovaries.) Fertile and sterile flowers in the same heads; the 

- former 5, in the axils of the inner scales of the involucre, with no corolla ora 
mere rudiment ; the a 10-15, with an obconical 5-toothed corolla, (near- 
ly destitute of proper tube) ; the central’ones abortive. Scales of the flattish 
hemispherical xima usually 10, in 2 series; the ex exterior 5, ovate, n 
what ‘acuminate, thickish, herbaceous sithe interior dilated-obovate, trur nc 
membranaceous, at nee loosely wrapped around the achenia. RéMpu- 
cle sm all, flat ; ji chaff linear-spatulate, usually wanting towards the cen- 
- ited, tipped: with an inflexed mucronate appendage. 
owers deeply -9-clefi, lineaf, acutish; in the sterile 
wir a m ndivided, a a at the apex. Achenia obovate, obcom- 
turgid, not margined, glabrous, entirely destitute of pap- 

E [end staminate flowers with no rudiments of ovaries.—A tall adin coarse 


4 


itt 
& 


wu 


E 2» E 
- les cw ih. * 


3 


"n 


Ld 


A 


T 


i sd e s Nc 
" w " ; E "- e j ; ioe 
è i w re o 
286 COMPOSITA. * ' æ CYCLACHENA. * 


E 


* T i " 
. Y. d " . 
annual; the $n simple and more or less branched at the summit; they, 


leaves opposite, ovate or subcordate, acuminate, doubly or unequally serrate, 


. 3-nerved, hirsute-canescent or pubescent. beneath, * somewhat scabrous, on 


long petioles. Heads small, greenish, ebracteate, sessile and often glomer- 
ate, disposed iu compound terminal and axillary spikes, ee a Inr a 
an i 


en as 
/ C dant hii ifolia (Pr resenius, l. c. )—1va deg p B e 2. p. 185. 
I. Eon s) xanthifolia & paniculata, Nutt.! in trans. er. phil. soc. (n. 
ser.) 7. 


In alluvia l soil, Tones Missouri near Fort Mandan &c., Nuttall! Prince ta 
Neu-wied (seeds from which the plant was raised in the Frankfort Botanic 
Garden) to the Rocky Mo aes Nuttall!—Scales of the involucre some- 

2 k ries 


what hairy externally and ciliate, diens as long as ne isk. Ova 
minutely somewhat hairy t te summit when young ngth glabrous; > 
the corolla duced toa minute ri ng surr roundin ing the babs : ao “style. DM 


are not v that the plant is truly polygamo-dicecious, since the styles 
w 


1 uttall considers the Qd panh we apparenay pee ;.the fer- 
ti aries of Iva ae ae at firs nall lik but int is M 
the inner involucral e also proportionally Be rrey in size, so as to 
readily overlooked, i SERY they have been by Mr. Nuttall. We have ; 
fe men Fes a plant | cultivated in Mr. age s garden, exhibiting the 
bad a som onstrous state ; the of the fertile flowers fre- 
quen ;3 or 4, and thse of r. ks erior sede 2- cleft; the ‘former showing 
an a eonia. ; thee he disk-flo AR -nerve ed; “the receptacle 
towards the margin fu amish Pih dilated aod somewhat cucullate chaff; 
while in the wild plant the c aff is burg nearly p ie wanting.—E xcept- 

opposite leaves, this pla as the habit as w a as the inflor- 

many of the characters of daniele DE [^ e.Less. ie. 4. t 
238); d A , indeed, it might be deemed a sec that bend 
-prove t e an inner series of Edere scales, mun to ia whick ie 


Drtssutad 1 in the ach as one of the palez of the' receptacle. 


" v8. IVA. tae ; Gerin. fr.t. 164; DC. prodr. 5. » 529. 


Fertile and sterile flow ers in the same > heads; the former few (1-5), mar- 
ginal, with a small tubular corolla; the latter-several (7-20, rarely only 2 ot 
3), witha tubular-campanulate or infundibuliform 5-toothed corolla. Scales 

the campanulate or hemispherical involucre 3-5 in a single series, and of- 
ten more or less united, or 6-9 and imbrieated, usually ovate or orbicular 
and somewhat fleshy. Receptacle small, chaffy ; the chaff linear or spatu- 
late. Anthers sometimes with a mucronate inflexed appendage, distinct or 
arly so. Style in the fertilé flowers deeply 2-cleft ; nches linear or 

-subulate, one of them often imperfect ; in the e pue undivi- 


1, usually with the apex radiate-penicillate. Achellia obovoid, somewhat 
ruber adit wholly destitute of pappus; the sterile flowers with rudimen- 
tary ovaries.—Her Whcpotts or shrubby commonly maritime (hern 
plants. Leaves opposite saute upper alternate, often thick or fleshy, 1-3- 

. Heads solitary or ternate in the axils of t he upperdeaves, or of fo- 


: ope uci ae or spicate raéemes, deflexed. Corolla green- 
s c HE OX 
E 
* * 5 " 


y 


k 


Ying! 


i " we ; s " LI 
Doha s "e; | COMPOSITE. E Ty 
8 1. Involuere Es -flowered, composed of 3-5 distinct and nearly 1-seriate, 
le e y united scales. " LÀ 


1. I. ciliata (Willd.) : ‘annual, hirsute or m reed d OPPO, 
site, on gamer hispid or ciliate petioles, ovate, sely an 
regularly serrate-toothed, scabrous above, softly Pahsicnt. or r slightly canes- 

* cent beneath; Eee iat ones ovate-lanceolate ; spikes dense, elongated, 

»paniculate; the conspicuous lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate bracts and the 

^ (3-4, distinct) roundish unequal scales of this involucre, hispidly Rebus fer- 

tile floxere mostly 3 ; chaff of the receptacle came orm.— ww spec. c. 9. 
ursh, fl. 2. p. 580; DC. l c. l.annua, Michz.! fl. 2. p. 


not of Es. Arosa 2 lva) Pitcheri, Torr. ! "mss. (in he rb. "Hook.) ; 
| Wed compan. t : p. 
8. bracts Blas iod ich elongated, ciliate only near the base.—Ambro- 
: sia Pitcheri 3., Hook. 
F. Swamps and moist Macs. Pairs and od Missouri! jo 1 Louisiana! Arkan 
.  * sas! and Texas! common Oct feet op coarse end 
weed-like in appearance, with a the habit on an. Abr Leaves 3-4 
na long. Spikes 3-6 inches long, numerous; the band eve id (ind. 
many times longer) than xe deflexed almost ses i“ ae ‘the 
involucro 3, rarely 4 or 5, very obtuse, unequal. flowers 


x m ti when Bos ng; the corolla isa dery rune cate. hele 
ipe penicillate 3 


ed freta ipe. ): shrubby, nearly Bee mach branched pu 
VA da the upper ones alternate, little ko m or lanceol £4 
w pat scabrous, Coail and sharply serrate ; the uppermost, or b: ine- 


d ]-globose, somewhat pe 
rin pairs in the axils of the. bracteal leaves, forming foliaceous paniculate 


x rae emes ; scales of the involu cre 5, orbicular, Kew €— ferti e flow- 
cha —Lin - 


ers 5; chaff of di seeeptacle linear-filiform i hy 
spec. 9. «p. 9893 Watt. ! Car. p. 3321 Los: ‘ll. t 6. f.2 If. 

F p.184; ween c ; Pursh! fl 9. p. 580; Ell. x 2. pu; "Riad. Jt. 

ed. 2 


DC! 
-CO eed dide shores of large rivers near the ocean, ? Massachu- 
setts! to Florida! and Louisiana ; common. Sb aguas a ripe 3-8 feet 
i h 


high; (A Ln annually dying down to r the ground in the Northern ` 

States. Lea a grex hue, sometimes ternate. Heads recurved, 

greenish. Corolla 1 e fertile flow very s aall, 2-5 toothed. pieta 
pecies,— Mar. arsh 


| when young ated pi. resinous db as in io 
ue 


sx I axillaris (Pursh): much branched from the somewhat ligneous 
E. covered with minute appressed hairs or nearly glabrous ; leaves alter- 
anc 


base, sessile; 


* P- 743; a. T 185; Hook. ! fl. Bor-Am. 1. p. 309, t. 106. 
axill INutt.! in trans. rues il. soc. a ser) 7 p. 

: . ee aap sa xu il "i bs e qoe Nuttall! Mr. 

bm pus "he Oregon from the 


Sr 


the 
rved ‘pedicels; i scales 
: T 


4 


es s W TI 
268 COMPOSITAE. ~ E @. 


» irs of Glau ariima; | Leaves about an inch long, varying] Sele ^ - 
o half an s eadth, pale; the close strigose pu e (traces of . 
& wi are : t A visible with a lens) scarcely perceptible to the 
naked e pt on the margins. The invo olucral scales 
“nearly or quite CEU (I. axillaris, Nuit. l. c. exeladin ; 
Hooker) $ sometimes variably united, e: described ànd figu 
when it is the I. flj , Nútte lac. „But Mr. Nicollet’s specimens from the * 
Missouri (in whic FE are as Pien ly_3-nerved and hairy as in any * 
state of the species) have t "scales in some CENE united to the — 
_ while more commonly they are nearly distinc 


T. nein ala (Nutt.) : stem VEA E. virgately branched ; 
heals very small, nearly sessile in the axils of the n arrowly linear and fles shy 
ssile entire alternate eaves, nodding ; Ed of the involucre 4-5, distinct; - 
donis about 6, th ree of them pistillate.— Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. |. c. r 
Florida, Dr. Baldwin!—Leaves about half an inch long "s i c a we 
wide: the capitula hot larger than an n pin’s head. Nut ac s DA: 


* § 2. Scales of the many-flowered involucre 6-9, imbricated in 9-4 series. © 
5. I. imbricata (Walt.). : perennial, herbaceous o or neart, y so, mostl 
= branches UR g; leaves commonly alternate, fleshy, pet Fer 4 
ien iiti tapering to the base, edes obscurely 3-nerved, entire or den- 
hte ate; heads so press or in pairs in Es axils of the upper leaves, on i 
short Deitel, forming foliaceous spikes ot racemes ; exterior scales of the 
: involucre orbicular, fles jS w ith harrow scarious margin; the interior ob- 
=a" ovate, the scarious marzin lacerate-denti ; fertile flowers d € of 
= the el eptacle atu mnflt.— Walt. ! Cone 


3 Bll. Leeks 2. 4 
Dc. 4 T js 


odr. 
wl CES E le ae N. Camb Florida! and Louisi anat Also Key > 
Ribs: iens ipa oad July-Oct.—Plant 1-2 feet high, suffrutescent at the 
out an inc (a em orolla of the fertile flowers very small 
or irregularly cleft. Fertilé style divided n ed or quite 
Ciis linear, rather obtuse, o e of them ager zabor- 


Ste rile S. d. 
me by tho fertile branches ae ; of the barren ones cuneate- nus | ser- 
LI RA the plgpt h has an Pirremeli. strong odor & honey." MM. A. 
x 


§ 3. Seas turbinate, composed of 3 scales united nearly to the de ee 
3-6-flowered, the fertile flowers solitary.—Monach hæna. g 


: ngustifolia TN — o esti : stem erect or de- 
: e die at the base, m nched; leaves: saei — jar apr 
"dm nerved, ring = bs e or somewh a de = 

: m subse rae Jele exed, forming 


form, minute Nut. ! t T 
lo ed. 

ven Wiem Louisiana, Dr. 
Le teemorth Rug. —Sept. amid 1-3 
be and soniew vhat c canesc Vi 


es lo and 1-3 line idet 
Ost sei aceous, erra vel 
oon 


: 
Ez. 
Iwi LA «COMPOSITA. * 289 


ni short, glabrous, not thickened at the summit. o» somewhat 
mpre ssed. "x P ; " t 


79. PIGROTHAMNUS. Nutt. in trans. Ang. phil. soc. (n. ^b p. A17- 


Fertile 8 sterile flowers in the same holds; the former 3-57] arginal, 
with a very small obliquely truncate and obscurely 2-3-toothed corolla ; the 
latter about 10, with an infundibuliform 5- toothed corolla, inflated at the sum- 
mit. Scales of the depressed- -hemispherical involucre ‘about 5, orbicular, 
distinct. Receptacle flat, naked. Sterile flowers destitute of ovaries; the 


7 


+ 


abortive style entire, with a radiate-penicillate summit. Style in the fertile 
ote flowers | deeply 2-cleft; the branches subulate-linear, glabrous. Achenia 
d obovoid-oblong, terete, entirely clothed, as well as their uud and the 
tube of thesterile corolla, with very long and tortuous woolly hairs.—A low 
rigid suffruticose plant, with the habit of Artemisia, inest FER We sa 
E much branched ; the. branches spinesc scent. Leaves small, sje. / or 
“crowded, petioled, pedately or 2-ternately divided. Aa i ci in short 
and somewhat loose racemes or spikes; the rachis p t and spinescent. 
J Flowers pale yellow. 


P. desertorum (Nutt. ! 1. c.) a be TA 


Arid deserts in the Rocky Mountains, towards Is th ¡north sourc 
Platte, Nuttall P Plan bier vo the taste f- whence the name), 4-1 
hi — Nuttall ires ly refer pd Et le s. next to Clibadium : but 
the eads a accord , except in the naked rece dod 
cle, = the woolly hairs of : e v achenia nd corolla. 


hes 


Divas" A mew SIEE, s —Fertile and sterile Dm in different 
headson the same individual; the former (1-4) often apetalous ; the latter 
tubu ar Scales of the i involucre in the cae heads’ — into an pe or | 
oblong persistent cov rin ing 


€ ge including J HMrvvsuu 
often prickly or spinose. 'appus s none. Anthe rs approximate, but OA 
or my slightly nde filaments inserted at the base of 2 


- "Ebo. AMBROSIA. Tourn. ; Linn; er^ fet 164; Schkuhr, handb. t. 
292 ; DC. pr 5. p. 524. 


Sterile * occupying the upp pi p pEr fertile at the base of the ra- 
: 3 or spikes, or in the axils of the upper - . Sree de ^ * 
> Ha attish, Pun. , or séimewhat iios. PREE, $i 
: anie maai naked, or usually w 
-infundibuliform or turbinate,  5-toothed. 


 Anthers tipped with a Moos pero inflexéd appe pendage. 
none or rudimentary : abortive style included, minutely fimbriate or radiate- 
. Penicillate at the summit. £ Fr. Involucre globose-ovoid, oblong, 
or tur losed, ly ner d near the summit with ifs ber 


mg x. $1837 ; “i 


das m7 2 " Li 


dirum, 


We cid ES " F d 
* - x 


i. 4 2 ; m 
aw © Š, COMPOSITE. Amprosia. 
à cles or horns ii isle series, 1-flowered. Corolla none. Stamens none. 
" Branches of th sty le filiform, elongated. Achenium ovoid or obovoid.— is 
Herbaceous or y suffrutescent weed- -like plants (chiefly American), with 


opposite or alternate mostly lobed leaves. Branches: terminating in racemes 
Sd or spikes, which are simple and. sterile above. Sterile heads ebracteate. 
a Fertile heads clustered at thé-bas For the sterile spikes and bracteate, or ses- - 
es in the axils of the upper pe Corolla whitish. vB * 
ing, De Candollg ie. cae E Franseria from Ambrosia by the cha ff 


y re- 
sepace ri the sterile flowers, the presence of an abortive style, and the echinate fer- 
tile involuere as in Xanthium, which petes in Franseria proper ($ X iopsis 
DC.)1 ^x o be 2-4-celled: but that genus must depend upon the latter characters 
alone (at least so far as the section Ce na is concerned, of which only we ha 
s èn ens); forall the species ¢ b we | have a sterile 
style, and t A. trifid artemisiæfolia exhibit the same chaffy receptacle * 
* nseria.. In the xican ticosa var. canescens, Ben Hartw., the : 
x z scales are conspicuously dilated at the summit one appears to have re- 


No 
rked the setiform inflexed appendage of the anthers i in ee viec —A. bidentata, 
Michx. might perhaps be property ra p the 


§ 1. Sterile heads more or less peli bh; the involucre regular, with the 
margin crenate or nearly entire: fruit (fertile involucre) subglobose or obo- 
void.—Evamprosia. — se 

* Involucre of the. ‘sterile heads 3-ribbed : pcoobinde naked: fertile heads glomerate at 
the base of the sterile spici ne ; ihg clusters cita fnot: leaves op- 

posite, undivided or palmatety T 
E 
1. A. trifida a (Linn): stem tall "A stout, hairy, rough ; leaves scabrou 
an d hairy, deeply 3-lobed; the lobes oval- visit acuminate, eine 
the lower leaves often 5-lobed ;' petiole es narro ciliate; racemes 


narrowly winged, 
n Doc fruit M rtile sot i d tarbinatessbovoid, “with a short 
: ed s a 


e illi 
cles.—L iamen aes 2. ai 987; Michz.! fi. 2 p. 183 ; Wlld.! specs 4+ P» 
WR. 3:5; Pursh, fl. 2. p881; Ell E sk. 9. p. 476; DO.? prodr. 5. p. 527 5 

T a arlin, Cups p.409; Hooks fl Bor.-Am. 2. p. 26.. A. Virginian na &c., 


: B. ih 2 foras AA ves rate or oval-oblong, acuminate, someti mes the up- 
am and, often 1 the lower ones 3-lobed.—A. integrifolia, Muhl. in. W illd. ! j 
; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 580 ; C. lc 
OW * grounds and along streams, Canada] ` Georgia ! and west to Lovie 
E^ rkansas! Aug.-Sept.—(1) Sterm 4-sided, 4-9 feet high (some-. 
umen] according to Dr. kin), branching above, Leaves 


aa e. i; cruel of the ey s heads with Mon z dark purple radiate ribs, 
Rn oak they side farthest from the axis of the aceme. Corolla g er 


hite. -campanulate, Eon Mera atthe base. Fruit 4 
a B long.— may ot unsightly ple re. 


lias fertile 
emes de in the = es pue P 
pinnatel: y cleft or parted, al- 


j a A TWIN petioled, ae thick, bipinnatifid, me you 


^. (California, ex 


d P + 


LI 


-ANPROSIA. — , COMPOSITH: — E NX 


hirsute-tomen 
e on both sides; spikes few, the terminal one 1 ongest; receptacle of 
sis neis are chay 3 fruit d» ertile doses a obovoid, villous when 
young, unarm C.! prodr. 5. p. 525. 
Sea-shore, Key! Wes Mr. a Mr. Blodgett !—Whole plant some- 
what hirsute-canescent, 12-15 inche b be leaves bipinnatifid,; the 


ering stems erect or ascending, itr Maus at the en yu leaves rid 


s high. 
* ultimate s gn nen ee disses the uppermost oce woes ternate, often sim apiy a 


pinna the segments linear, entire I b Fertile involucre ~ 
with aoi: 4 obscure inflexec teeth near An summ 4 
3. A. ar. VY MAR A (Linn.): annual; stem sparsely or rather de sely 
e or pubesc s panieulately branched ; leaves bipinnatifid, ive d 
ose-pubescent, s imos st A ora s above, paler and frequently somewhat 

Sis escent beneath ; the prennon simply pinnatifid; the lower opposite ; 

ate, ; acle o 


r bow: 
Doe flowers naked ; fertile heads solitary o or glomerate along cad lower part 
of the racemes and bracteate, or in the axils of the ee leaves; fruit ob- 
ovoid or subglobose, ooy p rm armed with € 6 short ae 2 
spines or cath: — Linn spec. 2. p. ; Lam. ill. .1; Wil 
spec. 4. p. 376; Ell. Sk 2. p- 437 DG C. prodr 5. eng dide. A. elation 
Linn. ! l. c.; Willd. ! Les eo f 9. p. 581; Eli. l.c.; Bigel. 
Bost. ed. 2. p. 343 ; Hook.! fl. Bor.- i p pose Ths Sl. Cesi: Spe 
479; DC.! i.c. A. abs ynthifolia, licha. 

B. cau line lea: aves 1-2-pinnatifid ; those 5j the v? dun nearly s aree the 
uppermost lanceolate, pe or somewhat lobed at the bas ge a 
phylla, Muhl. » Willd. ! spec. 4. p. 378; Pursh, l.c. z T 
^Y. fertile heads glomerate in nde anly of the leaves and o d aon ort axillary 
branchlets or spikes, a and. mo rece or r paniculate ; the sterile 
aen es very short. 

ô. less laicos: fruit e. jeter smaller) with the spines orte 
very short or obsolete.—A. paniculata, Michz.! 2. p. illd. 
l. c.; Ells 1. c.; C Le ; Hook. lec. partly ? Iva monophylla, Walt. ] 


Car. p. 232. 


and pastures, roadsides, and waste ace Canaga ! ! to Florida! 

a troublesome weed in cultivated grounds. 
rn. bot. pe Jul Sep —Stem 1-3 or 4 
d; the; 


Dry fields 
Louisiana ! d Texas ! often 


e L 


nam 
e io Hoge 
onopifolia : annu ual? canescent- strigose, at length much hanke, 


. As co 
E m ied rigid; the u[ lanceolate«or oblong-lanceolate, sessile ; 


deeply and somewhat remotel mn or incised; the ten opposite and 
somewhat bipinnatifid, on gined pe i 
Spicate racemes , the erect shally ^: heads so r some 
^ veg ed at the base of the steri e axils. of "the upper leaves; h 
foisted, hairy.—A. hispida, 
6, E a of Pursh. . 
| to Devil's Lake, Mr.» Nicollet D 
-Sept.—Stem erect, 1-5 - high, often 
with very closely PT hairs, both sides 
p sprinkled with Suec dpt globules; th «e 
segments rather ^ ant, ading, oblong or lanceolate. Steril mes or 
Spikes p ali TCI. = preceding; the eer 


=g 
c4 5 
-— 


a 


$ 


P 


: 


*ogo € C COMPOSITE. Amprosta. £ 


larger: involucre r hispid. Chaff of the at sag filiform. Mature 
fruit twice as large artemisiefolia, pubescent towards ies summit, 
obscurely Sink gala es "ibi bits, entirely destitute of Dui or horn 
- longistylis (Nutt.): annual, scabrous; stem mE x poa 
. leaves pinnatifid ; the segments oblong-linear; bracts entire ; ferti e flower 
- axillary, conglomerate, with exceedingly long styles; fruit cornute, spiny g 
the summit; sterile flowers about 30, in a slightly toothed involucre; the 
* vai gy Pasa tae paleaceous; cusps of the anthers filiform. Nutt. ! in 
il. soc. l. c. p. 
» ocky . Mountains: allied to Franseria, Nuttall !—Plant irga T 
§ 2. Sterile heads closely aeia densely aggregated ina cylindrical sessile 
spike terminating” the or branches: the involi tur binate, truncate, 
_ the inner margin ues into a long and conspicuous" lanceolate, hispid, 
: ~ decurved. or cucullate tooth or RAM: receptacle chaffy: fruit (fertile — 
“involucre) oblong, 4-angled and somewhat prismatic, solitary y or clustered in 
the axils of the lanceolate closely sessile 1-nerved leaves ue dept cies 


. A. bidentata (Michx. ): annual ; stem hirsute with R. ^ ER the 
la simple; leaves very numerous, mostly alterfiate, hirsute or hi spid, 
partly clasping, commonly with a short spreading lobe or riva eed on each 
side near the base, entire above, or rarely remotely serrate, acute; sterile 
spike squarrose with the recurved very hispid appendage of the ` Etetucteis 
D 


"d 
B 
z 
d 
9. 
pai 
— 
m 
S 
eo 
= 
n 
Ó 
hs ` 
[s] 
=| 
3 
oy 
t 
pr 
[e] 
B 
wm 
£5 
n 
B 
£u 
lem 
o 
Ee 
T 


Piar 
Stem eet high. Leaves 1-2 inches lon ng. Serio pede very dense ; 
the appendages of the involucres, which are twice or thrice the length of the 
involi itsel i ra tile heads nume 


ec 

minutely ubescent, when mature about 4 lines long, including the rigid 

RP oi pna horn oF nim: Achenium conformed to the cavity of the 
ucre. 


EV 


TOM HT 


ful Species T 


E 

4 Ey. A. cat oen): canescent-hispid throughout ; ace bipinnatifid, 
pe vsu, incised; racemes terminal, somewhat paniculate. Pursh, fl. 

Supp 
South Carolina, "Pag AS det ue wem E foot high: flowers 
ES "s n A. trifida. Pursh. 

é 

losa (Nutt.): perennial; stem low; o px the . 
lower sors white e ren ntose; spikes solitary. Nutt. gen. 2. p. 186. f 
Upper ; 1-2 feet t high. Nuttall. 


S 
o 


ce 81. FRANSERIA,- Cas. i ic. da t. 200; Willd. hort. Berol. t. 4 DC. 


Pe 
‘ * Sterile heads occupying the upper portion, the fertile the base of the ra- wp 


cemes or spikes. SrExrLE Fr. Involucre hemispherical, composed of 
2-12 united scales, 15-20-flowered. Receptacle“flattish, chaffy; the chaff 
uliform, 4-5-toothed. Anthers tipped with a mu- 

ppendage. _ Ovary ı ortive siyle included, 4 


;* 


sy B AT » 
OS enserra. COMPOSIT A. | 293 


radiate-penicillate at the summit. FERTILE Fr. Involucre ovoid or oblong, 
closed, covered with uncinate or spinescent prickles (composed therefore of 
numerous pluriseriate united scales, each tipped with a prickle), 1-4-celled, 

with asingle flower in each. Corolla none, or a radiment appressed to the 
Stamens none. Branches of the style filiform, obtuse at 


ec 
Ead 
e 
[1] 
roy 
inl 
paan 
© 


the summit. Achenia oblong.—Herbaceous or suffrutescent (American) ib 
plants, with alternate coarsely toothed or lobed, or 1-2-pinnately- parted 
leaves; the fertile heads somewhat aggregated at the base of the sterile sae T 
or racemes; the evolution of the latter mey centripetal ! Sterile heads 
^ wn 


R^ * Mu i, * d 


$ y Ferdlé wollte Qeelled) armed with qu MAN. Auer DC. 
^ > + Perennial or suffruticose. Sli 


-~ 1. F. Chamissonis (Less.) : hi inis -canescent ; stems détibnbeni stout ; 
R ; leaves roundish-elliptical, crenate-toothed, M arrowed into a long 
petiole; involucre of the d usely spicate sterile hea 0-12: oothed, hirsutes 
i dg o rate and 


. Chamissonis a. malviefolia, Less. in Linnea, 5. p. 507 ; 

B. cuneifolia: leaves oval or elliptical, taperin ud i -nerved 
base into a long peuso] the upper often po toothe d Es ido neifolia, + 

* Nutt. ! in i ans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7 

Coast of California, Chamisso. : p. Mo ath of ^: ‘Oregon, Nuttall '—Stem 
(ligneous at the base, Less. ; succulent t, Nutt.) - 1-2 feet long. oly ties 
marks that one of hi divid " 
and in Nuttall's specie they are sometimes incised ; so that the | following * 
uu as it appear s, may not be distinct.. 


tfid Qt): herbaceous ; ; stems decumbent, ihk 


i fruc rt an -Nutt. ! : 
- Chamissonis 9. d sva cp ess. |. c. 7 IO. ! Lc. Sa crease 
k. fl. -Am. , as to spec. from N. W. Coast? (but r spe 
cimen has no flowers. 
; Jie of California,very , common, Chamisso, eue Nuttall? Koik, 
Scouler ! va 


< 3. F. ila (N tte! l c. Ay y-canescen yw. on long peti tioles 
M aap aids the im ate të segments near-oblong, crowded sterile involücres 


thed, a 
* : "Scl Diode, | California, call /—Plant 4-6 inches QUEE Spike not em 
Serted beyond the leaves. We have not seen the fru 


T Nutt.! l.c.): root creeping; leaves itereupely bipin- 
gern e dues Hex osely canescent-toment ose benea' th; a 
_ Subovate, acute, confluent on the wide rachis; stem ave "with the later 

br nches decumbent ; sterile involucres about 5-6-toothed. Nutt. > ae 

.. Rocky Mountains near ‘of the West. A very remarkable 

Lu ces h bescent. Leaves 

~ »8ud distinct specie ovn out a span anes m e^ tly pu fruit’ 

o Cwhh' arte tline, putr 6 inches lo EU e flowers few: fruit 
1 Es ae i i ave not seen = fully voie y flowers, nor the — | 
y ; A 3 


- SA , " a. - E. a 
x LI | 
. P 4 * o .- ¥ i á A d» ^s 
S» T Us COMPOSIT E. 2 FRANSEBM. D 
Ea AR E ; E j A 
LJ S EM Ai EE Lo x 
(ue t * Annual. (Ambrosidium, Nutt.) 
rd hii v 
$ Het Q (Nut.)- : much branched, T e a ; stem scabrous and 
more or hirsute ; leaves bipinnatifid, with few oblong or somewhat de 
segments, strigose-canescent; race Notting sterile involuc 


cleft, ge lowered ; E Mr hetiferous involucre coyered wit we or or more) ^ 
long ang g or flattis h spreading spines.—F. Hookeriana & F. montana, 
dS Nu it. ! l. c. mbrosia o Ho om ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 309. " 
Saskatchaw st the Oregon River, Douglas ! fenem and near the 
^ sources of the o Colorado. of the West, Nuttall |/ —Fertile portion of the racemes 
.. often as long rile, frequently leafy at t ug ehe and partly com- 
E pied Sterile! a cA ga liform duse 
He à sf ^ en. 
.. 89. XANTHIUM.. Tourn. inst. t t. 252; sri ; -— fret. 1645 2 
s Schlaht, handb. t. 291 ; €. Ay 4 
lonterate-spicate ; ‘the spikes sterile'at "^ des Shna Fu. 
numerous it ebplobose heads ; ; the scales of the involucre distinct, in a sin- 
series. Receptacle oblong or cylindraceous, ‘chaffy. tamens inserted . 
a i base of eg short. aud dilated 5- toothed and somewhat hairy corolla?» 
anthers distinct, but connivent. Style abortive, undivided. F ERTILE Fu, two, 
enclosed in a 2-celled uc Or oblong “eoriace eous doka” involucre, w ich i 
a -clothed with hooked prickles and terminated, by Tor 2 stout eaks. r 
filiform. Stamens none. Branches of the style linear-flifom. Acheni 
solitary i in each cell of the involucre, oblong, flat.—C oarse annual peto * 
: with kom ae and alternate, petioled, lobed g Me leave Se 
suh 


Buordate, Lis inéised, or toothed, with no spines at thetr bap 
ous involucre with 2 beaks.— Euxanthium, DU. » 


x 


+ 


Pn i 


ISX. Pe. S m (Linn. y ictiferoüs involucre oval, oaa pae 
= cent; the beaks straight (appressed or utes pis 3-5-lobed incise- 
~ ataw Ty-toothed ; the lobes gem os c. (ed. 9 1400 ; Fl. Dan. 

ec Lam. ill. t. 765, f-1 ; nal. bot. t. 2544 ; Dc. ! gis oF 


d B. D HER involucre ; pobeiesct and 
ue bes eas, straight or sli rved ; EOS su 
majus C nadense, Herm p.651. X. e us. 
ws Moris. hist, 3. p. 604. sect. 15. p 2, 2, 23 "X. Canadense 

2? Hook. & Arn. A Tages Mg, . medi 
š E t. 3217 ? excl. . Americ , Walt. Car. p. 231? 
. ,carpon. f. bait, DC AER X. strumar m, m 

Ell. sk. 2. p. 479? T 


around barnyards, &c., apparentl 
Blade Pit fruit a little s 
Fields, &c., Cm 


E WS T "C ^ * * - u^ 
D oe dl — 2 AK M. “= 
ae m ». f 5 z : ; ; © 3r EP 
i me. E COMPOSIT£. : SES S... 
N im ' À 
* more or less incurved beaks ; ; stem and vage weis stag eti goods spotted ; 
leaves seabrous, broadly subcordate, obtuse, i arly | tien toothed, ob- 


scurely lobed.—Murr. comm. Galt. 6 (17 rs P id t4 (ods ure) ; 
Willd. spec. 4. p. 374. X. maculatum, gr E y p. 151. 
. > X-orientale, Muhl. cat. p. 89; Nutt. gen. 2 in" 3 s pl. New 
"s York, p. 73; not of Linn. sos esci “DC. I — .5. p. 523, in 


bot. p. 910 
B. prickles of the oval-oblong fructiferous involucre stouter and less diae 
1 ed ; leaves incisely lobed. ` 
aste places near salt water, Massachusetts £ and New York ! 
T: 


feet high. Mature fruit ‘about an inch and a quarter iene M three- 
- fourths to nearly an inch broad, including the slender but rigid recurv 
ji p spreading prickieiiiith which it is very densely invested, and which, as well . 
as the bea ks. are elothed with rigid Busy hairs. This i S deny e different 
DC., 


fro om the X. nacrocarpon, which has an oblong frui ry stout, 
^ — suberect and scattered prickles. Murray's plant was raise seeds col- 
“lected at New York by Wangenheim. We have never = it e a vs 
tance from the se t, except the specimens of | which a 
ever, est a region which abounds in salt marshes These Ai Aona á 
^ «X. macrocarpon, and may prove to belong to ‘that species ; but they are ap- 
parehily i ina stunted state. - 
3449 on onved into the P furnished with spines — base: 
d "i eee dnvolucre with a Single beakt.—Acanthoxanthium, 5 
m (Linn.) : spines at the base of the leaves 3-parted, sl id 
; branched ; „leav es ovate-lanceolate, cuneate at the base, entire or 
ewhat 3 lobe d, with the middle lobe _prolonged, acuminate, the lower © 
i MIR aa ihe veins of tae canescent; invo lucre, cyl al-oblong, 


Mee an sere bea the Pg rap ae der. yong y sr us 
4797 : 


a jn ! the perfect flowers Often somewhat 


“ite 


gument, not 


fertile, rarely nome. po E & thick outer - 
mpresse 


anda discoid ; e the disk- -flowers ene k 


jA " we : de x " i $ i : 
296 COMPOSITE. XANTHIUM. | 


. B6. Batsamorniza. Rays numerous, Pappus none. ae flat. 
$ 87. Herrorsis. Rays 258 Pappus none. Receptacle coni 
88. Bi gP A Rays 6-9. Pappus none. I of he exterior invo- 
a re 4, oneous united towards the bas | 
i 89. n: EST -12.. Pappus. of numerous distinct, small. mà d rigid scales, ¥ i 
* Exterior involucre of 45 foliaceous scales united below pii 


* 


Div. 9. bin Loi dus sterile. Achenia never obcompressed. 
305 e k 
" i i Y Pappus coroniform, somewhat 2-toothed, or none. 
EA + Receptacle conical.or columnar. 

tag 00. ECHINACEA. Achenia quadrangular. Chaff with a ^ vnnd cusp. 
<>. 91, RupsECKIA. Achenia quadrangular. Chaff navicular or c 

92. Lepacuys. "maple compressed, somewhat He - dE PON Chaff 

trunc 


x 
H 


93. Dnacoris. CN terete. Chaff linear. 
E-- x " + + Receptacle flat or convex. 


94. GYMNOPSI 8. Pippa coroniform. Achenia enclosed in in pap 
95. Mese pee s none. Margins of th nia villous. : 


4 


—-—-— "x 


* E P NES Lew ; 
m CEU * * Paj tiform oi medie j s 


* 


du TS ve price Seppie of 4 squamiellæ and 2 awns. Involucre Mindy im- 


E 9n Hevianta Us, ae appus of 2 chaffy — and often 24 squamelle, caducous. 

i ; Involucre imbricated. Achenia wingless å 

: LU Pappu us Ideerate-toothed or damned at the — Achenia 

slightly winged or margined. : 
E Actrxostents, Ag of 2 persistent awns. - Achenia acs 


st Dib. 3: Contorsivex. TAE sterile. Achenia obcompressed, not rostrate. Awns 
not cca d hispid. 


300. Acanista. Achenia villous. fipa of 2 long chaffy aien us a 
. Cor REOPSIS,. Achenia mostly emos ; ^ fs 


l^ ed tec sedi Ache enia either cbeompressed or mee 
"Awns retrorsely hispid. 
. ae 108. Co SMos, Achenia rostrate. A wns deciduous. Chaff slen deri 2€ r 
ka WS Cosmica Achenia not rostrate. Awns persi rsistent, | Chaff sh ort and ob- . 
[COE E 3 Disk-corolla a deeply cleft. 
3 “A 104, Broess Acheria. rostrate or erostrate. an s point pem F 


“3 


i ; | AE 
e * die. 5 8 Veni diy tle, AA Achenia mostly compressed eros 
: è res wi exterior — 


4 


a 


, MELANTHERA. 


, > s 
COMPOSITE. 297 


* * Achenia, at least those of the disk, compressed. 


107. SPILANTHES. huge. ps CMM Appendages of the style truncate. Rays 
deciduou s, often 
108. Lirocn Ta. Rece ice ike Achenia ms es the angles, and with 
chaffy or es EETA teeth between the 


109, Verzesina. Receptacle flattish. Achenia disc Rays s few or none. 


pose ilia ance. d Receptacle convex, Achenia of the disk 2-awned and winged, 
. f 


7 a Dry soi il, S. Carolina! to onda! and me ae 


ray wingless. Rays nume 
t11. Sanviratia. Receptacle convex. Achenia of the ray 3-sided and 3-awned, ` 
of the disk coropreased, scarcely awned. Rays persistent. 


thera none), ligulate. Achenia never obcompressed (that is, flattened) paral- 
lel with the scales of the involucre or chaff of the receptacle; the exterior 
integument (calyx-tube) thick and firm, often separable from the interior. 
Pappus "Sy or EN frequently toothed or with. one or more rigi 


F 


(COS “ Rohr, in Kiob. nat. hist. selsk. 2. (1792) p. 
E. 213” ;* Cassu in e. phys. 1893, DC. prodr. 5. p. 544. 
ci Melananthera, Michz. d-c. * 


Heads discoid, many-flowered; the flowers all tubular and perfect. Scales m 


of the involucre in a double series, nearly equal. Receptacle convex; the 
persistent chaff partly sheathing the flowers.» s Teeth of the corolla papillose. 
Branches of the style hispid above, ‘acuminate. Achenia short, compressed- 
quadrangular, or sometimes triangular, truncate at the summit. Pappus of 
2-18 rather rigid scabrous caducous bristles or awns.—Perennial herbaceous 
or rarely suffrutescent (American, tropical) scabrous plants, with quadrangu- 
lar branching stems. Leaves opposite, or rarely ternately verticillate, pe- 
, tioled, triplinerved, t toothed or serrate; often 3-lobed. Heads ternate or soli- 


t = cled. Corolla white. Fag black with whitish jor teh *. : 


eee ida papa! oT pili r.5. p. 5 
lobata i ja d E Cass. ome c. 99, LE. 485 "Wee pha 
tata, Michr.! fl, 2. p. 107; Pursh! fi 9. p. 519; Ell. sk. 315. 


Fasc nivea, 8. & y. Linn. us i Eth. t. 49 & 47); Walt. Car. - 


17 à 
E Pasnew asia, F di u Cuba, La 
Sagra, ex DC.) Jul Sept t.—Stem 4-6 often beautifully marbled 
Or spotted. nd van able in form, Nice en ed and deltoid-ovate, 
either er deeply or slightly hastate-3-lobed, or somewhat panduriform, 
times undivided, acute or. Ee Epigyne ous disk or noe rather con- 
ie of t 


e- 


i i E ebd E 
ze I 
i VoL. 11.—38 ! : 


ae ae J A a uf e cci a d + 
E ge * ^ ey E +4 us r 
* È I , AM E i us : M E 


> 
Be siis " " 
ud E p» es e? 
è 


Div. 1. HELIOPSIDEE, DC.—Rays pistillate and fertile (in Melan- ` 


# 


Li 


"e. 2 wp = š > a, : 
298 : COMPOSITE. MELANTHERA. - 


2. M. deltoidea (Michx.) : y leaves Procite, ovate-deltoid, undivided, or 
obscurely angulate- lobed, ca canescent-scabrous; scales of the involucre ovate; 
chat = the receptacle somewhat membranaceous, obtu ucronulate.— 
DL M. urtiezfolia, Cass. OM anthera deltoidea, Micke. l. c. (note.) 
M. Tirai, H. T ^ud K. Bidens nivea, Linn. l. c. (a. excl. syn. Dill.); 
Swartz, obs. p Calea aspera, Jacq. ic. rar. t. 583. 

K "d Florio, Mr. Blodgett '— A common species in the West 


Pat xL a 
` 84. ZINNIA. Linn.; Gaertn. fr. t. 172; Schkuhr, handb. t. 252; DC. 


. Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers pistillate ; those of the disk tubular, 
perfect. Involucre imbricate; the scales roundish or oval, margined. Re- 
ceptacle conical or somewhat cylindrical, covered with oblong conduplicate , 
chaffy scales which envelope the disk-flowers. Rays obovate or oblong, 
coriaceous, reticulated, persistent, continuous with the summit of the acheni- 
um, or rarely somewhat articulated. Lobes of the corolla of the disk densely 
velvety-villous at the summit with colored hairs. Branches of the style in 
the disk-flowers terminated by a hairy somewhat capitate cone. Achenia* 
g nearly wingless ; those of the ray somewhat 3-sided, mostly destitute of pap- 
" pus; of the disk compressed or flat, 1~2-awned or toothed, rarely naked.— 
Annual (American) herbs, with opposite mostly sessile entire leaves. Heads 
solitary terminating the branches, showy, persistent. Rays purple, orange, 
^: searlet, or greenish-white. 


~- 1. Z. multiflora (Linn. ) : stem erect, ching, somewhat hirsute ; — 
scarcely somewhat petioled DE closely Xile] ovate-lanceolate ; peduncles 
longer than the leaves; the apex PY of the central one) hollow pem 
infla ted or obconical, striate; scales of the campanulate involucre appressed ; 


les obovat | 
achenia of p X with a single aw a. DC. — Linn. 2) 2. p. 1200; " 
d P. 


buisana. W illdenow. Carolina, Bosc! Alabama, Dr. Gat ! Key West, 
- Mr. Blodgett! Texas, Drummond! Sept.—This is doubtless a native plac 
at least in some of the above-cited hae o ~The specimens accord, with. 
the cultivated plant, in which also the leaves are often closely sessile, and 
the species is probably: as De Cando lle suspects, not sufficiently distinct" 
ue ora, L?n he rays are purplish in all our po 

while in that of Bosc (in eh DC.) they appear to have been ye ellow 


nis Z. ous eave a utt.) : perennial ? dwarf; ; stem much branched from 


fimbrates ser.) 7. " 348. . 
Rocky FU aus Dr. Jam BU very distinct and m adi 


d * Stem somewhat hirsute, scarcely more than 5 inches high. Leaves about 


an inch long, 2-3 lines. dis Rays three-fourths. of an a, wide, appearing. 
cordate at the base : nati orange. Nutt. —The plant is minutely 
leaves-are impressed-punc - 


4 


s 


D 


© 


be 
its 


— 


^ 


A 


* E xi ğ : eae 2? 


"56 
Wrvernta. COMMA: 299 


n" 
85. WYETHIA. Nutt. in jour. acad. Philad. po 7 E 5, (1834), & in 


trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c. (n. ser.) 7. p 
* Alarconia, DC, 1836. 

Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers numerous, pistillate, and some- 
times with sterile filaments. Scales of the campanulate involucre loosely 
and irregularly we fis in 2 or 3 series, somewhat equal, foliaceous, 
as long as the disk; the innermost smaller an resembling the chaff. - 
ceptacle ‘Slightly convex ; the chaff lanceolate, carinate, acute, as long as" 


the flowers and partly embracing them. Rays large. ` Corolla of the disk 


cylindrical, elongated, with a short proper tube, 5-toothed ; the teeth nearly 
glabrous. Branches of the style in the ray-flowers glabrous; in the disk 


. elongated, linear-filiform, revolute, strongly hispid, nearly smooth on the 


B 


. with alternate mostly entire veiny leaves, and lerata solitary on owers — 
E 


back. Achenia stout, elongated, 4—5-angled, prismatic, terminated with a 
rigid coroniform or calyciform 5-10-toothed or laciniate pappus, one or more 
of the teeth usually prolonged into a rigid persistent awn. —Perennial herbs - 
(natives of Oregon and California), with somewhat the habit of Helianthus 
or Inula Helenium, furnished with long tap-roots, usually simple stems, 


Fd the ray and disk yellow. 
d 


^* Scales of the involucre linear-lanceolate, mumerous, more or less hirsute, as well as 


stem and leaves : rays 12-20. 


we Kliniese (Nutt.) : dwarf; stem ei hairy at the ami, 
bearing a bsi e he y — lanceolate, sentire mewhat amicos with 
scabrous margins ring into à pe etiole ; desti scales of the involucre 


inde Mie iil térior M cedere pappus short, spe aud opt 5-10- 
toothed, and sometimes with a single slender in jour. acad. 
l. e. t. 5, Sin trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7 Es 
* In the Kamas plains near th Flat-Head Hiver ‘towards the sources of 
“a E 


egon, in the Ore on 
Wyeth! Nuttall !—About a span high. Rays pale yellow. Summit of the 
achenium and the v anale coroni iform pappus minutely pone We 
have not the means of sa ag a selves whether this species suffi- 
ing. 


usta Nutt.) è stem and midrib of the — villon- irse, “ 
earing a single head; cauline leaves Ap" om ne 
tapering to the base, the low ijoled ; the radical lar, ar Tile petal-laneso- 
late, petioled, often sparingly serrate ; scales o f the in ri e, 
rsute, especially on the margins; papp of r ular stout teeth 
(silky-pubescent) and mos 1 to 4 stout a in trans.. Amer. 
hil. soc. l. c. - Alarconia heiesiodes Py dedi * p. "s iy (and therefore 
Tyethia helenioides, Nuit. 
E Prone append ea at oligo ha de elon, ook: £ fe Bor gee 
i i =e merca ongifolius, Hoo 
tapering into slender petiole eli oa en s 


Lh » heu EY pone ipe -— 


on th flu of the Wahlam 
e Ore e confluence 
“Plains of the O ej 8 rud n in low moist soil on T plains of the 


od near the ocean, the plains of the Multnomah, and in 


the Rocky Mountains," Douglas! in herb. Hook. June.—Stem stout, 13-3 


LI 


* = è d " E 
à : s 4 


e 
FS 


7 


Q 
300 COMPOSITÆ. WYeruia. 


feet high, usually naked at the summit. Radical leaves a foot or more in 


length, 1 to 24 inches wide.—In Mr. Nuttall's specimens, we observe traces 
$ 


of the clammy varnish which is so apparent on the leaves of the var. 


* * Scales of the involucre fewer, subspatulate-oblong : stem sometimes branching : rays 
om 12. i 


W.a RERUM. Mt ade stem ee or pubescent above ; leaves spat- 
i eel, or and r dicat spatulate-oblong, entire, nearly 


glabrous when old, rele | at the m ase; the lowest petioled ; scales of the _ 


“involucre foliaceous, hirsute, especially on the margins ; achenium hairy to- 
wards the truncate or obscurely coroniform summit, 1-2 awn 
rpt more of the remaining angles.— Nutt. 7 
nia vnde DC. ! : c. Helianthus longifolius, Hook. 
Arn I bot Bee chey, p. 1 
Cali fornia, D icis! Nuttall !—Stem varying from 8 to 20 
inches in height, with a very large g terminating the stem or branches 
Lower leaves arme more than an inch broad, wider indeed in propor- 
tion S X nid Vieh in the preceding, olien sont Scales of the involu- 
cre a ird of an inc are uncertain whether 
the Aerie, Teias of De addi. is ee upon an awnless state 
of Ay or the preceding species. 


E 
g 
3 
e 
T 
= 
c 
S 


W. amplexicaulis (Nutt.) : ooth 
shining or glutinous; leaves a Bn s elliptical, rather coriaceous, venose ; 
the radical i 


on short petioles, someti mes serrulate ; the lo wer cauline nar- . 


rowed at the base, nearly sessile; the ipee pnus Cm ping ; heads solitary; 
or often two or more from the ii of the upper leaves, on short peduncles; 
scales of d e pui lanceolate-ov s or shee: appres , glabrous; pap- 
I un shut i oothed, one or two of the teeth often prolonged into 
l.c “Belt amplexesis Nutt. ! in jour. acad. Philad. 


e b 
to 2 feet gh. Lower leaves 6-12 inches long, 1-2 wide, ibis obtuse and 
somewhat obovate. Heads smaller than i in Sa preceding; the broad scales © 
the involucre few, barely in a double seri 


86. BALSAMORHIZA. Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 310; ree Heliop- 
sis) ; Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 3 


.. Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers pistillate, in a single series; those | 


_ of the disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the involucre imbricated in 2 to 3 or 


more series; the exterior foliaceous, as long as the disk ; the innermost chaf- 
fy. Receptacle nearly flat; the linear-lanceolate, acute, somewhat 
foliaceous, scarcely embracing the flowers. Corolla of the disk cylindrical, 
elongated, with a short proper tube, 5-toothed ; the teeth sparingly bearded 
externally. Branches of the style in the disk-flowers filiform, very his 
SON Achenia quadrangular, or those of the ray compressed, glabrous, . 
entire destitute of pappus.—Low pubescent or canescent herbs (natives of 

e plains o of See and the Rocky Mountains) ; ; with a thick fusiform dark- 

) , abo ine juice, and chiefly radical leaves ; the- 

s oF scapes p usually solitary Me heads, which. =" 
ianthus.. Ray and disk yellow. 


and glabrous — somewhat . _ 


t 


* 


ve lame COMPOSITE. 301 


The large roots of all the T m cooked upo — » s second section, are em- 
‘ployed by the Indiis for fo t stones, or otherwise, they 
acquire a sweet and rather agreeable taste. N uttal, 


§ 1. Leaves pinnatifid : scapes bearing a single kad 
ookeri (Nutt. ! 1. c.) : silky-pubescent or canescent; leaves with 


. BHi 
a Po outline, nate, a parted ; the segments very numerous, crowd- + 
sind EHE Y toothed or incised, or the lower pinnatifid, andgthe up- 
onflue 


sa scapes several from the same root; scales of the involu- ^ 


, tre narrowly lan eolate, gee, numerous, the ae somewhat spreading. 
sfc Malsaniorhiz a, Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 310. 

s ovate-lan ditio; sinuate- -pinnatifid = ae te.—Heli- 
ge Eon: d vitin thacea, Hook. l. (A state with the seg- 
ments more or less confluent, which 5 x 1 pain “of ye leaves.) 
_ Plains of the Ore gon, com $! siapo —Stem at first 6-8 
inches, in fruit 12-18 inches high, Sr or c ait one or two p atonal or 
3 : r 1 


er's c 
are =- to èqual the stem pa pu h: the lat s the case when the flow ers 
E ; but in fruit the pu is much lo nge 


208 B. h rsuta (Nutt. ! l. c.): somewhat hirsute, not ca nescent; Miis 
with an rub lanc colt circumscription, pinnately divide ; the. divis- 
ions lanceolate-oblong or cuneiform, pinnatifid, often 2-3-parted, with rough 
hirsute-ciliat ate m. argins ; penae dilated and very woolly at the base; scales 
of the involucre broadly lanceolate, entero, Alp closely imbricated in 

or 5 series. & 
Dry plains near the Blue Mountains of Oregon, and in the Grande Ronde 
prairie, Nuttall /—Leaves about a foot lon ng: Scape often entirely naked. 


3. B. i ee (Nutt.! 1. c.): 


a. 


scent-tomentose throughout ; ; 


leaves with. an -oblo ong or r Tajo nci cireumseription, DN pe e * 
; the divisions oval or oblong, entire, or with the lower margin so 
wigt toothed, the uppermost edb acne racked of the wo te imbicate i i 
E^ es; chaff of he receptacle e much p oso ege an d flow 
In e Rec y Mon pei i Nuttall !—Scape nches high bearing a 
very ag ; the rays 12-14, more than an adi long, d eep yellow, 
sometimes Web FACT, filaments as also in the other s species, : 
4. B. macrophylla (Nutt. ! 1. c.) : nearly g labrous; leaves oblong o: rov 
races Led : Es divisioni lanceolate lens. 4 ntire, comers slight y 
bed e base, with somewhat ciliate and scabrous margins 
«Oe Up ; scales e the involucre in about 5 pocos lanceo- i 


ky Mountains, near n rcd of the Colorado of the hp Nuttall ! ! 
—Leaves and stem ed with minute g laudular atoms ; the segments 
of the n 2-3 inches E = ee an inch wide. 


the base, all on long p etioles : scapes bearing 1 to 3 heads: ree x md 
"broad and and flat.—AntoRHIZs, Nutt. pa ndi notof H. B. Sk. ) 


5. B. agilta JLe):c centl tomentose ; radical | leaves dee 
date-hastate or niet p^ ing imide. 5 ewhat 3-nerved at the base; . 
* ^attenuate below: extetior x. ipa of the Ec longer 
er, epresdipa, Tanceolate, densely tomentose ; a 0-24.— 


i * 


# 


$ B 


v* te * [ á EM c 


* 


o . ; ee 
; 302 COMPOSITE. Barsamonmiaa. L 


Bu E ee ei a X = p 564, € ex Á— hu. ; 
: Vian? dn cad. Phi 7. p. 38, t. 4. 
p In the y ky botas v» Flat-Head River, &c., T ve Wyeth? . 
ds —Head large and xen 3 to 4 d in diameter, while the pei stem 

is not more than a s n high. 


T Would + ioio (Nutt.! 1:c.): leaves dames tomentose- -canescent 

the e radical on very long pets oblong, fora hastate, entire, acutish, the 
cauline lanceolate; scales of the tom nvolucre lanceola ate, acuminate, 
Bhilad. D rays abou IIS Pur hds paeis INutt.! in jour a acad. LÀ 


r 


X 
Roc one with the preceding, (Mr. Wyeth !) to which it very i 
Smar; but differs, according to Mr. Nuttall, in having a smaller pes more 
mbiMcated'i involucre, &c. sho -— have takodithie species for the ‘Buph- 
m Imum sagittatum of id except that th at o d states that the ex- 
terior scales of the P uk are Mone rues the 
7. B. deltoidea (Nutt.! l. c.): hirsute-pubescent; radical leaves on vey 
d petioles, deltoid-c ordate, acute, with undulate or erenate margins ; 

* uline 1-3, small, ovate or yan: e; involucre woolly or tomentose at m 
ba ; the scales in about 2 series; the ex —€— Targes, Tinear-lancedlate, 
foliaceous, d nier longer than the disk ; mays 2-20. 

Ore rt VancDuver, Dr. Scouler ! "s in wet open places es diffilhe 

Wahlamet, ‘Nuttall ! June. aes a foot or more in height. Rays about - 


amie} lo ng. ay 


" ; E . 
87. HELIOPSIS. Pers. e 2. p. 473 5, DC. prodr. 5. p. B50, excl. $3. 


Heads many-flowered ; ibis ray-flowers (10 or more) pistillate, in a single 
series; those of the disk hes perfect. Scales of the involucre in 
* — series; the exterior foliaceous somewhat spreading; the interior shorter 
. than the disk. Receptacle Cantal ; the lanceolate or linear chaff somewhat 
embracing the achenia. Branches of the style in the disk-flowers hairy to- ` 
wards the apex, which is obtuse and tipped ea mucronate appendage- 
Achenia glabrous, quadrangular; or i in the ray 3-sided and convex externally. 
Pappus none, or rather an obsolete tr truncate crown. — Perennial (American) 
,J bs, with rather large heads on long peduncles, terminating the stem or 
nches... pese opposite, petioled, triplinerved, serrate. Flowers 


é 
^. yellow. - 4 
a. r. Rays articulated. with the onary and at. inb deciduous: achenia 
3 co DO id AED à ‘ 
sf * hs; Na dép 
nae 1. Lat ew (Pers.) : nearly smooth ae A leaves o »vate-l 
* late or Peng ea what dei at the het ubraptl epe Pe 
into the ag e coarsely s aie LM E 2. p S; Bl sk. 2. p- c. : 
Darlingt. 479; m. ud ; : 
‘ et, E. d rl. e Busbdull m t helianthoides op Ling et hort, es 4 
PES p.99 : Mic ha. . p. i130; L’ Her..s arp. t. A 


o. te i "Büpinum: hindi Linn. ! Ped 9. 9 oe - eyn. i 
v. Rudbeckia opposit tifolia, (Gronov. ) Linn. ! lec. elianthus levis, $ 
ed. Quy ex = syn. Gron nov, Helepta parviflora, H. grandiflora, 


A z > &. 


b. x t * 


Ms Hnrorsrs.. COMPOSITE. 303 


gi dt à ` rper tir gas b M k:! compan. to bot. mag 
grac is, Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. s spi Z 
y. scabra : Mite and oblong-ovate vens scabrous; involucre pubescent 
or somewhat dow mE scabra, Dunal! in mem. mus. 5. p. 56, t. 4; 
Hook. af Do p.3 
Ban’ s of me and in: "uem soil, throughout the United States! p. Lou- 
isiana, Drummond, Dr. Hale! Georgia, Dr. Boykin! Alabama, Dr. Gates! 
fai * ye With the en ad form, ergy: in the Wee tern States from 
Saskatchawan to aa Stem 2—4 feet high; in var. 8. 1-2 feet, and 
‘bearin g ustally a ingle aped Exterior scales o Ha parten extremely 
d E imer scarcely longer than the innermost, and with ned short - 
foliaceous tips; but often more spreading, Mind. entirely b folia and 
even slightly serrate at the apex, as Bos as or r longer than the disk. Be jii 
cle thickened and obconical S the s mmit. ays an inch or more in length, 
bright light yellow.—The o iE Helianthus levis (H. foliis lanceolatis . 
serratis lz vibus, Gronov. Ji. Virg.) is PEOS gpr Tein Hence it 
were to be wished that Pen had taken cific name from some 


: EES 86 
d unite them witlmt the sateen hesitaiiis although the extremes 
appear abundantly different. 


‘ae 
“88. TETRAGONOTHECA. Dill. Elth. p. 378, t. 283; Timi 
552. 


gu prodr. 5. p. 5 


Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers (6-9) pistillate; those of the disk 
© bilar, perfect. Involucre double; the exterior composed of 4 large and 
broad dly ovate foliaceous acuminate scales, united towards the base into a 
4-angled or 4-winged cup, valvate and reduplicate in estivation ; the interior 
of about 8 very small oval-lanceolate scales, resembling the chaff of the Te- 
ceptacle, partly clasping the achenia of the ray. Receptacle convex-conical ; : 
e chaffy Scales merkranaceous, lanceolate, acuminate, nerved. Soro 
hairy at the base ; the ray with a manifest tube ; the ligules large and broad, 
arsely abou t 3- toothed at the apex, many-nerved; of the disk deeply 
ities TES or mostly 15-nerved); the teeth erect, glabrous. Style, in the 
disk-flowers, bulbous at the base (above the annular epigynous disk) the 
branches linear, hispid, tipped with an acuminate appendag ge. Achenia ob-. " 
ovoid, nearly terete, thick, smooth, flat at the summit, destitute of pappus.— m 
A perennial herb, somewhat viscidly hairy, and sprinkled with minute resin- zx 
ous globules. Leaves oppo: 2, coarsely toothed, oval or-ovate-oblong, nar- s - à 
Towed at the base, closely , and often slightly eonnate. Hea ds large, t 
 Bedungulate, terminating the branches. Flower pale yellow. EU 
* 
z. se s E enun "P Willd. a 3. p. . 216; en wo i 
thee, 7 "ig t (of Georg id, E t. 69; Schkuhr, 
EA A T 
Dry sandy nd). Yirgibia ! to gaia cand ee cet ili Made " 
RE x m nos sinc feet. ine terete. ime 


SS 
* * " d ice 4 


à 
= 


304 COMPOSITE. TETRAGONOTHECA. 
pandly and mpa toothed, or with coarse and sharp salient teeth. .Invo- 
lucre, when expanded, two inches or more in diameter. Corolla of the disk 


e , 
s, hairy ex Pc (as also the ms of the ovary); t 


z ! a 
89. HALEA. 


Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers (10-12) pistillate; those of the 

ii disk tubular, perfect. Involucre double ; the exterior of 4 or 5 ovate folia- 

e ceous scales, united below the middle, valvate in éstivation, at length shorter 

— than the disk ; the interior of numerous (about 15) obovate or oval- er 
acuminate erect chaffy scales, more or less imbricated, nearly flat, m 


. merved, similar to the chaff of the large conical receptacles Corolla pri i? 


~ or nearly so; the rays broadly oval, slightly 3- toothed, tapering and involute 
at the base, but not tubular ; of the disk deeply 5-toothed, 10-neryed. Style 

as in Tetragonotheca. Achenia 4-sided, pubescent, „with a broad and flat . 

? summit, crowned with a short pappus, composed of about 20 thick and oval - 
distinct and entire scales.—A tall and stout branching perennial herb, some- 
ae when young, with much the aspect and foliage of Tetra- 
heca. Stem Striate, quadrangular below. Leaves opposite, or rarely 

ately verticillate, rather large, veiny, the margin thickly set with sharp 


unequal salient or laciniate teeth, all uu the rd oval-oblong, : 


into a narrowed base, more. or less c the upper ovate Or 
ovate-oblong, contate-perfoliate. Heads (her Pec on oe peduncles _. 
terminating the stem or ‘Branches. Flowers yellow. = 


y 
o> 4 v 
kal a 
ry: 


H. Ludoviciana. ; 
Dry hody soil, Western Louisiana, Dr. Leavenworth! Dr. cord Texas 
* Driwinmon d! Dr. Leavenworth!  June-Aug.—Stem 9-4 feet high. H 
t an inch in diameter. Exterior involi ver ilis ghtly. ied A tho. 
tion of the seales; which are broadl ovate, obtuse, or scarcel umi- 
; | acti and at length shorte aed Nat elongated iere 
Rays not twice the length of the invola ne 


a 
very short coriaceous proper robe jc Tetragonotheca), 
the elongated throat slightly dilated; the 10 nerves i os t. spohding 
h the sinuses. es, approximate but distinct from the aid to near the sinu 
'e they erse the lobes 


, usu ally smaller gh 
ips s were Soie 


a 


h 


! 


ins: 


^ Hatea. iF COMPOSITE. ^ 305- 


would ctia be referred to the division Galinsogee of the subtribe Hele- 
ies; but its true affinity is eo with the enc subtribe, and par- 


eei d with —" It forms, however, a gg and very re- 
e genus, which we have vasi in honor of on kei its discoverers, — - 
Dr. eiat Hale of Algxaodits, Western Lousiana, a s botanist, who 


has favored us with extensive collections and important bie nie illustra- 
tive of the ecd of thak Te region 


Div. 9. Euneviantuex.—Rays (neutral or imperfectly styliferous) 
sterile, ligulate. Achenia often compressed, but never obcompressed. Pa 


p- 4 
| pus coroniform, toothed, or of 1-4 awns, chaffy scales, or mmt often 


none. (Rudbeckiez & a part of Coreopsidez, DC.) 


90. ECHINACEA. Mench, meth. p. 591; Cass. dict. ; DC. prodr. 5. p. 554. 


Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers much elongated, i in a single series, 
somewhat styliferous but sterile; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Scales 
of the involucre lanceolate, ciliate, often squarrose, imbricated in 3 or more 
series. Receptacle conical; the navicular lanceolate chaff terminated with 
a cartilaginous cusp, exceeding the flowers of the disk. Corolla of the "1 
cylindrieal, with 5 erect teeth ; the proper tube almost none; the stamens * 
therefore inserted at the very base of the corolla. Branches of the style 1 iet . 
minated with a long lanceolate hispid appendage. Achenia of the ray abor- k 
tive ; of the disk 4- sided, obpyramidal, thick. AS a coroniform, unequally 
toothed, marcescent or persistent.—Perennial (N. American & Mexican) 
herbs ; with alternate, or rarely Ra ls 3-5-nerved undivided leaves. 
Stem or branches naked above and terminated by a single large head. Rays 
_ purple; or sometimes nearly white, 9—3-toothed at the apex, at length don: 
` gated and dependent, marcescent or tardily deciduous : disk-flowers p 
T M Sak purple ; Fins pu of cn purp lish. | : 


E 


; of separatin these plants from Rudbe was lake ted by Gro- 
de in cd and recy by Elliott, ein was not | of its establishment by 
-Mench in 1794.— The long and thick blackish roots are very pangent to the taste, 


the country, under the names of Lobelia, Black Sampson, &¢.— The disk in all 2 i 
species is at first- “sneer but peng and die oos = conical in fruit: 
marcescent vary in with age ag 


3 3 a 
1. Sb (Moench) * stem smooth and glabrous, striate ; ae P 
usually scabrous, often serrate; the radical ones ovate, about ; 
Yeiny, on long petioles ; thé cauline ovate-oblong or oyate-lanceolate, ea 

Mri 5n 


, ing into a margined petiole, or the uppermost a almost sessile ; scales 
"er : . in 3-5 series, TO: 1. 6:4 D 


5 : 

. involucre imbrica n serie juarrose.—. Tench, c CLES 
i 9 ot. magz t y Sc k ^ 

la EU Linn spec. 2. ; cuhr, 


i uo te! . p. 907; 1 git. 9; Schkuhr, 
handb. t. 259; Miche‘! fl. 2. p.143; Pursh f 9. p 5723 Null gen. Me 


a p- 178; Ell. sk. 2 “p. 450; Bart-jl. Amer. Sept. 2. t. 64. deni om 


, Americ num, &e., Catesb. Car. 2. t. 59. Helichroa Linneana, elatior. 4 
amena, furcata, &e. R 02 
. 8. stem glabrous or aniy 1 TUM near ee s summit leaves hispid-sca- 
brous, the upper ones sometimes opposite, : 
j JN qon a At T * jiz y A , à 
a Bee am Se E 


* : 5» 


d$ E 
2: M _ 


t ES -4 n 
" 00 a3 x ' s COMPOSITE. a EcnINACEA. 5 


em and leaves eve or PES jibki rays EM. shorter p^ 

: eene —E. serotina, DC. o SA purpurea f. serotina, 
* R. se maion, Set 1 Brit ji. gard. t. 4 ; Lodd, — t. i 

509. R ispida, Hoffm., R. eiin Tiik enum. 2. p. 352, 
3 p : 


: id-scabrous; rays nearly w Sie ks 

t to Genri Alabama ! mostly in the Wosters districts, and 

Ohio! to Louisiana! ð. Ilinois, Dr. S. B. Mead! July-Oct.—Stem 2-5 

feet high. Rays 12-20, 14 to more than M inches dull purple. —The 

- nt pua appears to be persistent, not deciduous a s described by De a: 
'The SIxpu ua Y: 3 on $ distinguish E. sero Mein d is so 


a 


2. E. angustifolia Dc. xe Stem hispid, mostly s le, ied Ed abore 
leaves all lane dien ic Cele) en ien hate or spe, -hispid, cane * 
T ua. dd built. ipe: most tapering into. P o1. alley, aie of the short 
*."yolucre in about 2 series.—E. p allida, Nutt. hil. soc. n : 
ke. D. € (1841). Rudbec kit a pallida, Nut. 1 ie aah Philad. 7. i 
s 12-15, at first - often short, a ait elongated and slender, 
l ying we light: purple pale rose-color. 
. leaves crowded iowandi the base of the short. stout stem, oblong- gts 
ee on uer petioles, strongly ae. hispid ; rays s 20 or more, pale rose 


La 
Ux 
E 
[t] 
Ec 
[7] 
in 
Eg 
© 
3 
d 
oy 
Prd 
= 
SF 
eo 
zu 
A 


4 
EM dein, ; the lowes lanceolate-oblong, t| r BACON lance- 


2 Sans stem often gle brous below; s about 15, dàr . sanguinea, L 
Nut! in trans, 4 mer. Phil. so PO c. (Varies MA the » leaves. almost 
abrous. 
iy Prairies and low barrens, from Bois! a PON to Alabama! Ar- + 
ansas! tabs Louisiana! and Texas! ng Mr. Nic "n 


ads smaller than in the precedir 
lly with shorter c Pw A om 


rubens 
seres cs linear- lane 


pos miN sel 


ww ý L xd 


* / wa E compost. A X. 307- 


jd 


J 


im: 


p |. RUDDECKIA, Ein. (xe ye ers "Fat 172; Cass.¢ ; DC. : 


"He ads s many- flowered; the ray- pei E. ina single series; those 
“of the disk tubular, ge. Scales ot the, inv Be foliaceous, in about 2 


oer” by a very os obtuse cone, llirely with a sible Tarieding 
barbellate appendage. Achenium quadrangular, obpyramidal or prismatic, ` 
p © glabrous, flat at “the summit. Pappus none, or minute and coroniform, 

rarely somewhat conspicuous. alos y perennia al (North Am merican) her 


d 


with alternate leaves, and e and showy heads ; terminating the st 
or branches. Base E ruri usually elongated, see” 
ing or droo he o disk; and the me purple brownish-pur- 


AL 1, Disk conical or MID A pappus v E | 
(fone RopsrckiA proper. (Centrocarpha, Don, pexsly:) j 2 
Z5 DM 2 : 
* Disk dark purplish-brown, dent er. conical Foprendags of the style lan- 
ceolate or broadly subulate i : 


h X = bicolor (Nut 


it): an nual, Hute; i ny simple, naked -— the — 
leaves poni MS sile, obscu inher obtuse ; the lower- 
oled; head ( | 


— Dl zi 
A Ne the re eptacle r: ea rot 
3 pappus bin, Ae lE ij jour. acad. 


~ 


s. Amer. soc. be 
i Western part of the State * New York ! 
40u1s D and Texas or 27 
oug igh. Raye bright yellow, 


tee, ME r 


Ead 


* 


"sog 5 | COMPOSITAE. Bo. Rudd 


1-14 inch long; the disk dark purplish- docs Pappus a minute margin. 
Bypeuiagee of the style lanceolate or linear-subulate. 


(t * Disk dark purple or brown, subglobose or broadly conical : appeidáge of the - 
- very short and obtuse, or oin capilate, 


. t Chaff glabrous and very dark purple at the summit, as well as: the peas, 


. R. fulgida (Ait.): ee ta ah the branches, 
fons ked at the summit; strigose, sparingly denticulate; the 
'di 


: : . A. t. 
54; — iE ie Cest. p. 480; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 558. R. mela, 
Michz.! fl. 2. p. 143... R; ibl. Pers. ; Desf. cat. R. Br Ri Musik 
2. p. 574. 


B- slender; leaves narrowly D RENE or lanceolate; heads small; 
seldom exceeding the disk.—R. gracilis, Nutt. ! gen. 9. t ua (& R. 

spathulata, in herb. acad. Philad.) R. discolor, Ell. sk. 2. (In 

note, instead of ** to the preceding species,” to R. fulgida, dod doubtless 


y- slende ; upper part of the stem and the leaves minutely stri rigose-pu- 
bescent ; du latter spatulate, acute, mostly entire, much attenuate at t 
base, only the lowest somewhat clasping ; involucre shorter than the rays. | 
—R. spathulata, Michx. ! fl. 9. : not of Mies nor of Nutt. gen., ex 
spec. in h uhl.! which eire to raco 

e ter, often simple ; leaves tinea or : lineaz-Iafieeolate, most- 
ly entire, clothed with loosé or Sprit (and at length somewhat deciduous) 
e id hairs. (Pubescence some h tri r: abou 
length of the involucre.—R. discolor, Purs 2. p. 574.—Hairs often 


if. 
slender from a papillose base ; heads large; rays exceeding the inyolucre.— 
= discolor, DC. l. c 
soil, Pounds vania to Georgia ! and oa k ; B.) y. Moun- 
talks of Ciro arolina, Michaux! Lincol nton, N. Mr. Curtis! Ji ( 
smoother dwarfish state of var. a. owing po in n ibid ô. Flori 
da! to Western Louisiana! and Arkans Aug.-Oct.—Stem 1 


A 


high. d. about 12, 2~3-cleft at the apex, bados dicto rei ths love à 


the base in dried specimens often reddish-orange.—Rese 


a 
and rays; but generally dien aisle by the short rays, the 1 


more or less icta sa xe he s t the — with a shorter. hon ; 
nages 


ays di the very short d obrdee appe 
the style, pd. dark abs (instead of dull purplish- brown) di disk. 


4. R. apera (We ender) : stem hirsute or hispid, loosely branched ; the 


[Father 850 pappu f min ^ 
a (1829), 1. p. 30"; Schrad! in herb. DC-1 832; DC.! prodr. 5- p- 
a acd, fac; herb. 5 Sullivant! cat. t Oko p bri d 


cauline sessile, spatulate-oblong COM Feo narrowed towards the - 


3. 
» naked above; po es roughish-hirsute or pubesc cub å 
y r gm 


* 


* 


* * ^ ^. 
à « 
EC 

RUDBECK1A. jia COMPOSITE, 1 309 
the upper leaves p lanceolate closely sessile, with one or two large 
laciniate teeth or lobes on each side near the middle, the uppermost entite ; 
as in the wee n 7 Eeen from the valley of the Susque-  . 
hannah, Pen nia, > Sar dwell! ; or with the upper leaves shorter and 


ne> arais or ips fem all xà the uppermost narrowed at the base or pe- 
"à 


_tiole 


ns of Pennsylvania ! to Ohio, Dr. crises 4 ot Due ^ Mr. 
Le! de it sprin to take the place of R. fulgi uncommon in 
European gardens. Aug. -Oct This is a larger pla ^ cde ian 9r fu "m = 
how y heads SCIES ing the 1 ong naked summit of the branches ; the b 


purple disk conoid-globose in fruit raps Fy of aninch long; the o blo oa É 
. linear rays bright yellow, a nc inch and a half long; the thin 


leaves 3 to 6i nches in le hit e. radical — toothed, and somewhat re- 
'"sembling Tice: of the commou Plant 


5. R. a. (Linn.): hirsute, povisaey ie ; the branches 
sel | NAM leaves sessile, m s hairy ; the uppermost ovate- 
lanceolate, ebghtly WR sparingly ace or mE) ; the lower mostl 
lobed, tapering e ^ rsely serrate, acuminate; the radical on slen- 
der petioles, ovare or val : obtuse, often subcordate, crenate-toothed, some- 

imes lobed or incised ; ce ds small) on m peduncles; scales of ^ 
the involucre lancenl te- oup ulus, usually shorter than e (mostly 8) 
v or po sur ie spon xe np eg of the cii reik e abrous, lanceolate- 


Eos 
S 


Michx. : 
under t: 87. Peramibus hirtus, Raf.! in ann. ngs (1890, )p 
B. pinnatiloba : slender; earliest radical leaves mundi -0V vd ped 
cw sometimes lobo the others irregularly., pinn with the lobes 
sh obtuse: lower cauline leaves pinnat S ndi pr pat the 
upper 3-lobed or ‘entire heads small.—R. biennis, Oha man ! 
soil, Virginia ! to Alabama! and Ohio! ET &e., o "Louise! 
feet hie e rocks, Middle Florida, à z: oe omes TOÀ iri 
t high (pr ws | cesar » F e wow rece tac e ex 
A Hi hd ih. divid b. ep r da H chesnut, leak (AN 


ee ep vee in ie ioe ime orati boe A 
ao lines long. TN ell distinguished by the andir cae cus uspidate, 
points of the chaff. In Pursh's. charact or ee , the T of the 


` Pappus is said to be awned. 


7 is pale and often bearded or canescent at the summit, mostly shorter ya 
mi 


expanded corolla ; the disk therefore at first fuscous, at len 
purple. Ww. 


R. subtomentosa (Puts T stem m branching, foment ose-po i 
ew most] ioled, hispid-scabrous above, soit and minute y tomentose 
beneath s fes wer die or deeply Minn the upper mostly undivided, 
ate, a 


te, hat ‘cory 

1 ‘of th involucre numerous, narrowly lanceolate, cane ,imbricated, 

at des pe kin useage — a than the subglo brownish 

disk, man y times. — than the rous spreading rays; chaff of the 

mec glandular- arded at the obse "tior ox. summit, shorter than 

the ; pappus oet; obsolete. —Pursh, fl. 2. p. 575, ex px = 
syn. 2 herb. ? POUR. R. triloba 3. foliis adfliedimitteis, Miche: $ "A. 2 . p- 1 
R. odorata, Nutt. jour. acad. Philad: 7. p. 78, not of the gardens. 


ar & i ie - ^ 
Oey eh w i rU Ei 


Pe 


310 COMPOSIT A. RUDBECKIA. 


in 
Prairies and copses, (Mountains of Virginia ?) Illinois! to Arkan 
Western Louisiana! and the borders of Texas! July-Aug.—Plant n 
stout and. with a coarse habit, 2—4 feet high; = min "when bruised, 
and perhaps also the leaves, exhaling an anis ate or vanilla-like odor, much 
m 


s 3-5 inches the 
undivided and the upper occasionally 3-lo $a: "but usually the lower ones 
only 3-parted or divided : the lat is exea smililest; A ; the termi- 
nal ovate-lanceolate or ovate, acuminate, serrate. Peduncles short. Bayh 
10 to 12, or rarely 20, 10-15 lines longi nieht ye ellow. 


7. R. mollis (EIL): stem hirsute- villous, branching; leaves sessile and 
partly clasping, oblong, obscurely serrate, tomentose-canescent on both sides, 
the low s somewhat s spatulate ; heads rather large; scales of the invo- 
— Tg 2 mon] 3 Geplat te, villog, reflexed about half the length of 

e rays; chaff linear, canescent at the summit, rather obtuse, as long as the 
woo Se, mus a (s vals iie s 4-toothed at the summit.—Ell.! 
sk. wA rs 453 ; DC.! ! prodr. 5. p.556. R. spathulata; Pursh ! fl. 2. p. 574, 
not of . 

Western kuniik of Georgia, Bartram! Baldwin! Elliott! &c. Aug. 
Oct.— Plant 2-3 feet high, my cts pup: ; the branches vant a 

ad. 


terminated by a single e he Leaves 12-15 lines long, soft. Rays 15-20, 


ually an inch long, pale yellow, go deep aioe w at the base. Achenia 
po ig half the length of the narrow chaff, exactly 4-sided ; ‘the angles 
produced into indistinct and minute obtus e teeth. 


8. R. Heli iopsidis © : stem simple from a prostrate rhizoma, somewhat pu- 

escent with ie bere d bearing 3-6 emn ca angled branches or 

peduncles near the ; lea somewhat distant, ovate or oval, slightly 

serrate, mostly o obtülve; t inibi navei, glabrous or nearly so, abruptly con- 

ted, the lower into long and slender, the upper into short petioles ; scales 
spat 


squa: shorter than the subglobose brownish purple disk, and much shorter 

aa i the | (10-12) oae Rae spreading rays; chaff i the receptacle ob- 

tuse, canescent-pubescent at the summit, about the length of the corolla ; 

achenia of the rays triangular and as large as the aci fertile ones ; 

PA ain no Sas ete. 
o 

h shorter than the 


lucre muc 
B. stem stouter, pube at below with spreading, above with pipe 
hairs; leaves n nearly entire, 


leaves more or less serrate, sometimes acute ; invo- 
disk 


* Pine woods, &c. pipci es Georgia ur d 8. Chero 
country of Alabama, in wet places, Mr. Buckley ! -Sept. Sem 
about 2 feet high. Lower leaves 2-3 inches long, 1-2 ‘ae on petioles 2-6 
inches long, which in . are SM uid beneath, dull above. Rays scarcely 
an inch long, pale A n 8. pre ng an abortive style. Involuere and 
disk exactly resembling soni’ orn E Helio psis levis, except that the latter 
is brownish-purple: the achenia of the rays perfectly formed, an often 


Jardi d than the fertile fruit, but not ovulifero 


ow, ace to ance the oe and naked piping onn summit, i 


terminated by large solitary heads; leaves (often membranaceous) somewhat 
serous ruit ve ed, entire or sparingly re epand-toothed, 


slightly point 
and reti ticulate-veined ; the radical and lower cauline tapering by. 


base into slender petioles; the uppermost cunei form-obovate, 
the i ar 


"T 


Š 


* 


= À 
i x S 


Es. P * 
RUDBECKIA. . COMPOSITA. i 311 


Plains adde pine woods, Western Louisiana, —Á— on the baniak of 
cm Dr. Hale! Dr. Leavenworth! Dr. Carpenter! Texas, Drummond ! 
— Exige 2-3 = high, rather slender. bn wer leaves 3-6 inches 

ng, 2-3 wide, usually nearly entire, — gly ribbed and or oe — 
lated “ead tbe: ribs, adis a vith minute resinous dots, some p. 
branaceous an nearly smooth; the UP er Aen similar in ferm b onal 

and on shorter petioles, or the uppermost sessile. He era smaller " in 


as the proper tube of the corolla. —Closel y allied to the Amis species " 


- R. grandiflora (Gm e DC. 5: scabrous-hispid one apn si 
a or branching, striate-angled; the branches — above, a ned 
by apart (very large) hea ids ; leaves rigid, very rough; del Nace and 
lowest cauline ovate or oval, som mewhat serrate a. entire, 7-nerved Land reticu- 
late-veined, o iod ng pet tioles; the upper lanceolate, unequally and sharply 
ner 


rrat - 
uppermost sessile ; scales of the inyolucre numerous, linear, shorter 
ie : 


ous (20 or more) drooping rays; chaff of the receptacle rather acute, some- 
what canescent at the summit, shorter than ha coro - p coroniform, 


= 


crenate or ciens aa oothed, confom C. pro . p.556. R. nu- 
dicaulis, Nutt. mss., nee zi Pers. Centrocarpha pe, Don, in Sweeti, 
Brit gard. ser 


R lains, d&c., Rea River Arkansas, Nuttall! Dr. Pitcher! Dr. Lea- 
Ja uly-Se ept.—Stem stout, 2-3 feet high, mech clothed, like Eos 
bth su rhe sia of the leaves, with short and very rough hispid hairs. Lea 
h d 


wit Ung nerves, or rather ribs, running from the je to the apex ; the 

upper 4-6 inches long, an in l ide; t nost sometimes 8 

inches long and T mj peg in the cultivated plant sometimes ** neat- 

ly 6 inches across”; th rays in our indige o pre 9 ine long, 

golden yellow, aware tomentose pubescent be benéath. ceptacle narrow- 

oo he character given by De Ca dolo, which: is shie efg taken 
m that of Don, is incorrect in several BO pipe his the pappus is not very 

re 


+22 Dok ona aie. conical, some what prolonged when mature ; the recephacle at 
length columnar or spiciform : chaff navicular, truncate, somewhat bearded at the * 
Summit, not longer than the sce achenia : branches: e the style truncate, slightly 
thickened and bearded at the summit. 


A 


. R. laciniata (Linn.) : glabrous; stem tall, pog : toles Dirag i 
and scabrous, particulari y on the Hus " radical and lowermost 
vid 


B Loud = © 
x «4 e 
pe IHE 
"25833 
ce 
o 
© 
5 
3 
S 
e 
® 
£5 
au 
B 
m 
8 
$ 
Ad 
iss) 
S 
lal 
B 
L. 


Bart. fi. Amer Moor EL Td Darling f. Cest. p. 481 ; DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 555. 
s leaves js the upper ones undivided. EL levigata, Pursh ! fl. 2. 
4, not of Ni 

y. divisis of the radical and lower leaves pinnatifid.—R. digitata, Mill. 


x "o de 


g nE ; © 


i: a € pr 


"y" 


cid 


E ays 10-15 


» b. 5x 
» : ; # "yer COMPOSITA. » RuDEECKIA. |. 
. ds 


dit: Ait a (ed. 1) 3. p. 251; ` Wild. enum. 2. p. 921 ; Pursh! ote 
*EIL L. Cil pem R. laci inita B. angustifólia; Pers. syn. 2. p. 
R. lev vi Hoffm., e 
Moist Wicker eg: si to Alabama! Western Louisiana! and to near 
the ue of the Missouri! July-Sept.—Stem 4- -8 (in 8. 3~4) feet high 
Rays bright light yellow, oblanceolate, 1-2 inches long. Radical leaves sca- 
ides; th | 


brous on both s e divisions deu segments often long and very narrow, 
pot rhombic-ovate. — The var. 8. is common in the mountains of North 
Carolin 

ae 


12. 4R. R. hterphyl: cinereous-pubescent; leaves minutely tomentose be- 
5 nii ; the lower a te Brys ix viet dece or rd 
Init sparingly toothed, the terminal o iform mostly - 
Sle z 1 the upper ea E pea slighty pried: pace scrtato, kp 
heads somewhat corymbose s drooping ; achenia J^ mem: with a 


; 
ciniata, with the upper leaves ume teach throughout. Disk 


Ee 2. Ries of the involucre few ; exterior spreading, the itio ertet, . A 
similar to the chaff o of the P res ated receptacle : the disk at length 
columnar : rays with abortive achenia : branches of the style terminated by 
a very short and obtuse cone : achenia of the disk as long as the obtuse chaf, 
acutely 4-sided ; the pappus continuous with its summit, sheathing the lower. 
portion of the corolla, irregularly toothed or lacerate-denticulate ; that £ 
ray small with a short cor m pappus.—Macrocuine. 


13. R. marima (Nutt -)? very smooth and glabrous throughout, somewhat. 
ien: leaves large, membranaceous, broadly oval or Wesen F 
-Vein i adic 


, ier i Arkansas, and Texas, Dr. Leaven h! 

siana, Dr. Hale! Jun id —Stems " feet high, 
t m masses" (Nutt.), stout, striate. Leav 8-10 or 12 
and 4-5 broad, **but little inferior i in size to tied of the Cab- 

- "Nu $ Tipa or slight] y acuminate ; the numerous veins diverging 

e strong iere reticulated, the upper ones usually converging to the 
ually. i - 


X 


at the summit, sometimes nearly halfa g as thi 
itself and including the lower half of the E 
e following i es might be considered as a separate 1 
with nearly the same reason a s Dracopis, which closely 7 resemb 
f receptacle, involucr acre, &c. : but as to the pappus they $e m not greatly 


x 


s 


+ 


$ 


* 
* 


Li 


a 
» 


E atl s 5 a HM. * 
rw 2s 


. 


Cah: 3 5 COMPOSITAE. 4e 313 
apt à; 
differ from Rudbeckia atigpidio s odi laciniata has a T aidbough. 
less elongated receptacle. 
Ey" 
4. itida (Nutt.) : very smooth and somewhat aa stem simple 


14. R.n 
or Bu branched above; leaves coriaceous, ovaléoblong a and IKüceolate, 
nervose and reticulated, re spand- -den pee: or entire, mostly acute at each 
al argin 


end; the radical and lower auline taperiug into s slender usually m 
netiolds, ihe uppermost (o (often p lanceolate) partly blasting rays large, 
rooping ; chaff pubescent at the sum ad !- 4n jour. acad. Philad. 7. 
j Bs G? 


abra 
eorgia and Florida, on the borders o ens ai open "ace Nut p 


, Veorgiar 
Prairies, Louisiana, Dr. Leavenworth! Dr. Carpenter ! "Dre 
d! June-July.—Plant 3-5 feet high, mc rese ied the Me 


. Drummond ! § 
ceding, but with more nervose smaller leaves (the lower 4-6 inches long, 1-3 


wide), beautifully Ui ug between tbe nerves or bs cc. Stem either 
e, with a solitary hea 


ing several he Heads nearly as lar e as in the preceding, with: 


8-19 rays; the disk sometitnes broadly conical and apparently unch nged in 


s 


* 


fruit; but Ad elongated like the preceding, and sometimes attaining 
^ 2 inches. —Both t these species would be v very showy in 
cultivation e 


$3. Intühisfe ry chaff as in. ioca rays none ! akan ?) : corolla o a 
T the conical-oblong disk nearly « destitute of proper tu be (the stamens inserted. 
into the very "sen branches of the style slightly dilate 'd upwards, truncate-- ` 


aue nia prismatic: pappus cor deg d) and s pere toothed, 
y as in R. laciniata. mi. ide 1A, Nutt. ^ A e j 
oe R. occidentalis (Nutt): cieli and glabrous; - stout ; deme 
ate-lanceolate, acuminate, entire or repa ^ apis thed, sometimes irr 


larly 1 obed, scabro iuret the margin, 3-nerved ; the uppermost sessile ‘mie dei 


late, éntire; heads few, on long ped dex ; ‘disk conical ; scales of the invo- 
lacre nceolate, acuminate, nearly in in e Series. Nu tt “in trans. Amer. 
- soc. (n 7. p. 35 


Mountains rd > de di : s particularly i in I Blue Moun; oul 


¥ 
tain range, by small streams, Natal = die ^ me D 
' Disk Teo one 


probably elonga ted in fruit. s appn E. pe ‘species west of the Rock ky 
untains. i 


SS 
`- R. asperrima, Hornem. (Loud. hort. Brit.) 
` R. cicutefolia, Spréng. is founded on son Sm Raf. te Indov, 


- 


1,99; LEPACHYS. Raf. 5 in jour. phe te p. 100; eis syn. p. 225. 


Lepachys & Ratibida, Raf. l c—Obeliscdria, Cass. (1825), DC. 
d; the ray-flowe ers few, in a single- series, neutral ; 


Haik man; lowere 
Seales of the duco few, linear 


all, tubular, perfect. 


m 6 
nar = an; the c atf truncate or obtuse, thickened ; | Lor v 

-lousa at the summit, nearly the wape of the disk-flowers and partly enclosing 
Or cbracing hacia Corolla of the o short, cylindrical, with 5 short 


* 


ied ko 
A. * F | oat : d E " s 


2 E 4 i ii^ b 3 -t ox a 
s` ae OX om an. * x r = LI 


| 
A 


ia p i * : 
- Li s F^ & 
14 I c 
3 £3 4 "uw COMPOSIT/E. i h p 
" recurved t teeth 3 the | proper tube none; the stamens, therefore inserted into the 
of the corolla. | _ Achenia of NS my 3- angled, Ag aban Ws 


» . both sides, which is more or less produced into-a sah at the ‘suimiity ‘he’ 
d areola at the base somewhat latėral.— Perennial usually branching $ strigose- 
scabrous herbs (natives of North America, chiefly of: the region betwee hes 
‘Mississippi and the Rocky. Mountains) ; the striate-sulcate's stems or br: ranches | 
"naked above, and terminated by single showy heads. 


- 


* 
"T 
Leayes alternat pin- i 
nately. parted or.divided ; the divisions narrow, sometimes . again pinnatifid. f. 

Rays ‘Spreading or" drooping, 
; br Disk cylindrical, inus a fragrant anisate odor "when bruised, the ` 
app of of the ch canescent; the corolla, mr | and branches of 1t the ape pe 

p -fusco f 


yellow, sometimes partly or entirely orange- y, 


a 


J ù , iy 
hr A us is n. not PE e T 
eo Rafinesque mentioned Rudbeck e type genus, * 
iged, he ty to follow Lessing, ram ra yee ce of Pads ^ i this genus; - 
» ~ EE quA well. marked fi eter, must be divided into M an 
« many sections or Sees genera as there are speci: re pinn * p A 
o. ee bein viz: — lata. 57 


i EG Raf.) "A Ps z ss : . * y | 
7 acp 
A «€ LL pinnata: ene oe inherent with bid E " 
$ pinnately divided ; ‘the divisions TT ceno i or a donee at Pee 
E. end, spari adnal RUER de or ont the uppermost undi ed ; disk oval- e» 
" lon; Sier than thé rays.—L. pinnat ada & angustifolia, Wf. o. CN 
py vc udi ckia. gos Vent. ! Tort hec 71; Michre? fl. 2. S on ^ i 
Smith, exot. bot. Y. t. ; Bot. 10; Willd.! enum o IMS 
sà Pursh! fl. 2. p. 516. "R digita, Wit ya i 4 8247, exch ey 
R. tomentosa, Ell. ! / "3k. 9 p. 458. excl. syn. R. odorata. i 
Pi SN Pme E ad pinnata, Cass. in gis A sci. nal. p £8 
401; DC.? r. 5. p. 558. 
1i... (Dry, prai igen and: ei ird stern N cw ros (Dr. S meme M ot 
TE Pennsylvania (Mublenbér n dou ee fi es es. : 
Western States o Loui ! | part o Georgia (B 


a | the pony i Dre 
ju !) Alabama (1 kkl 11) and Middl es . 
3-4 X igh. Divisions. of. 

"CY and coarsely too tooth ed, to arrow wly ERE 
terminal & su ions 


pr -oblo 
superior l ti ag e i x dee d bright T 
inches long, varying pc ses 


j-nerve e lateral nerves d etm goce i ex a a un 
: Saco bold on each Qm which, * Beis Pr 
* the CER that xd achenium i is rectis. qe eds $ 


m" x Y. 
COCA en the (d margin EOM 
j- ciliate; the summit somewhat a -2-tootheds and crowned vee een 
E, 


t * 4 uM * Tar * * £. 


= LA pE £ ind - 

Korm, i " d gk "Ea 2 a — Uu" 

Es AN f > >. : : ‘ á 
m aer - T oda y composi. we Be i * 315. 

De 

aa. xd P'lbcerate fringe: gaip of tie style fp A BON by avery = 
+ d d 7 dagt.—Rarimina, Raf., 
LIN Don. M ^ (Qualiscara! 5 Ratibida & Monodoniks pU ye ae A 
C 
? : ) stri gose- bethipat ioe br branched from the bul. ^ *radi- í 


P. 
em pridnim) Io phon: undivided "ims te-lanceolate ; the cauline pinnately 
» the upper r.sessile; segments linear-lariceolate or'oblon g, rigid; muero- 
-` nulate, entire, rarely so thawhi t lobed: disk eni dis. in fuit longer than 
^ * fthe 5-8 y r obovate-oval recurved "d m" deno esae colum- 
” Phe 2. 5. 1785; ^ 


aris, Te. in Brit. gard, 
r. 5. p.,559. " D: 
like 


^ —V ries, 
Ferhat de or dp nis linear-lanceolate, 


"E ET the leaves & again regularly pinnatifid, the rays also yellow at the 

` apex 3 6e qe a, DC.! E c3 or the rays entirely brown-red, 

^ with the columnar disk variable in lengt S DO Le roe ames! in. 
X . 68. 


‘somewhat distant ; the 
— pus as — Chaff “with rrp op 
i) cepe ated by a short acute membranacéous’ ; 
exterior-margin o obscurely if at all ~ 
ed athe summit.—'The e specimens . á 
ly jus stify the union of the vane 
t le 


and i ed specimens 
hire E itis nearly gle The 
ng toa dwarf, much is cd po leafy plann m 


* p : qt i ad i 
: on a. * 
$3. $3. Achenia Foie ch epee, i ed and. E 2- tooth or y 
derota ha e (the summit and, the vim bearded); the- wings strongly 
H briate-ciliate M CHA ofl style termin ded by a lànceolate acute d 
oh ndagel PHOCHENA- P. x 


= oe sitüple or branching near "he båse P ue and | 


Dis Beet s hirsute or strigose, E aed png: Š 
* segme i bae co dos. cs twice 
an ium Ea hus ded e spiri eit, sightly bearded at P 


Á at 
de Teles, Dr ES ns The le fy portion of x d ‘ 
“inches ; phe =e cum i es in ihyths Radi hax une- 

ma 


a ;oblopg or cuneiform, in-  . 


ime: 
1 j^ esr d, with narrow w seg- 
Bc. per lea a mo et Lg cylindrical. Exterior 
- 29 * m & e 
Ls ds Ww 2 M > i » * 


" 


4 
Li 


* 


Ee 


d 
316 _ COMPOSITE. . Lepacnys. | 
scales of the involucre very few, subulate ; the interior much shorter, resem- m 
bling the chaff of the receptacle. Rays deter yellow. Chaff with — 
bright purple spot near each margin. Achen a (immature) flat, oval; s ' 
9 win ed; the inner wing as s r, and more conspicuously fringed ih ‘ 
som spreading bristles ; the summit produce d into 2 sharp slightly unequal 
t r awns, which are fully haif ris length of. the corolla, err gsm nt 7* 
eer the Af in the manner of Silphium i 
^ * * P 
eS ee 
~~ 93. DRACOPIS. "at dict. 35. p. 273; DC. prodr. 5. p. 558. he 
Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers neutral, in a single series ; those " 
of the disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the involucre in 2 series ; the exterior. 
6-8, small, linear, spreading ; the interior very M appressed, resembling — 
the chaff of the receptacle. . R drical, pointed ; the chaff linear, — 
" somewhat bearded at the be PUER ins mucfonulate, rather shorter than — 
the flowers. Corolla of the disk with a manifest tube; the throat expanded, 
5-toothed, the teeth reflexed. Branches of the style terminated. by a linear- . 
lanceolate barbellate appendage. Achenia terete, narrowed Beasts 
base, with a lateral areola, minutely striate and granulated. Pappus obso- 
lete (an extremely minute entire crown or border), or none —An annual A 
branchi glabrous herb; the stem and branches striate-sulcate. Cauline- . 
leaves H ied oblong or oval, mostly acute, entire, the lower ones.» 
serrate, smooth and pale, reticulate-veined ; the margins ciliate-scabrous. - 
Heads solitary, m eme terminating the branches. Rays yellow, often 
with an orange-brown spot at the base. Disk b first one conical, at - 
length cylindrical) fuscous. 


K i 


i 


D. amplericaulis (Cass. 1. c. )— Hook. bot. mag. t. 3716, &. compa le ia 
.p. 99. Rudbeckia cus Rie Vahl, Hafn mus p. ir. 
Schkuhr, handb. 3. t. 259. R. ample sti, a cq. ar. d F 3023 ib 
Willd.! spec.3. p. Bio; Pursh ! AB v “ fe idi. Cav. it. 3- se 
P- 27, t. 952." R. spathulata, Nutt. ; d 2 Y 178, ex Muhl. herb.! | 

Low isiana ! 


g. Anthers fuscous. Branches of: the style sie 


e ; & : "d % 2 

E A 94. Qoo RI DC. prodr. Sap 56l . Meo die 
i; EON + DAE i 

7  Gymnolomia, H. B. 4» K.—Aldama, Lalle?. 4- Lez.? ho . 

Heads many-flowered the ray-flowers in a single series, neutral ; those . 

of the disk tubular, perfect... Scal the involucre in a. double series, the ^4 

exterior § ewhat feliac olia Receptacle flat or con perhaps s conical, 
chaffy. Branches of the style with long mois: bee ‘cro 

with a very Wi ge A pappus.—Herba eous or p gos on ^ 

shrubby: (American) ee oe w cioe ne bise ^ae or E », 

. leaves. Heads pedunculate. DC. — D 


d poa Se beret em mm branchin; somewtat ; 
b S n d 


pw aim : » "n » ^ I 
r Y w i 
ennai COMPOSITE. k r NI 5*3 
and nearly naked above, — airy beneath; ponas of the invo- 2 
vers apa m hirsute, in a single series ; chaff o receptac, lein- +` 
cluding the | ry glabrous and shining nbhenia? at fendi tuber culate and 
rer 14 E ppus corel, fimbriate. Hook. ! C. pl. t. 1457 
DC. «a 7. (mant.) 
exas, Drumm ond!—Plant strigose-hirsute; the ia tea 2 feet 
more in height. ur MM ate-lanceolate ; the most alternate. 


b Rays und Resin bright yellow, oblong. Disk -flow A uo 30 ; the « 
rolla mid slightly dilated up wae “with 5 xx m n 2 very narro| 
linear mens inse sr. ida ar the base of the corolla ; am "E 


sy Wy Eur filiform-linear. The edges of the cha ffy sc ale Bi op en- 
| quee. ich achenium at length cohere firmly. .—Nearly allied aS to 
and G. oe of De Candolle; but the genus seems to in 
n congruous plan : 
: + t & ^ $a 
95. ENCELIA. Adans. ; Cav. ic. 1. t. 61; DC. prodr. 5. p. 566. 


P © Heads many- -flowered; the ray-flowers GNR ina single series; those 
T e disk tubular, perfect. Involucre somewhat imbricated in 2-3 series, 
equalling the disk: Receptacle flat : the diti membrenaceodp, navicular. 
E Branches of the style terminated by a cone. Achenia co ssed, mt, i 
emarginate, destitute of s, with the esta densely woo vill 
plants of the Pacific coast of America, more or less canescent ; « 
the leaves alternate, ovate or oblong, pelea, entire or nearly so, 
few, ferum g the Paniggiate branches. Ray and disk yellow.” . . 


4 


* 
x. *1. JE. Californica (Nutt. ) ra much branched; the branches pubert-: 
»* Seah cag, ) eect, ate, acute, —— S angular at 


anescent; leaves la 
the iair osia base, abruptly parola, 3-7-nerved, nearly glabrous, 

‘the margins scabrous ; inv Sici ver and ests y ep ex-^ 4 
“cept the m margins, wbich a eT. Mara villous -hirsute.—JNutt trans. 9 

Amer. "key soc. (n. ser.) 7. e 357.4 2 
"Dry^hills, near St. Barbara [or St. D iego], Nuttall ! Ap —A low, . 
| eer: brittle dr s ae er scent of. Cale ndu la or € ; 
Am 


; ou 

E VIGUIERA. H. B. &. K. em Ww o 224, t. 99; = 4 
—— DC. prodr. 578. e i 
| ; the ray-flowers- How, bani those r the disk. — 

perfect. Sca of tho dap behia. involucre nearly in a single series, 

S somewhat iut with foliaceous tips pendages. Receptacle either co- 
nical or flattish ; the persistent chaff embracing "the. achenia. Appen ndages : 
: ' style sul > 24 x^ Achenia em ed pubescent. Ver v 
squamellæ and 2 awns, decid ous.—Annual 


je ev erbs; : s napaa oppo- 
à with yell ~ S. 74 | 4 
jera “prostrata, DC. is not a North American plant; and is ps edi 4 
liz ' thy 3 Di ost atus Wild. à T. $ s iras A e 
P L^ É r 


T" : UN " r * x 4 
“ge a te fate CompPosrra. 20 Viewrrna. 


f 
1. V. Terana: stem oaiiy, sparingly branched ; leaves alise ah law 
est opposite), rhomboid-ovate, acuminate, sparingly serra ed 
d Bopcemeie pubes somewhat. scabrous dion: abruptly peer into 
‘long villous petioles ; feres are ery or subcorymbose ; scales of the in- | 
yolucre Vries d nt, , with linear foliaceous vw 


p? 
€. 


10; achenia pe eea R e he 

» =“ Texas, Drummond !—Root and base of the stem unknown. Leaves 15 
inches long, 2=3 broad, membranaceous; the lower petioles 2 inches -1 
length. Bppeadages, of the paie scales longer-than the ovate- -obl n 
appre ion; or those of the inner serie s, when present, shorter. Chal 


fepe port 
siad with a een n Tights cusp. "Squamelle of the pappus s small, roundis % i 
lacerate-fimbriate s rather shorter than the achenia, dilated and lacer- . 
ato-denticulate near i dié beo; -Apparently near V. laxa, ; * 
, 
4 
E HELIANTHUS. La; Sehicula handb. t. 9585 Less. £n. p.99. c 


E. Helianthus & Harpalium, Cass., Dc. excl. § Harpalizia ? à s 
! a Heads  many-flowered $ the: "ii-aowers several” or numerous, neutral; `- 
those of the disk perfect. Involucre imbricated in 3 or more’ series; the 
scales with or without foliaceous tips or appendages. Sedans flat or of 
- convex; the persistent chaff embra acing the achenia. Corolla of the ds 
» commonly 10-nerved, with a short proper tube. . Branthes of. the ee 4 
= pid; terminated by a subulate-conical appendage. Achenia iida or ^ ir 
"- y compressed, not winged or. margined. » - -Pappus of 2 chaffy pee 
arising from the principal angles of the achenia, and often with 2 or mo 
- smaller i ies scales. or squamelle, very deciduous. —Annual or. per- 
| ennia yi . mostly rough herbs; with opposite, some- 
A times alternate the FS commonly triplinerved leaves. -Heads so way $. 
‘=, a =e pU co: ory mbose. Rays yellow ; the corolla. of the die Bie 
etimes dark-pu purple at the summit, —Sunflouer. 4 


+ 


1 


P 


The 4. RF of. the disk in Helianthus i is generally "10 nerve, the 5 ndana or^ 
commonly 10 o corresponding with the axis of the lacinise? in H. mollis there are _ P. 


venati: it 
- c this is graly: the case in 7 JoBigilblius. Th . Nu soi we ‘observe a e 
or median ne nly. Porc 
e ots 


; ig Annual ¥ heads d largé: rays numerous : coit: involucre § al 
um z wr. und leaves ra d cordate, mosty we triplinerved Anna 


d "E annuus, the eer Senor, ag very generall cuts ed, | but às noe 
 Raturalized in this co qe em Rr X 
P 4 Et - cere y 
1. H. H. argoph llus : Four eiie: leaves ornati) us entire: the 
lower ls dn ate, sette) on short petioles ; heads ary and, "s 
on short nido scales of involucre dee acuminate, woolly + Pus 
heat gies} ai af at the summit ; yappus of 2 very deci a 
awns. = p e. HET o 


ges Bao a TONS E Jj - hd = = i bras he 
€ Ce . : *& X * 
à v 58 “ * ow $ 
ES LU. Ed 2d ù " 
p HrrnawrMUS. 9 coros. ja TÉ ii - 9319 a 
Ta 
Texas, ; Degmond  Appatently a a large plant, "d n base ‘of the stem ` x 
s m very white wool, which on the stem is loose vim * 
L west 1 


—' ‘obscurely hee rn - long petioles; the upper 2-3 EFOR ess aat 
o den svete s pretty la ge heads in their axils, on s ich are 
ldom longer than the Bent, Rays about 20. Inner bu "the involu- * 
". E ber ranli all Ro 12 Chair of the recepta Sgen at Ea 


* T. 


* flocculent, ot the leaves appressed. o eaves (radical?) 6- 6-8 inches 


e aea. Deana AS. gd até, obtuse at the basé,, gato Yok e lower oF: a 
kis cordate, the “upper rmost Mies lanceolate and entire; peduncles terminal, 
* sometimes pani culate; heads very lar a iei: of the involucre oval or 
+ ovate; ciliate, abruptly and conspicuously ac minate; achenia appressed- 
> pubescent, often as long as the corolla “ob, the disk ; the latter villous.at the á 
* base; pappus of 2 lanceolate -ehaffy awns.— — Dougl. | 

Hook.! fl. Bor-Amz1. p. 313; DC. ! prodr... p. 586; kd in bun. 

j is 


4 à "og phil. soc. 1. c. wit tubeeformts S gen init rco 
a P 3 Baril. ind. (x hort. Gett. = (Linnea teh o 25.) . 
Tu cor the disk Airis ous at, the d Hae oe sometimes | 
[og and the Seales of the involucre = nimius ry—H. ultiflorus, Hook. ! 


mine of Oregon Douglas Nuttall | / and y cm the he Diao S d * 
* Arkansas! and, Texas! 5. Saskatchawa n, a. E share j 
Mr. Nicoilet aay tpt A epic resembling LH. with a 

rough LT often Spotted) stem: ; the thin uere 1-2 indes br ; rape: ye 


* et ches long and 6-10" lines wide. The stem exudes.a resin ; 
A The Indians emp loy the se 4 for al " * 
a Wo uL Fe : i 
ES laris - (Nutt. ): stem strigose r Phispid, benik ES SCca- N 
ai terme Lew: lower not requent! 


early so o, on very long peti 
bote (arie) heads of t 
of the disk minutely “pu 

f 


i ceolate, acu 
acuminate: corol nt or canescent at the*base ; 
3 cms villous 4 pus of 2¢ lhaffy a wis Nul. / in i và Pd a un X d "d 
LX patens, Lehm.!.ind. sêm. ze 1890, p i84 H. ‘ate A Nalt. è we 
; se Amer. W^ dh (n 4 dug Y 
.. * Upper Missouri, Nuttall! Mr. PN icollet ! ru aie ccf e P places. 


| Auk. — cda ti thi Heads, aiding the (12- EE 
* 3-4 inche "is as Scales e "UT involu cre na "i or broad! «ee cd 
with a tuer acumination, ze ‘eral acut -Leaves most e inna 
et : ‘ x* d 
i pa olia T: ue switch ; Jeaves lt ternate, 
m i if H. cn ifolius : hisp n wo et 


on slender ‘petioles; pe duncles pommes: c xe ating a "single, o ordi : 
clus i i s; i pn arrowly linear-lan- à 
clustered (sessile) pee ads; scales of the in se narrowly V gt P 


te nuate-acu indi: édrolla of the disk. us at 
. nia jas pappus of. driinutely ene mis sm ay awns: — Mw. 
Te um mys ~Sept.— Lower part E of ihe stë nknown; but 
appar: ntly asm: spe the branches ohet a op in a slender 
a+ ` Peduncle 4 to 10 inches Eng. . Leaves 1-3. ditis alt | deltoid-cordate, an-^ 
ud gulate-t d, ads an 


ide scabr ] 
| é often in luster of 9-4 at the apex 'of the»peduncle. 
. Scales o e: ere lah ays about 15. m] of the receptacle (or 
; iddle 3 ed into a slender — ne, Achenia oblong, clothed 
Pp villous hairs. 


tg x < 


DA 


x 


: 7. 
4 linear [very ey flat, scarcely denticulate, 1-nerved, slight 


320 s COMPOSITJE. Hyvixernts, 
4 


5. H. debilis (Nutt.) : somewhat cibot; ; stem slender, decu meet 
branching; leaves es a {rarely payer DK -ovate, eese o 
, repand-s der petioles; heads (very small for 
lis s division) raolitar ry, on slender RES P io les; scales of the ifeplibe t 
wly lanceolate, attenuate-acuminate, achenia pubese cent; pappus of 2 
minutely pubescent small 2: iaffy awns.— Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc 
n. Ser.) 7. p. 3 
B. stem "mostly simple, Eas lower leaves oes opposit 
Coast of East Florida, Baldwin! 8. Sand hill oF T Louisiana 
and Texas, Dr. Leavenworth !—The root of the Flori plant is u 
but that ‘of B., which scarce ly differs except in d simple beia m “2 feet 
long), and a little more attenuate leaves (14 inch in length), is annual. In- 
r = 


volucre about half an inch in diameter. e of the recht S 3- “beds the 


middle lobe cuspidate-acuminate. Rays 1 


* * Perennial: heads small: rays 12-24: receptacle convex: scales of the involucre 
ills imbricated, narrow, at len we squarrose, as long as the dark purple disk : - 
es opposite, alternate, or scattered, linear, 1-nerved.—A ngustifolii, 


H. angustifolius (Linn.) : stem scabrous or hairy; leaves linear, elon- 


a 
gated, sessile, entire, with revolute margins, 1-nerved, scabrous above, pale 


b 
or whitish, and often pubescent or hirsute beneath ; ithe lower oppo the 
upper alternate ; heads oe slender peduncles ales 
of the involucre narrowly lanceolate, acute, squarrose in fruit; chaff of the 
ed 


i M og Aa iong, i toothed; achenia glabrous; papis of 2 small 


ch pec. 9. p. 906; Walt. Car. p. 216; Michx. ! fle 2 
$. ta (Chiely) Pus ; gi 2. p. 572; Ell.! sk. 2. p. nra uus mag. t 
587 


2051; t. fl. Amer. Sept. t. 105; DC.! prodr. 5. P - x foliis 
ineaibus & aaa ger foliis son c. Gronov.! fl. Virg. pas 
Mill. à tif 2.730. n P IA, peig spec. ed. 1. Rudbeckia an- 


Ret id dx (ed. 2) 2 p. 1281. Leighia nye 
p 


e, Wi iris leniineat mi idrib.  Involucre somewhat scabrous or hairy- 

Rays 12-20 20, nearly an inch eo Lobes of oe dee ucl : guae purple- 
Pappus us shorter than the achen 

A orgyalis. (DC.): stem tall, very smooth ; leaves quem sessile, 

ghtly if a t all 

of the involucre 

E 


scabrous; heads corymbose, on long peduneles ; Mina 


: p.12, dy prodr. 5. p. 5 
sas, Mr. Prais: cultivated in vie pones Tun Garden '—- 
* Sud 6-101 feet hi igh. Leaves very nume and narrow, 3-6 inches 


Bays bout 15, an rote or more in length. Pa appus of bri s 


longs ‘to | this species hich case i s geograpt hic ends to 
age ‘but we find no special n of Mr Nuttall's: Ve ode the “herbarium 
of th the Academy of Natural Sciences. oe 
Perennial: rays s rarély, mone: repta conver : gum of the hemispherical in- 
e regularly i , appressed, lanceolate,” destitute 4 mer tips 
z A x ooa cR 
b n E ee 


1 Maple: orbranched. Leaves 2. inches m 2-4 lines, or the xe h m | 


* 


Beistin: 74 E COMPOSITE. 321 


or appendages, mostly shorter ry dark purple disk » leaves umaj opposite.— 
~ Atrorubentes. (Discomela, Raf. Harpalium, Cass.) 


t Rays 7-10, slightly iesiti or frequently wanting! foiiis Nutt.) 


. H. Radula: cbe simple, ohh several from the same root, etd hir- x 
Sis below, naked a Seng fn a single head ; a Ma Mi elegir crowded at 
the base of the see: obut hogh ite, or pipa patulate, p obu se, entire, 
-nerved or wi Yana Sani or on short w nged ati ‘él, "té beneath, 
hispid above; the u deines to s lanceolate bakai scales of the involucre 
and chaff of = receptacle la eolate, acuminate, dark- -purple ; achenia gla- 
brous ; pappu — ioe hep as long as the proper tube “of the 
. 675 Re 


rm acad. P. 7. p. TO Helianthus spealus Le Conte! ine 
~ ned. Ec hin nomeria apetala, Nutt. trans. Amer. phil. soc. de ser.) 
+ p. 356. 


Damp pine barrens of Georgia! Alabama! and Florida! Aug. -Sep 
Stems erect from a decumbent base, a gis ves 1-3 feet hight « ex- 
tremely hirsute below, often glabrous above, and naked, except one or two 

leaves. 


t t Rays. M E i y 


9. H. hee hyllus (Nutt.): stem very slender, simple, sparsely hispid, 
bearin od. k ad; pes ves opposite, entire, hispid above, smoothish be- im. 
neath; the Tadifab and lowest cauline oval or elliptical, narrowed at the base — 


a h ioled, obseurely gie oci the eolate, 
or linear, sessile; les of the i A eolate, acuminate, ciliate; ch 
of the receptacle acute ; ey glabrous ; Pappus of s slender chatty awns. 
—Nutt.! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 74. 


à B. lower leaves mech with a long attenuate base esse heterophyllus, 
Hook. ! c ompan. to bot. mag. 1. p. 98, pa roys 
č In dry soil? North Carolina! Geor ial and Alabama! rapa 8 
Louisiana, Drummond! Florida 1 
naked and o nns 


e 

d 
& 
B 
5 
Lid 


nt 5 the; ower 2-3, or in 8. 4-7 inches long, 3-5 aed wide; the upper- =+ 
pon small. Involucre half an pg: diameter : cales disci or 
pubescent; the xterior oval- Hur eolate ; the inner narrowe more acu- 
minate. "ds 14-18, 1 8, large, an nch or more in length. Latte of the disk- 
corolla and tips of the chaff brownish-purle Achenia narrow, when young 
slightly hairy at. der summit. Awns of the papp us lanceolate-subulate, 
dentic ulate. ‘er 


10. H. atrorubens (Lina. ): stem hirsute ‘and sca below, eere 
or loosely corymbose and naked above; leaves mo: — oval, 
or ree rough and mcam triplinerv rved, som e, ui oka 
k narrowed into 1 margined petioles, the lowest ten “slightly CRA 
cae d oval or obovate, obtuse, minutely ciliate ; chaff of the » 
w VOL. Lidl : : ý E 
; i= * * ye s 
p * 


p M xi i 


322 COMPOSITE. ' HELIANTBUS. ` 


receptacle sek — pcne at eie summit; pappus of2 squamel- — — 
b date lanceolate awns.— Linn. ! spec. 2. we PAu. ! Kew. ( ed: 1) 3. p. 2507 m 
Miche. ! fl. 2 p.140 ag part only); Ell. t 9. p- 414 ; not 5 Lam. ! of DC. 
ex char., nor or Hoo H. sparsi DM Ell.! l. c. H. silphioides, Nutt. ! 
in trans. Am das soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 366. Corona- FA minor, &c., Dill. — . 
Elth. t. 94, Pt : 
Dry soil, Virginia! to Florida! Louisiana! and Ar kansas! common 
eS gne de species, vary ing in size (from 1 to 4 feet) ; the 
sien r pe 1 


pe ari bae ag but fieh nearly glabrous abov Taa rather thin, both 
i irsute or hispid, vei i i 1e lower 3 to 6 


si > i entire 

inches long, and 2 to 5 E the upper small and in more distant pairs; 
uppermost remote an metimes alternate. Heads small; the xus 

rays Sangos, about an ich long. Involucre Bene shorter than the co 

disk ; the obtuse scales obscurely 3-nerved. Chaff of the receptacle purp plish 

id s tips, E oie or slightly 3-lobed. Corolla of te hes dark- per ple at the 

mit, pubescent at the base of the limb. Pa of 2 min EE. 
[RED or Eubirdunccot&ie pale, rather xd awns, oue all 
thirds the length of the corolla. Achenia Mah. except the vs de 


11. H. rigidus (Desf.) : stem simple or iar Weser , rough; 
- leaves opposite, very thick and rigid, lanc oblong-lanceo 
cute or acuminate at each end, n sessile, anoles serra ie or entire, some- 
was triplin mere a dia hispid- (m di on both sides ;*the uppermost 
sometimes al tern ; the radic oe oval, obtu e, strongly tripli inerved, petioled ; 
ner 


imbricated; cha T of the paopao obtuse; achenia somewhat hairy; pap- 

pus of cave lanceolate scales, rather than awns, and frequently with 

one or several intermediate small scales.— Desf. cat. hort ed. 3 : 
atrorubens, Mic herb. in part; Hort. Berol. ! 

i. 9668 ; Hook.! compan. to bot. mag. 1. p. 98 (var. foliis eec 

H. rrimus, Ell.! sk. 2. p. 423; DC. l.c. p. 5 we 


late or ovate, more aeute.—H. diffusus , Sims, bot ides i i 2020 poor.) 
H: Missuricus, * Spren g. pug. p. 23 dud Lini in nung p. 3 2 
souriensis, Schwein. ! herb. ; Neg ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. x à atroru- 
s, Bot. reg. ET Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 312; DC. prodr. l.c 
ex char. not of Lin 
à ains and prairies, "western part of Georgia, Elliott ! peer Mr. Buck- 
y! and St. Louis, Drummond! to the Upper Mis ang Ar. 
à voles | Hyer ‘Nuttall! Louisiana, Dr. Tanoa aii 
Drummond! | 8. Missouri, Nuttall! (spec. cult.) and ses ea 
tais s —Sept.—Plant stout, 1-3 feet high, rather naked above 2 
.— rigid stem hispid with short papillose — often smoothish above + à 
aceous hick leaves (cau p ne 3-5 inches long, an inch or less wide) very 


p. 583. 
gated ; scales of the involucre wone 


rough hs short bristles arising ae Tite. weg give the surface a cine” 
reous and often a whitish blistere . He am ted but sbowy 


the disk aborts IER in d ia em ie . 
the mee regularly and closely ly in d in 3-4 at 
convex : the chaif e Pine m on the baiek tow Do the mmit. Lobes 


ut m e aoo when ‘antes excepi the edges and sul l 
EU is viliable! ios in pe agora from the same wens 3 
1 either of the two scale-like without intermediate squame** 


“the latter ote f ach sido. e eh the squamelle confit 
E j 


* m j 


bad 


d 


E 


* TOREM ae 
= Ex , 


Hewanravs. — COMPOSITE. 323 


es the inpr scales, w become dilated and auriculate or lobed 


e bas ce we conclude that Harpalium, Cass. is 
finded ks insuffgjent E very inconstant characters. The var. f. dif- 
fers but slightly, and act com ipletely y into the, other ope of "lis MER 
marked speci 


s ibe 
leaves are more attenuated to each end, more serra, and a e upper surface 
comparatively smooth.—The stem sometimes exudes resin in small quantity. 


* 
p * * * * Perennial: rays 12-24: receptacle convex: scales of the involuere regularly 


imbricated, appressed, or with somewhat spreading acute or acuminate (inappendicu- 
late) tips, patie the yellow disk: leaves opposite, or the wppermost sometimes alter- 
» nate —Letiflori 


. H. letiflorus (Pers.): stem scabrous and branching at the ripe 
[Ec oval-lanceolate, ardt acuminate, serrate, contracted at the 


into short pedas ere very scabrous on both sides ; the appeal 


often alterna nearly entire ; heads solitary « or somewhat corymbose, on 

naked aiis: scales of the involucre ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate, 

appressed, about the length of the disks chaff aft the receptacle some whiat 
i 76; DC.! prod 


oothed or eei achenia glabrous.— Pers. syn. 2 E T. 


5. p. 586, excl. syn. Ell. H. atrorubens, Lam.! dict. 3. p. 86, not ou pene 
B. leaves all somewhat entire ; chaff of the phases 3-toothed.—H. tr 
cuspis, Ell. ! . pA 
"N. America ; loni Paean in the French Gardens. In barrens, &c. In- 
diana, Dr. Cla] p ! Dayton, Ohio, Dr. Short! 8. Western quie =. bar orgia, 
s s 


®© 
:B 
ES 
2A 
S4 
4 
i 
IO 
H 
Zs 
S 
m 
S85 
S 
F 
I 


a 
species, alibugh the the $ specimens ii in erbarium are ex gly im 


ntalis s (Riddell): stem a slender simple, naked above, so 
cal and lower cauline lea oval or tc pra did (acu 


e m 
isk ; achenia villous-pubescen nt towards the summit. 


k.! compan. to bot. 


dire as long as the 
Lom ings ote Ohio plants, (1886) p. 13. H. heterophyllus, Short / 
3rd suppl. at. 1. 


plan 
8. partly (spec. fom St. Louis) ; not o 
smooth 
b. plan wes notes: eus: stem (sometimes branching E kava pst br rd : 


scales of the à avae eartely ciliate, attenuate-acuminate, as lon g as 


Dry barrens, &c., from p. Ohio! and Kentucky ! to Missouri! 


* Ll 


ere Se r 
f Nutt. eTa with the stem nearly 


— 


s cinereous- 


inate, sô 
M Rays 15-25, an inch long. Chaff of the receptacle. entire, the tr 


324 COMPOSITE. .  HzriaNTHUS. 

B. Texas, Drummond ! poke e ans slender, 1 to 3 feet high, bee E 
leafless, except | piri the base. Lower leaves 3-5 inches long, 1-2 b 
usually roughish-pubescent or hirsute Bn. ; the pais 5-8 inches long. 


eo 


- Rays 12-15, nearly an i inch’ in length. Chaff of the receptacle iiy gla- - 
brous, somewhat 3-toothed at the m acuté. Achenia hairy towards the " 


niet and us the angles. Pappus of 2 eds eolate-sabu late awns.— 


yéllow. disk. he leaves of the rus podia are more coriaceous, and 
appear. brous to the naked eye and nearly smooth to the touch ; but under | 
p ey are observed : be clothed with very fine and short i ael 

14. H. cinereus : Ms with a que pun scabrous and cinereous 
ee stem somewhat naked a eaves ovate-oblong, acutish, - 

essed, serrulate, ata at the -"-—. berg the lowermost narrowed 

ii: a s winged ans ; peduncles slender; scales be the involucre lanceolate, 
canescent ; immature achenia qud € e summit. 

B.? Sulli feci larger and more cocked i stem ,scabrons-Hiiate] 
— xoi itl serrate, acute, wg upper Pest often altern 

s, Drummond! 8. Near Columbus, Ohio, Mr. Sullivant /—Stem 

2-3 foal bigh, virgate, ROR SAES a little branched, beari ng few heads nearly 
as large as those of H. mollis. Leaves rigid, somewhat re Mec 
clothed with a fine strigose pubescence, pe els is cinereous on the , but 
more scabrous on the upper surface : un lowest ehm 3-5 inches per. in-4 
cluding the narrowed base or petiole ; the upper small an re emote. Chal 


obe acuminate ung achenia vi illous at the ‘summit (under a 
ne -and somewhat so on ihe angles 


. H. mollis ee | : stem d ok leaves ovate or laneo ov 
uu with a what and clasping bee serrulate or 
EE. “ead HEET a above, tomentose-canescen or ied 
reticulated beneath; scales of the involucre lanceolate, villousp cancum d 
mature achenia nearly glabrous.— Lam. ! dict. 3. Pp. 8 Fe Me odr. n Lun 

37; not of Willd. &. H. ame Michz. ! fl. 2. H. pube, 
cens, Willd.! spec. 3. p. 224 foe an y da Bott Bs T 524 ; Pl: 
sk. 9. es 418; Hook.! c omp. to bot. 

and dry praise e Ohi T Tndfana! and the western part of 

Georgia ! Gs Missouri! Louisiana! and * Sige Aug.-Sept. - sel 

rked, canescently ER speciei 2—4 feet high, simple. or sparingly 
sir at the nit, bearing r irs AE showy heads on stout 

les. Leaves all per sessile, brosdes or near the more or le 95 COF date 
base, 3 to 6 inches long, often with boh surfaces canescent 
slightly scabrous, the lower very soft. Sca les of the hemispherical pa 

me at un- 


angular summit canescent. Pappus of 2 lanceolate rae ted a scales, 
somewhat fringed. — 


i 


espor  Powwlsl: ads middle-sized : rays 8-24: involucre irregular " imbrice 


ms 


s 


* 


ted ; the scales loose, or with squarrose iadinr ger foliaceous summi, a nae "m 


"ane dt (achenia glabrous ).—Corona-so 


^ t eaves commonly sorde or scattered, the lower often opposite, audet Ee 
triplinervi 


obscurely 


ET H. Nuttalli : stem smooth ; leaves alternate, the lower opposite; nar 
gi acute, mostly entire, scarcely petioled, both sides 


E à 
Henanravs. - To COMPOSIT X. 395 


Mlabecus : scales of the involucre lanceolate-subulate, QUE Rig towards 
the base; pappus of 2 linear-lanceolate chaffy awns or scales.—H. Califor- 
nicus, Nutt. ! an herb. acad. Philad. &c., not of 
»_ Plains of Lewis River, Nuttall !—Stem a pparently strict "ind simple. . 
L i 3 


& 


,, ‘eaves’ 4-6 inches long, 3-5 lines wide, "e veined; obscurely . tripli- 
nerved near the base, bme What cinereous bene the lower remotely and 
" sightly serrate. Heads nearly as giganteus. Involucre 
clothed with vibitish hairs, or often hens, es "The disk: corolla is 5- Hom 


. Or with intermediate nerves Boroepondiig with the axis of 2 only of a 
ciniæ, but not reaching the apex. * 


17. H Californicus (DC.) : stem tall, smooth, loosely Das cup upper - 
nd Bliitgate, remote, elon — lanceolate, entire, attenu t the base, ~ 
jj Renae ig pane ‘both sides scabrous, triplinerved ; peduncle es 

Y ucre line ar-sublanceolate, a little ‘longer th pide 
iy a Squaronespreading, SAET -puberulent; achenia glabrous, Sawned 
T 


E ore | 
heads larger than in H. giganenás the rigid scales of the involucre ihedfly 
equal, not ciliate, very acute: pappus of poer — 
eta scales, tapering Sins an awn-like poin 


Mazimiliani (Schrad.): stem strigose- LEE, bra a hd; civis 


Buc (those of the branches one bt sae lanceolate. entire. N 
h end, brous 


nearly so, tapering to eac ninate, very sca and often Canes: 
cent-strigose on both sides, the sce | petoted s ; ; scales of the inv olucre lanceo- 
late-subulate, much attenua te, strigose-ca - pappus of 2 lanceolate 


m (e Aca scales —Schrad. er sem. hi Gatt. 1835; 


f Be Branching plant, ing umer- 
ous cod fully as a ein as ces "s H. giganteus; the leaves equally rough 
; the canescent umerous much attenuated scales of in 


sides an 
involucre sometimes three-fourths of an inch long. In the wild specim 
We sometirnes observe two nerves near the axis of some papa laciniae ofi ‘hie 
one rolla. 


hianum 
AL 7. 66 or ^ Plik. alm. t. 159, f. 5. (Varies w 
" la om sometitnes infula ternately verticillate.) 
á ambiguus: leaves nearly all opposit e and c closely sessile, obtuse or 


ER. 

EE d dones of marshes, from Canada ! and Saskatchawan ! to E 
Kentucky ! and the mountainous portion of the Southern States ! a 
near Brooklyn, Long Island! Aug.-Oc -Oct.—Stem 3-10 n high, branched be 
above, oporo s M r4 Eo summit, smooth o nearl he wards 

Lea’ hes 


i zu jer ; * m P 
J " J (7 TUS ? 


" s TM Ad 2 
P. + 


RAE A 
=P COMPOSITE. HELIANTHUS. — 


i eind, and usually slightly triplinerved at the base. Rays 15 LM F 
-pale yellow, an inch or more in Wr CUM is a common speciesinthe — 
Nortiern States, and is very Vineis the disposition of the leaves. The 
r. p. grows Ni. RW appar ntly otha into the eee state of the» 
lant ; but it is remarkable for hae the leaves not only opposite, but 
É beoadesflllóar the sessile base, much as in H. divaricatus. bd m 


— 


20. TOSSE- noe dene stem smooth and glaucous; leaves al- — 
trai d pe lanceolate or ovate- Meier attenuate- -acüminate, sharp- 
ly early Serrana scabrous above, tom ooa e be- © 
EE s BE. obtuse a de base, all on slender naked petioles; peduncles .. 
B brous; scales of dei voluere eoo ME lanceólate, iphiy ciliate; pap- i 
pus of 2 lan ES Pci fring ges chaffy scales.— Martens, sel. sem. hort. 
T , § in Linnea, sup ple 1 . 133; 
less canescent beneath, Meats into the péligle ; stem scabrous 
B summit. 
sofiy sowie beneath; the lowermost opposite ; the upper 
fon ore or rg e stly acute at the s on shorter pee stem 
smooth and ro A HL giganteus, Hook.! compan. to bot. ma 98. 
“acl oc e. St. Louis, Missouri, Mr. Duerinek, arsa tens) | est- 
ern Louisiana, Dr. Hale! and Texas (a. & 8.) D y. St. “Louis, 
Drummo di. D: Engelmann! aod jo Peter's var. p Nicollet! to 
i ug.-S 


; ! Dr. Pada Sullivant ! 
in the Texan —€— are Lm inches di tapering regular rly from near the 
obtuse base to the tioles 1-3 inches in length, feather- - 
veined, or or slighly pier oe the th the very soft an nd close tomentose 
totes of the lower surface turning brownish uen old. ds larg rger. 


appus s imes 1 
s -— y- which ves app 


H. gig 
, In the very Smo f the 
a the slender petioles.— We hates n (in "bs Schweinitz) a curious mon- 


i state of this species, wi 
or into a 3-5-parted corolla, tel very long linear (3-nerve Bun E» 
with the einer, and even the (commonly 3-cleft) style also an : 
near, 3-nerved, » petaloid bodies , 
we Xo s 
E tomentosus (1 .): stem stout, hirsute- -pubescent ; leaves (am- 
ple, thin,) alternate or ly opposite, oval-lanceolate, or the lower ov 
rely serrate, taper ing to an acute point, contracted at the base, scabro T 
above, softly pubescent-tomentose beneath; the lowermost usually tripli- 
nerved; heads (large) on stout pedu uide: scales of the involucr 
much acumi 


žy 


© 
— 
RB 
5 

e 

= 2 
= 
[i 
~- 
= 


ac nate, elongated, sq se, villous; chaff of t EL 
(3-tooth and the corolla tomentose or t the summit; pap ; 


p 
ely fringed) awns.— Miche. ! f 2. p. 141 > Rul! sk. 2. 
. 9. p. 589. 


; DC. pr : 
; a heads yer: ENN leafy at the summit ; involucre foliaceous. a ; 
parent) a monstrous state).—H. squarrosus, gx ! in trans. Amer. pM 


T [ERE postegoval acu ac €— more distinctly iei ; scales 


involu ucre [es ac ot longer than the disk.—H. s mv in NE oH 
29. p ves Partie e in the lightest ugue all opposite , 


eam thers wei — 
y soil Tni Y ] M ern portions “of North Meere E 2: 
Alabama! 4. C lombus, G orgia! Aug.-Oct.—Stem -8 feet high: 
r leaves nches broad, 4 ten op the upper 


^ often a foot long, often 
3-8 long, ecl feather-veined, d peut bes , but oni 
nx t at all so; all contracted at the base rt of winged petiole. | 
an inch or 1 VR scales hirsut 


$ 


E 3 E Ge 
Ls T p wk 
i x x rem 


HennNTRUS. —— COMPOSIT X. ~~ 


villous, especially on he margins. Rays 12-16, or in 3. 20, apparently 
yellow, an inch and a half long. Corolla of the disk pubescent. " 


vtt Lei nra or the €— sometimes alternate, 3-nerved or dm 


x 
" 


2. H. Nodes (Lam.): stem SP smooth below, M. AES ` 
scent or hirsu Beit leaves oppos the per alternate, ova ate, or 
ovgte-lanceoiett , acumin nate, ire strongly triplinerved, scabre ve, 
' sofily pubescent neni ; the upper sessile or F somewhat petioled 3) pice 
» (often slightly cordate) on | margined petioles scales of the involuc 
lanceolate, strongly e- te, ficamitinte h fataccels longer than em disk; a 


rays 1 x —Lam. . hel. 2. p. 84 (1789), ex DC. Pete r. 5. p. 587, excl. 
syn. Ell. & nae Vahl, symb. 2. p. 92, — & c. 
mag. t. 2A. not of Willd. . Hookeri, eth Lo viri hor 
8- eaves appressed-serrate, sometin ely sessile, finely omentose- 
canescent A . pubescens, Hook. ! bol mag. t. 2778 dx, syn. 5, 4 
8. 


E 


ompan bot. ma. 
y». A less s ti beneath ; the lower (often a foot long) coarsely 
serra 


Fields and river-bottoms, throughout the Western! and inlan d paoor 
the Reinticrs Stat July-Sept.—4A large species, 5 to 8 feet PE. pe 
ample leaves amd Mis heads. Rays an inch and a half long. C 

‘the receptacle hairy at the summit, and m re or less 3-toothed. Ac vd 

‘glabrous, or when young slightly pi above. Pappus of 2 fringed 

subulate awns,- e ofien with 2 or m termediate denticulate- pen 

-squamellæ.—The r. P. often ap proaches H. tomentosus; and so : 
petalus. 


itl smal ppressed t 
À ne or softly pubescent M 
Biipliaereed, Sealy contracted into short margined petioles ; scales 
involucre la late or ovate-lanceo sche acuminate, tomentosa, equal- 
ling the disk, the summits copre diinan p ioe mo: 

; P 


i Ci.» e ! dict. ed. 7. no. 4. Chrysanthemum Canadense strumosu 
hort. Lugd.?) H, levis, Walt. Car. p.215? .H. maeropbyl* 
lus, W ! hort. Berol. t. 70, & enum. p. 920; DC.! prodr. ba i d 
pe _ decapetalus, Darlingt.! fl. Cest. p. 483. H. altissimus, 
l. 8. 


es. softly Can RR ‘mollis, Wili ie Pass. 
A 2. p. 572; Ell. ' à 


1 ; no ^ e 
i l eins ae nder, pale b ont smooth be- 
ee. roll ir lanceolate, p. foliis Tanceolatis Hook. ! 


=e 


"Cor ses a Task: of vers, Canada. and throi 
West is States! E ue and Arkansas g 
/ ^S $ m 2—4 feet high. Leaves 3 3-8 inc 
a an less to 3 inches wide wae the base, on petiole 


branch-leaves sometimes a 
than in the following, with s 
z 


328 COMPOSITE. 


tips. Rays an inch > an inch and a half long, often half an inch wide, 

bright yellow. Pappus of 2, or sometimes 3, subulate chaffy aw = and fre- 

quently with 2 or 3 coal intermediate scales, all epas he v -0 

differs in the dp gf the MONET of the leaf, which is iucapstist 
ted in E 


This species is some s cultiv iis each or name a H. decape- 
eee and a diffe eh plan sina to ha as H. strumosus: but 
e mistake not, this is the H. arbo e Millen, "of thé Kew ‘garden, &c. 


tis is sea Sein gnished by the form of the leaves, their inconspicuous ser- 
= 3 the whitish lower surface 


a . H. de eae (Linn.): stem branching, smooth below, scabrous at 

E s ie EM: opposite, or those of the br: PEN as thin, ovate, 
sees coarsely serrate, triplinerved, scabrous above, s or scabrous - 
beneat upper ovate- yen all abruptly lb into usually 
winged _ Tess scales of t voluere narrowly lanceolate-linear, loose, 
squarrose-spreading, ae, ate ilio: s than the is ; rays 8-10 
(rarely 13).— Linn. ! spec . 905; Ait.! Kew. o» (e ed. » d oe UE 


sk. 9. p. 425?) Hook.! de t. mag. i. 3510; DC.! prod 
strumosus & H. Se Ell.! sk.2. p.420. H. unito us £ (partly) & 
UR Corsi Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 312. H. frondosus, "Darts: ! fl. 


83. 

Y. ix, SEA (Hook. bot. mag. 1. c.): exterior scales of the involucre larger 
and per one or more “al them ee xul to leaves.—H. frondosus, 

in aman. acad. 4 290, y spec 2. p. 1277. 
. opm pF alconme du ‘Canada ! qp» (dira States ! ! to Kentucky! an 
e saver ries of Georgia! Aug.-Sept.—Stem 2-5 feet high, Mas pur- 

lish. Leaves 3-6 inches long, 1-3 broad, dias s the base, coarsely ser 

rate or Koh rather paler and often gt but never pubescent ti beneath; * 
gc ur surface scabrous with short often aed hairs: they are very 
i when the plant grows in shade, and fréquent perfectly smooth h bena 

eads middle-sizéd, on slender terminal peduncles. Involucre very van 
ble. Rays rather pale yellow, an inch to an inch and a MA long, and ane 
third of an inch wide. Pappus of 2 subulate chaffy aw 

Bh. H. trachelifolius ees ): stem pr iene hairy or some- 
wW. sc opposite, or those of the branches alternate, thin, 
Or al abite or obléng- -lanceolate, MEME guae serrate, trip 


E 


nc 

, longer than the disk; the exterior often produced into long subulate 
squarrose-spreadin ng Bpbep tages ar 12-15.— Willd. qus 3. p. 2241, y 
enum. p. 990 ; Link, e 


“male Piles to "Ohio! des Pion Aug.-S ept. —What we take k, 
for H. Ae iilis, on the authority of a specimen pity in the s Berlin T 
Botanic Garden, as well as from the original character, is a species with 


habit of H. decapctalus but with narrower and more appressed abrrate EE : 

not strongly triplinerved, mostly long and slender scales of the ini 

which are often inclined to become foliose, and pretty large pale yello 
h 


Link. arks that it | ai 2.6 talus * th smaller 
K re at itis a more hey eae decapeta e ene ur 


e heads as large as those of H. deca stakes}, er others 
times 


abe lower su dg ace of the leav piss im rS 5 
zlabr not sure that en desc Ber- 
any tolus p a —The SE aer in the 4 


3 Panes, (very probably the H. prostratus, 
but not Viguiera prostrata, DC.) a Dis. dua be M^ state of this spe- 
an pa plant. : 


MA. 


> 


d 


HELIANTHUS. COMPOSITÆ. 329 


96. H. hi rsutus (Raf.): stem simple, or dichotomous at the summit, hir- 
E "Tough; leaves opposite, more or less petioled, i faeere lee; 
ly cung sparsely serrate, mostly rounded or ob 
nerved or triplinerved, very scabrous above, hirsute- wert dos rcs 
scales of iio "infliluere ovate- lanceolate, acu minate, beige: ire qo 


ied, ai t rs Wu. gee y 12.—Raf. ! nat. (1820) p 
DC. prodr. 5. p. 5 (Varies with tbe leaves nearly ovate, RUPES mu 
ish, but me emibanaccous when xd wing in shady plac oh ug 

B. diversifolius: cauline leaves broadly ovate- in $ of th 


olat hose e 
branches oval or ovate, gcns slightly cordate, haii entire.—H. diver- 
ee Ell.! sk. 2 
rach yphyllus : stem hispid ; leaves uniform, ovate-lanceolate, mostly 
T large e inches pins ine 2 state wide at the base), very fou. on 
ic s li : s 12 


ô. yllus : Enallér: stem hispid; leaves narrowly lanceolate, scarce 

ly eair hispid. -scabrous above, roughish-hirsute beneath, the uppét 
ire. 
Dry soil, from Ohio! and Indiana! to feee re cd ei Aeg 8 svi 


of North Carolina ! pa rai x , Alaba y. Arka 

ô. Western «tem ! Dr. e worth ! "exa as, Dä ad 
uly-Oct.—A polym orphous species with rper heads than H. divaricatus 

(on short peduncles metimes leafy at the summit), and the 


21. ed the involuore ont aba hirsute) more appressed, but the tips 
r less spreading: it is also distinguished by the distinct, 
Shine short petioles, Pappus of two subulate denticulate awns, longer 


than the achen 


~H. aa (Linn.) : stem simple, or corymbose-2-3-dichotomous 


allies "smooth, or the branches and peduncles sparsely hispid with spreadi 


hairs; leaves opposite, Arancel, sessile, ovate e-lanceolate, or lanceolate 
from an ovate base, gradually acuminate, serrate, 3-nerved from the round- 
r a ery sc 


lengt an Sip ME eading, DE the disk ; 8-12.— 
Linn.! spec. 9. p.906; Ait. ! Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p.250 ; Pursh, T pr - p. 576 
"ei the char 
ongs to H. gated Bigel.! fl. Bost. . ed. 2. p. ook. 
Bor.- Am. 1 1. p. 312 (excl. char.) ; Darlingt. ! fi. Cest. p. T bt g^ 
. 987. bia kp Porg- vii sk. 2. p. 416. Circe 


t 

au f: 

never alternate, mice divancalis a a sessile zi X i 

base, the ering to a sharp point, ong, an inch or less (rare- 

ly 2 inches =) wide a hs base. Heads rather eal Pappus of 2 ES sub- 

ulate chaffy i 

* * o & * * Perennial: heads small: rays e rary 10: rl i i 
Pss uos imbricated, — shorter tham the yellow disk; 


ty tines — Microcephali je 
acumenalte UPS. er UH i 
qx = if 


, somew hat serrate, petioled, v 
son, Der t be neath ; heads o on: slender coge 
is 21 


em 


N 


* 


330 COMPOSITE. HELIANTHUS. 


ciliate; the exterior with acute or acuminate herbaceous ; AanATTORe spot 
tips; rays 5-6; pappus of 2 small mgr eos awns.—H. div peels 
Miche. “Al. 2. p. 141; IET of Lin H.s sus, 
var. Me a CELT TIS p: S20. H. diede ges in ME egit 3. 
p. 617? 3 not of H. B. & K., (which apparently has the priority in 


ion.) 
8. leaves more sharply serrate, the soft pubescence of the lower surface 
pee brownish; heads rather larger.—H. divaricatus var. ferrugineus, 
EE EGS 
y. upper leaves ovate ; ; i maa arger ; involucre more squarrose.— 
H. trachelifolius, Hook. / comp. to bot. 

Thickets, and in alluv ial soil, Tone onda (Goldie, in herb. Hook.) 
j cnm Pennsylvania! Ohio! Indiana! and Kentucky! to the western 
part of ak e and to Louisiana! y. Covington, Louisiana, Drummond ! 
July-Sept.—Stems growing usually in tufts, 3-6 feet di 2-3-chotomously 
branched oom clothed beneath s soft pubescence, and sprinkled 
with minute resinous dots, REY. vein did qiiam pes cn abruptly 
contracted into distinct petioles E 1 or less i ength (it is db bya 

print or error of the pen, Te "Elliot desc eru the petioles as 3 to 6 inches 
long!) : the lower 6 to 10 inches long, 2-3 broad at the e tapering to 


near! c ,8 i iameter. 
of the receptacle oblong, dem at the a and more or less 3-toothed. 
Rays nearly an inch long. Throat of the isk BEE y pearcely longer than 
the lobes, pubescent towards the base, as well as the ‘short tube. Pappus 
shorter than the nearly glabrous achenia.—Somewha hei in apk &c.; 
but remarkable for its very few rays, which are large for the size as the head, 
its smooth much-branched stems, and thin distinctly petioled leaves. 

- H. Schweinitzii: stem strigose-pubescent, branching above; lea 

ite (or those of the branches alternate), narrowly lanceolate, Aes to 
A iendos acute point, obscurely and sparingly serrulate, narrowed at t the 

n v i n 


r y sessile, triplinerved, very rous above, densely. tomentose 
and canescent beneat ead slender canescent peduncles terminaung 
th omous branches ; scales of the involucre ovate-lanceolate, acute oF 


e h 
acuminate, hairy, the tips s anae; rays mostly 8; pappus of 2 lanceolate 
or ovate-lanceolate chaff: = E OMNE 
Near Salem, North is ad Schweinitz ! and in Meskennera oun 
- M. A. Curtis | —Stem. apparently 3 to 6 feet high. Leaves thic kish; 


carcely an inch wide ne 

r 3-5 inches long, half an inch wide, more closely sessile. Heads rather 
a than in H. microcephalus : involucre somewhat hirsute-canescent; 
the scales rather shorter than the disk. Chaff of hs receptacle more or less 
-toothed ° and hairy at the summit. Pappus shorter than the glabrous 


30. Bı lævigatus : stem glabrous and glaucous, bie n leaves Oppo- 
site, or the uppermost alternate, oblong- -lanceolate, acute, sessile, entire Of 
~~ serrulate, with scabrous smooth and ) 
» vein di apr hep sh heads terminating the h acuminate 
scale 


wn 


EE d x 


TA 
x 


$ 


HertaNTHUS. COMPOSITE. 331 


than in that species, pale. Meri -— at = ves but so or — sessile. 

eads about twice the size of t of H. microcephalus, of the e shape, 
on slender peduncles; the pirim vo the javob (all rv a hais “he disk) 
slightly ciliate. Chaff of the peente linear. entire, obtuse. rolla. of 
the disk with a long throat, and a very short proper tube. Achenia glabrous, 


r with a 
sometimes confluent with the larger oues, all deciduous, as usual in the 
genus 


31. - cus arand (Pursh) : ides — -— — stems. endet, 


often numero the same root; leaves opposite or rarely virum 


s fro 
lineae-lanceolae, ipid entire, oecirely iplinerved, sessile ; the low 
and radical tapering into slender n! petioles, rarely somew hat 
f les 


etm heads few, terminating the simple or dichotomous branches; sca 

of the involucre ovate-lanceolat the ira with lanceolata bulitip 
spreading tips, as long as t y 10, ; iry at 
the summit; pappus of 2 ovate-lanceolate concave denticulate-fringed chaffy 


scales, and Puri with two intermediate squamelle.—Pursh, fl. 2. p. 571; 
Ell.! sk. 9. p. A17.  Leighia longifolia, Nutt. / in trans. Amer. phil. soc. 
(n. ser.) 7. p. 365. 
. Western part of Georgia! in wet soil. Sept.-Oct.—An anomalous spe- 
ies, with the aspect of an aquatic ye ial a as Elio Anile very smooth 
thro ighout. Stems 2 to 4 feet high, nearly simple. Lea e inches 
a 


brous, e cept the summit. Pappus deciduous, as in eee begs areal "i 


t Obscure or little-known species. 


auciflorus (Nutt.) : leaves ied liner aneeoate, acuminate, 
Pia are ^nm a aut naked, trichotomous, few-flowered ; scales of 
the involucre closely imbricated, ovate. Nutt. pd 2. 5.175 
ower Louisiana.—Plant 4-5 feet high. Leaves sometimes ternately 
Pin very long, paler beneath and somewhat pubescent. Ray an 
k nearly the sam e color. Nutt.— This species is unknown to us; we find 
no specimen in the erhia of the Academy of Natural Sciences 


33. H. pumilus (Nutt.): hirsutely pilose and scabrous; lea 
waite pim ^ ted below W, ee nearly attics devoti 
upper leaves lanceolate, prede involucrum hoary, hispid, the scales im- 
bricated, lanceolate, acute, as well as neh receptacular pales; achenium | 
smooth.—Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. " - 

B.? Nicolleti: somewhat strigose-canescent: stem simple; leaves (the 
lowest wanting) lanceolate, 1-nerved, tapering to the cpi: sessile, obscurely 
serrulate; the uppermost alternate; sc 
ulate, canesce iy pubesce ent; rays 14 14-20; pappus of 2 oblong-laneeolate 

affy scales. 

Roc f the Platte, Nuttall ; who describes it as a seein 
sngle-sem Moncnsing of the bout a foot high; the leaves 2-3 inches long, about 
an inch wide. Heads 3-5. cere! 
achenium rather large and w ev. : 
in the N. W. Te RA by Mr. Nicollet, has fius wet leaves, about 
half an inch wide, and ponr ree heads for the size of af stem. It is per- 
haps different from Mr. Nuttall's plant, which is unknown to us ; butthespe- 
cimens are insufficient. We pei a fragment iid dada o a ies, col- 


B 


Se 
Met 


i 


332 COMPOSITE. HEvIANTHUS. 


cted in the same region ae Major Long’s second expedition ; in which 


le ; 
all the leaves are opposite and somewhat spatulate, the cauline broader, and 


nearly agreeing with the pss of Mr. Nuttall’s H. pumilus. 


34 ouglasii: upper part of the stem and branches priae y 
e leaves MR unte. rhomboid- oi scabrous-pubes eee obscurel tripli- 
d, sew or gii Ags este contracted into winged petioles ; peduncles 
tilii l, naked; erior scales of the involucre foliaceons, linear-oblong, 
obtuse, yea hàn ex disk, spirali or reflexed ; rays 12 or more, small; 
chaff of the pecie entire; achenia glabrous; pappus of two dicida 
subulate rod SA 
Een for y vs Chi /—The imperfect specimens ie whi we have 
de 


AST 
the summit of the stem, which appears to have been woe or r decumbent: 
the leaves are 2-3 inches long, including the cuneiform base or wi nged 
petiole. 


35. H. hispidulus (Ell.): stem scabrous; leaves reas vins ovate- 
lanceolate, tapering towards the summit, serrulate, scabrous on the uppe 
surface, paler underneath and EU hispid ; — x ‘ies involacig ovate- 
lanceolate, gear ; chaff 3 3-tooth Ell. sk. 2 

Pine barrens near Louisville, ‘Gece rgia Sept set shine 3-4 feet high. 
Leaves long, sae triplin nerved, very o scurely serrulate. Involucre as 
long as the dis rs 8—10, 0, about an inch long. Æll.—So wretched are 
the original s speci Ellio ts herbarium, now before us, that we are un- 


set with small and sc etii Falher si igid white hairs along the 
veins, Per ipis. d with deri resinous Lo tutes a lens), similar to 
what we frequently observe in H. str 

36. H. multiflorus "e ): rhizoma chon inflexed ; stem erect, branch- 

ing, i abtoos ; leaves alternate, sometim y diee e, or the lowest ternate, 

petioled, okot, triplinerved, scabrous; di lower cordate, the upper ovate; 

seales of the involucre lanceolate, the e sei line mre ciliate, 

ENDE but not squarrose ; rays An numerous. DC—Linn.! (hort. 

liff-) spec. 9. p. 905; Ait. Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 248; Lam. ill. t. 706 ; Bol. 
mag. t. 227; DC. prodr. 5. p. 590, probably not of Pursh, &c. 


jua Hort. Cliff): but 

we have seen no native specimens that correspond with the cultivated we 

which has been known in European gardens for more than 200 yea : 

rode dou bt i it were derived from this country ; but if so, it probably ori- 
ic = e 


y Linneus as havin ordate-ovate leaves, with the scales 0 
involucre stmt linear-lanceolate] loosely i imbricated, neither squa 
nor droopi E rd 


tt m species. 


37. H. tuberosus (Linn.) : root bearing o éblon ng tubers; — — branch- T 


ing, se scabrous; leaves alternate, petioled, triplinerved, scabro errate Z 
te cone] cordate-ovate; the u ovate, acuminate 5 ; petioles carn 


per 
scales of the involucre Nur lupesclate;- ciliate. TA 


the base; 
iren Arg t t. adh Schkuhr, handb. t. 258 ; Beck, bot. p. 2 


fence-rows, &c., in many laces, where it becomes 
(d. Said to have been derived originally from Brazil: 


"m 


EN 


Lovers m mec T T TESING c EU 


y 
HELIANTHUS. COMPOSITÆ. 333 


cultivated for a very long period for its fleshy tubers.—Rays 12-15, Pappus 
of 1 to 4 subulate scales or chafly awns.—Jerusalem Artichoke. 


neglectus, Hort. Berol. 1840; we have seen no description of this species. Is 
it a rigidus ? 
H. villosus, Nutt. is enumerated in Loud. hort. Brit., but no-where described. 


98. HELIANTHELLA. 


Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers 10-24, neutral ; those of the disk 
perfect. Scales of the involucre linear or lanceolate, in dons series, loose, 
somewhat foliaceous. Chaff of the receptacle persistent, embracing the 
achenia. Corolla of the disk cylindrical, elongated, 5-toothed, with a very 
short proper tube. Branches of the style very hispid, more or less obtuse. 


at the summit into a short auriculate and lacerate persistent appendage or 
into an Eb, sometimes with intermediate squamellæ, or an obscure coroni- 
ze, glabrous, or ciliate. —Perennial herbs, with linear or lanceolate 
mostly scattered and sessile entire leaves, and solitary showy heads termina- 
ting the stem or branches. 


§ 1. Receptacle convex : appendages of the style E. hispid throughout. 


. H. grandiflora: stem simple, leafy, scabrous-pubescent ; leaves lan- 
Miss. Woar, 1-nerved, scabrous-hispid ; scales of d involuere lanceo late, 


acute, somewhat app essed, tat the length of the disk; rays 16-20, elon- 
gated; chaff of the receptacle as long as the sone; obscurely 3-toothed ; 
immature achenia oval, compressed, rous, with e sre p be 
summit, 1ewhat lacerate-fringed, i ne 

minute and deciduous aristate squamelle, the whole summit ediki uae a 
ring of minute hairs; the inner edge slightly winge 


i i . 
East Florida, Dr. Leavenworth! Dr. Burrows !—Stem apparently 3-4 feet 
high, the base wanting. Leaves without or rder, sometimes aei wee 
í h 


2-4 lines wide, obtuse at the b ower 2 inchés; the 
ly an inch long near ch in dia ; the ita dum @ 
inches long. Corolla sparsely bairy towards the base, the teeth nearly gla- 
e two gibbosities or auricles of the achenia e the pappus of 
species of Coreopsis; th ich is formed by the prolongation of the 
inner and wing-l margin e achenium is often largest: the 
tmediate sq , but a crown-like ring of bristles which 
"ay takes their place: the small awns or squamelle, when p 
arise from within the auricles. 


brous, simple, or branching at the sum 


2. H. tenui — stem sleni al 
near, 1- erved, very scabrous; scales of the in- 


mit; leaves very n eek near, 
y esl Ege lat , hirsute, as as th 
cha ‘oblong, 3-lobed, Meet aa the corolla ; : aec, HRSA short, quad- 
rangular; the and posterior angles strongest or so mewhat margifed, 
each produced en ai the s — into a stout persistent c chatty tooth, the interme- 
Sand hills, M idem Y Florida, Dr. Chapman Leones inches or more in 
wide. Heads not half the size of the preceding. 
tube very short and indurated. 


ngth, less than a line 
Disk-corolla shore: glabrous; ihe proper t 
| e * 


b 


p^ 


-nected 


334 COMPOSITÆ. HLIANTHELLA. 


Style — - - — Summit of the ertum obscurely coron 
produced i somewhat lacerate tooth at the principal we ro 
inner angle pcm iod: very obscurely toothed the intermediate angles. 


§ 2. Receptacle flat ; the chaff broad, chartaceo-membranaceous, entire: scales 
e involucre squarrose-spreading $ the inner linear- lanceolate ; the exte- 
rior foliaceous, or some of them changed into leaves: branches of the style 
smooth below, terminated by a short dilated or spatulate appendage, = 
hispid margins : teeth of the corolla densely puberulent externally : ovari 
flat, with narrow winged margins. 


. H. Douglasii: stem (the upper porn poe with spreading hairs; | 


eiu: angled; leaves oblong-lanceolate, ac essile, Pd gla- 
brous, or sparsely hirsute- pubescent on n the mide a e margins solitary, 
pedunculate ; the winged margins of the ng achenia Íacerate-fringed a 


PoJ ON 
the summit, not awned ; ; in ntermediate squamellæ obsolete 
Interior of Oregon ; ** common on the Mme range of ike ‘Blue Moun- 


tains, 3-5 feet high, rarely — Douglas! in herb. Hook.—The s 
cimen wants the lower part of the stem: it appears i be nearly allied to Mr. 
Nuttall’s Leighia p reas but te Pix en are closely sessile and tripli- 


ner 
disk an inch in n diam eter, = rays about 24) i is ; bord on a hirsute peduncle 


ndages 

= t the su su mit, a e not dn ae into awns. etter specimens, however, are 

for or the own determination of these species. —The coroll 

genus exhibits the ordinary venation of the family ; but some flowers of this 
vn s present the intermediate nerves, like most Heliant 


. H. lan ceolata : nearly glabrous; stem grooved, que 2-3 0 
subsecsie heads; leaves c dai acuminate at each end, pe 


ore 
dee 


into PR r sin pee ice or thrice The length of the ovary ; interme 
diate asd Senta .—Leighia lanceolata, Nuit. ! in trans. Amer. phil. 
soc. (n. ser. 

ocky JC rae plains, and Upper California? Nuttall.—Having no spe 
cimens (except the ovaries), we have drawn the character from Mr. Nuattall’s 
description. The stem is said to be 12 to 18 inches high; hos lower leaves 
6-8 inches long, an inch broad. Rays 12-14: the chaff re 


5. H. uniflora: stem and leaves clothed with a short and soft oft somewhat 
cinereous ec